The Hawaiian story of the wind keepers - Sydney Iaukea

223,319 views ใƒป 2023-04-11

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
Long ago, Laโ€™amaomao, the Hawaiian wind goddess,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืœืืžืื•ืžืื•, ืืœืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื™,
00:11
wielded a gourd that housed the winds of the Islands.
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ืœืขืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื™ื.
00:15
It came to hold her bones, along with the life force they carried,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืฉืื•,
00:19
and was eventually passed to her grandson, Pakaโ€™a.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื ื›ื“ื”, ืคืืงืื”.
00:23
He learned the hundreds of distinct winds
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ ืืช ืžืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
ืฉื”ืชื ื•ืคืคื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ืคื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื•ืœื“ืชื•
00:26
that wafted and whipped around his homeland.
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ื‘ื–ืžืจื• ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื
00:29
Chanting their names, he could stir the skies and raise the waves.
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00:33
Like his father before him,
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ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•,
00:35
he became the most trusted attendant to King Keawenuiaโ€™umi of Hawaii Island.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ืงืื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ืžื•ืื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ืื™.
00:41
But his privileged status also made him a target.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ ื’ื ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื˜ืจื”.
00:44
Two of the king's seafaring navigators were especially envious.
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ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื• ืงื ืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
00:49
They knew Pakaโ€™aโ€™s skills and responsibility to the king
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ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืืงืื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืœืžืœืš
00:53
were divinely inherited, but they coveted his position.
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ืฉืงื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.
00:57
So they whispered rumors and eventually turned the king
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื—ืฉื• ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืš
01:01
against his most loyal companion.
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ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื• ื”ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:04
Pakaโ€™a watched bitterly as he was stripped of his land and privileges.
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ืคืงืื” ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืฉื˜ืชื• ืžืื“ืžืชื• ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•
01:09
He fled, escaping the navigators who plotted to drown him as he sailed away,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื—, ื ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื–ืžืžื• ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืžืฉื,
ื•ืžืฆื ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืžื•ืœื•ืงืื™, ืฉื ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืฆโ€™ื™ืคื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื”.
01:14
and took refuge on Molokaสปi, where he married a young chiefess.
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01:19
They brought a son into the world,
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื,
01:21
but Pakaโ€™a never stopped imagining his return.
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืืงืื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ื•.
01:24
He taught his son, Kuapakaโ€™a, the way of the winds
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ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื•, ืงื•ืืคืงืื”, ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช
01:28
until Kuapakaโ€™a was poised to avenge his father
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ืขื“ ืฉืงื•ืืคืงืื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื ืืช ื ืงืžืช ืื‘ื™ื•
01:31
and restore his rightful place beside the king.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš.
01:34
Back on Hawaii Island,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืื™,
01:36
as the two navigators revealed their selfishness,
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ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
01:39
the king realized how easily heโ€™d been deceived and longed for Pakaโ€™a.
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ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ื™ื—ืœ ืœืคืืงืื”.
01:45
Some of his more trustworthy attendants divined that Pakaโ€™a was still alive
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื ื™ื—ืฉื• ืฉืคืืงืื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
01:49
and told the king to construct canoes for a journey.
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ื•ืืžืจื• ืœืžืœืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืื ื• ืœืžืกืข.
01:53
However, Pakaโ€™a could not return so easily.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืคืืงืื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
01:57
First, the kingโ€™s loyalty and dedication had to be tested.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ืืžื ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง.
02:02
As the king rallied his attendants,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืœืš ื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื•,
02:04
Pakaโ€™aโ€™s ancestral spirits arrived in the form of two birds
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ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืืงืื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
02:09
and rotted the trees he was using for canoe-building.
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ื•ื”ืจืงื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงืื ื•.
02:13
Though exhausted, the king had his best archers shoot the birds,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืชื•, ื”ืงืฉืชื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
02:17
and he started again.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘.
02:19
Later, as Pakaโ€™a dreamed, the kingโ€™s spirit announced his search.
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืืงืื” ื—ืœื, ืจื•ื— ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•.
02:24
However, Pakaโ€™aโ€™s own spirit misled the king,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืคืืงืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื˜ืขืชื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืš,
02:28
saying he was on Kaโ€™ulaโ€”
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืื•ืœื”-
02:30
not Molokaสปi.
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ืœื ืžื•ืœื•ืงืื™.
02:33
The kingโ€™s fleet soon set sail.
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ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืฆื™ ื”ืžืœืš.
02:35
As they passed Molokaสปi, Pakaโ€™aโ€™s son, Kuapakaโ€™a, greeted them,
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ื›ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ืœื•ืงืื™, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืคืืงืื”, ืงื•ืืคืงืื”, ื‘ื™ืจืš ืื•ืชื,
02:40
warning that a storm was brewing.
