The Akune brothers: Siblings on opposite sides of war - Wendell Oshiro

1,969,137 views ใƒป 2015-07-21

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Boaz Hovav
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ื”,
00:06
There are many stories that can be told about World War II,
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00:09
from the tragic to the inspring.
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ืžื”ื˜ืจืื’ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”.
ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื
00:12
But perhaps one of the most heartrending experiences
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืืงื•ื ื”,
00:15
was that of the Akune family,
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00:17
divided by the war against each other and against their own identities.
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ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื—ื“ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื ื’ื“ ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ืื™ืฆ'ื™ืจื• ืืงื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ืฉืชื• ื™ื•ืงื™ื™ื”
00:23
Ichiro Akune and his wife Yukiye
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immigrated to America from Japan in 1918
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ื”ื™ื’ืจื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืคืŸ ื‘ 1918
00:29
in search of opportunity,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
ื”ื ืคืชื—ื• ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
00:31
opening a small grocery store in central California
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00:34
and raising nine children.
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ื•ื’ื™ื“ืœื• ืชืฉืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
00:36
But when Mrs. Akune died in 1933,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื’ื‘ืจืช ืืงื•ื ื” ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ 1933,
00:39
the children were sent to live with relatives in Japan,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืคืŸ,
00:42
their father following soon after.
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ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืจื”.
00:45
Though the move was a difficult adjustment
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ
00:47
after having been born and raised in America,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
00:50
the oldest son, Harry, formed a close bond with his grand uncle,
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ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื”ืืจื™, ื™ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื“ื•ื“ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
00:54
who taught him the Japanese language, culture and values.
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ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื.
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืฉื”ืืจื™ ื•ืื—ื™ื• ืงืŸ
00:59
Nevertheless, as soon as Harry and his brother Ken
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01:02
were old enough to work,
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
01:03
they returned to the country they considered home,
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ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช,
01:06
settling near Los Angeles.
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืงืขื• ืœื™ื“ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื‘ 7 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1941, ื”ืžืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ืคืจืœ ื”ืืจื‘ื•ืจ.
01:09
But then, December 7, 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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01:15
Now at war with Japan,
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ืขื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ื™ืคืŸ,
01:16
the United States government did not trust the loyalty
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ืžืžืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช
01:19
of those citizens who had family or ancestral ties to the enemy country.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ื‘.
01:25
In 1942, about 120,000 Japanese Americans living on the West Coast
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ื‘ 1942, ื‘ืขืจืš 120,000 ื™ืคื ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
01:31
were stripped of their civil rights
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ื—ื•ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—
01:32
and forcibly relocated to internment camps,
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ื•ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ืื”,
01:36
even though most of them, like Harry and Ken, were Nisei,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืจื•ื‘ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืืจื™ ื•ืงืŸ, ื”ื™ื• 'ื ื™ืกื™ื™',
01:40
American or dual citizens who had been born in the US
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ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
01:44
to Japanese immigrant parents.
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ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ื.
01:46
The brothers not only had very limited contact with their family in Japan,
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ืœืื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ,
01:50
but found themselves confined to a camp in a remote part of Colorado.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ
01:56
But their story took another twist
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when recruiters from the US Army's military intelligence service
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืžืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:01
arrived at the camp looking for Japanese-speaking volunteers.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื—ื ื” ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืคื ื™ืช.
02:06
Despite their treatment by the government,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
ื”ืืจื™ ื•ืงืŸ ืงืคืฆื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”
02:09
Harry and Ken jumped at the chance to leave the camp
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02:12
and prove their loyalty as American citizens.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
02:15
Having been schooled in Japan,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื ื›ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ,
02:17
they soon began their service,
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:18
translating captured documents,
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ืชืจื’ืžื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื ืชืคืกื•,
02:20
interrogating Japanese soldiers,
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ื—ืงืจื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ื™ื,
02:23
and producing Japanese language propaganda
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ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื• ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช
02:26
aimed at persuading enemy forces to surrender.
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ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข.
02:29
The brothers' work was invaluable to the war effort,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ืœืžืืžืฅ ื”ืžืœื—ืžืชื™,
02:32
providing vital strategic information
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ืกื™ืคืงื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื.
02:35
about the size and location of Japanese forces.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืคืœื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื.
02:38
But they still faced discrimination and mistrust from their fellow soldiers.
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02:42
Harry recalled an instance
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ื”ืืจื™ ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื”
02:44
where his combat gear was mysteriously misplaced
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ื‘ื• ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืฉืœื• ื ืขืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™
02:47
just prior to parachuting into enemy territory,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื™ ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื•ื™ื‘,
02:50
with the white officer reluctant to give him a weapon.
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ืขื ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื ืฉืง.
02:54
Nevertheless, both brothers continued to serve loyally
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช
02:57
through the end of the war.
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ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื™ ื•ืงืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืืงื•ื ื” ืฉืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™.
03:00
But Harry and Ken were not the only Akune brothers fighting in the Pacific.
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03:06
Unbeknownst to them, two younger brothers,
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ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื, ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:08
the third and fourth of the five Akune boys,
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ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืืงื•ื ื”,
03:11
were serving dutifully in the Imperial Japanese Navy,
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ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื™ืกืจื™,
ืกื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™,
03:16
Saburo in the Naval Airforce,
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03:17
and 15-year-old Shiro as an orientation trainer for new recruits.
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ื•ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ืŸ ื” 15 ื›ืžืชืื ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:23
When the war ended, Harry and Ken served in the allied occupational forces
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ืžืจื”, ื”ืืจื™ ื•ืงืŸ ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื
03:28
and were seen as traitors by the locals.
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ื•ื ืจืื• ื›ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื™ ืืงื•ื ื” ื”ืชืืกืคื• ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
03:32
When all the Akune brothers gathered at a family reunion
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03:34
in Kagoshima for the first time in a decade,
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ื‘ืงื’ื•ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ืจ,
ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื.
03:38
it was revealed that the two pairs had fought on opposing sides.
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03:42
Tempers flared and a fight almost broke out
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ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื”ื˜ื• ื•ืงื˜ื˜ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคืจืฆื”
ืขื“ ืฉืื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืขืจื‘.
03:45
until their father stepped in.
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03:47
The brothers managed to make peace
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ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื
03:49
and Saburo and Shiro joined Harry and Ken in California,
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ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื”ืืจื™ ื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
03:53
and later fought for the US Army in Korea.
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ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืœื—ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื‘ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
03:57
It took until 1988 for the US government
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988 ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
03:59
to acknowledge the injustice of its internment camps
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ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ืื”
04:03
and approve reparations payments to survivors.
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ื•ืื™ืฉืจื” ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื.
04:06
For Harry, though, his greatest regret was not having the courage
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื™, ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื—ืจื˜ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ืื•ืžืฅ
04:10
to thank his Japanese grand uncle who had taught him so much.
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ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:15
The story of the Akune brothers is many things:
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืืงื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
04:18
a family divided by circumstance,
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ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืจื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช,
04:20
the unjust treatment of Japanese Americans,
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืคื ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,
04:23
and the personal struggle of reconciling two national identities.
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ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืœืื•ืžื™ื.
04:28
But it also reveals a larger story about American history:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื’ืœื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช:
04:32
the oppression faced by immigrant groups and their perseverance in overcoming it.
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ื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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