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ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืกืขืจื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช.
02:43
He chanted the names of the winds, but kept his identity a secret,
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื•ื“,
02:47
as per Pakaโ€™aโ€™s plan.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืืงืื”.
02:49
The kingโ€™s navigators dismissed the young boyโ€™s claims.
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ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ.
02:52
But as they sailed off, Kuapakaโ€™a unleashed a vicious storm
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื•, ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืฉื—ืจืจ ืกืขืจื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช
02:57
and all were forced to shelter on Molokaสปi.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงืœื˜ ืขืœ ืžื•ืœื•ืงืื™.
03:01
For four months, Kuapakaโ€™a maintained the storm.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืขืจื”.
03:05
With Pakaโ€™aโ€™s secret supervision, he earned the kingโ€™s trust,
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ืขื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืืงืื”, ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš,
03:10
and, after clearing the sky, Kuapakaโ€™a agreed to join the kingโ€™s search.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื‘ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืš.
03:16
At sea, the two navigators continuously discredited Kuapakaโ€™a.
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ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืฉื• ืืช ืงื•ืืคืงืื”.
03:21
Finally, he readied himself for revenge and called the winds.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืงืžื” ื•ืงืจื ืœืจื•ื—ื•ืช.
03:26
As waves crashed, Kuapakaโ€™a anchored the canoe
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืชื ืคืฆื•, ืงื•ืืคืงื” ืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืื ื•
03:29
and passed provisions to everyoneโ€” except the two navigators.
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืกืคืงื” ืœื›ื•ืœื- ืžืœื‘ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื.
03:34
They grew cold and weak, eventually falling overboard.
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ื”ื ื”ืชืงืจืจื• ื•ื ื—ืœืฉื•, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื• ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ.
03:39
But Kuapakaโ€™aโ€™s work wasnโ€™t done.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื”.
03:43
While everyone slept, he brightened the sky
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื
03:45
and sailed towards Hawaii Island instead of Kaโ€™ula.
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ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืื•ืœื”.
03:50
Though the king regretted not finding Pakaโ€™a,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืœืš ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืฉืœื ืžืฆื ืืช ืคืืงืื”,
03:52
everyone was glad to be home and forgot about Kuapakaโ€™aโ€”
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื›ื—ื• ืžืงื•ืืคืงืื” --
03:57
until the day he proposed a canoe race.
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ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฆื™ืข ืžืจื•ืฅ ืงืื ื•.
04:01
He wagered his catch of flying fish against that of eight fishermen
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืžืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืคืคื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื
04:06
who had been appointed by the two treacherous navigators.
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ืฉืžื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื™ื.
04:09
They agreed, figuring it'd be an easy win.
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ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืงืœ.
04:12
But Kuapakaโ€™a called to Laโ€™amaomao,
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืงืจื ืœืืžืืื•ืžืื•,
04:16
and a great wave whisked him ahead of his opponents.
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ื•ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•.
04:21
Enraged and convinced this was a fluke, the fishermen asked for a rematch.
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ื›ื•ืขืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ.
04:25
But this time, they demanded Kuapakaโ€™a wager his bones against theirs.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื, ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืœื”ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื”ื.
04:31
At first, the men paddled fiercely,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืชืจื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื ืคืฉ,
04:33
with Kuapakaโ€™a gliding effortlessly in their wake.
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ืขื ืงื•ืืคืืงื” ื’ื•ืœืฉ ืœืœื ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
04:37
As they tired, Kuapakaโ€™a hurtled himself to victory.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืขื™ื™ืคื•, ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ.
04:43
Hearing that eight of his fishermen were to die,
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ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ืฉืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื•ืช,
04:46
the king asked Kuapakaโ€™a to have mercy on them.
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ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืœืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
04:50
But the time had come for Kuapakaโ€™a to reveal his identity
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืืคืงืื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื•
04:55
and have the King prove his commitment to Pakaโ€™a.
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ื•ื”ืžืœืš ื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืคืืงืื”.
04:59
Overcome, the king agreed to their deaths and asked to welcome Pakaโ€™a home,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ, ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžื•ืชื ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ ืคืืงืื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
05:05
promising his lands and position would be restored.
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ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฉืžืขืžื“ื• ื™ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ.
05:09
At last, the king and Pakaโ€™a were back at each otherโ€™s sides.
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ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืคืืงืื” ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”.
05:13
Wielding the sacred wind gourd,
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ืžื ื™ืฃ ืืช ื“ืœืขืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”,
05:15
Pakaโ€™a and Kuapakaโ€™a ensured the names of the winds would never be lost,
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ืคืืงืื” ื•ืงื•ืืคืืงืื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ื•,
05:20
and those who understood them never undermined or forgotten.
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืชืขืจืขืจื• ืื• ื™ืฉื›ื—ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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