The punishable perils of plagiarism - Melissa Huseman D'Annunzio

696,555 views ใƒป 2013-06-14

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:14
Welcome to the Department of Plagiarism Investigation.
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ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
00:18
The D.P.I. has dealt with numerous complex cases
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ื”ืžื—ื’"ืก ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
00:21
in their effort to bring plagiarists to justice
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ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื,
00:24
and to rescue purloined texts.
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื’ื ื•ื‘.
00:26
The first form of plagiarism
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช
00:27
that the D.P.I. regularly encounters
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ืฉื”ืžื—ื’"ืก ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช
00:30
is known as brain child snatching,
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ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
00:32
in honor of the Latin word, plagiarius,
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ื›ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช , ืคืœื’ื™ืืจื™ื•ืก,
00:34
from which plagiarism originates.
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ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืคืœื’ื™ืืจื™ื–ื.
00:36
Brain child snatchers sneak up on innocent papers
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ื’ื ื‘ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืชื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช
00:39
and copy and paste them
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ื•ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ
00:40
without citing any sources,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช,
00:41
putting quotation marks around direct quotes
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ืœืฉื™ื ืžืจื›ืื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื
00:44
or changing a word.
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ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื.
00:45
They've also been known to steal and hold
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื• ื•ื—ื˜ืคื•
00:47
particularly eloquent essays for ransom.
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ืžืืžืจื™ื ืจื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืคืจ.
00:51
When brain child snatchers get together,
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ื›ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื,
00:53
they form a kidnapping ring,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื—ื˜ื™ืคื”,
00:54
which involves brain child snatching
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ืฉืžืชืขืกืงืช ื‘ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
00:56
from multiple sources.
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ืžืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช.
00:58
Some perpetrators have even been known
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
01:00
to commit self-plagiarism,
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ื‘ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
01:01
one of the laziest crimes in the annals of the D.P.I.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืฉืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฆืœื™ื ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื’"ืก.
01:05
Also known as one-sided collaborators,
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ืฉื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžืฉืชืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
01:07
these odd balls snatch up entire texts
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ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื
01:09
or small passages that they've written before
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ืื• ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
01:12
and present them as brand-new material.
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ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:14
Brain child snatchers and kidnapping rings
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ืœืžื—ื’"ืก ืงืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก
01:16
are easy for the D.P.I. to catch.
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ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ืคื”.
01:18
Just paste a few passages into a search engine,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื• ื›ืžื” ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
01:21
and BAM!
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01:21
They're caught red-handed.
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ื•ื‘ืื!
ื”ื ื ืชืคืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื”.
01:23
The more covert forms of plagiarism
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื’ืจืื™ื–ื
01:25
include the wild goose chase technique,
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ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ืžืจื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื,
01:27
in which plagiarists create fake authors,
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ื‘ื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื,
01:29
book titles,
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ื›ื•ืชืจื™ ืกืคืจื™ื,
01:30
page numbers,
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ืžืกืคืจื™ ื“ืคื™ื,
01:31
or other information
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ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ
01:32
in order to cover up plagiarism.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”.
01:34
And the old synonym switcheroo
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ืจื“ืคืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืกื•ื•ื™ืฆ'ืจื•
01:36
in which plagiarists utilize a thesaurus
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ื‘ื” ืคืœื’ื™ืืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื–ืื•ืจื•ืก
01:38
as their main weapon.
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ื›ื ืฉืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
01:39
By substituting a synonym
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช
01:41
for nearly every word in the document
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืžืš
01:42
and leaving the sentence structure
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ื•ื”ืฉืืจืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
01:44
and order of the ideas the same,
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ื•ืกื“ืจ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื ื,
01:46
plagiarists give legitimate paraphrasing
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ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™
01:48
a very bad name.
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ืฉื ืจืข ืžืื•ื“.
01:49
Shoddy paraphrasing is also a key part
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ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืงืœื•ืงืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืคืชื— ื—ืฉื•ื‘
01:51
of variations on a smokescreen,
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ื‘ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืš ืขืฉืŸ,
01:53
a technique in which multiple passages
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ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื” ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
01:55
are paraphrased,
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ืžื ื•ืกื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
01:56
then pasted together into one.
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ื•ืื– ืžื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืœืื—ืช.
02:00
The thorniest issue that the D.P.I. deals with
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ื’"ืก ืžืชืขืกืงืช ืื™ืชื”
02:02
is the misconception
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช
02:03
that you can never be accused of plagiarism
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช
02:05
if you use quotes and cite your sources.
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ืื•ืช ื•ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช.
02:08
This is most certainly not the case
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ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื”
02:10
because a paper that is made up
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื”
02:11
of passage upon passage of other people's ideas
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ืžืคืกืงืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:14
is known as a wholly quotable document.
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ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
02:16
This is considered plagiarism
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ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืœืื’ืจืื™ื–ื
02:18
since there are no original thoughts in the work.
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ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:21
Similarly, passage after passage
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”, ืคื™ืกืงื” ืื—ืจื™ ืคื™ืกืงื”
02:23
of too closely paraphrased text from multiple cited sources
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ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื ื•ืกื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื
02:26
is also plagiarism of the pervasively paraphrased kind
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืคืœื’ื™ืืจื™ื–ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื ื•ืกื—ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช
02:30
because the ideas still aren't one's own.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘.
02:33
And lastly, the technique of revealing while concealing
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืกืชืจื”
02:36
is plagiarism because it involves selective amnesia
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ื–ื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืฉื™ื›ื—ื” ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
02:39
regarding one's sources
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘
02:40
in an attempt to cover up wholly quotable
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ
02:43
and pervasively paraphrased issues in a text.
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ื•ืžื ื•ืกื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜.
02:46
Some passages are meticulously documented,
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ื›ืžื” ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช,
02:48
quoted,
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ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช,
02:49
or paraphrased,
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ืื• ืžื ื•ืกื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
02:50
while others are presented entirely as one's own.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘.
02:53
As you can see, the D.P.I. has its hands full,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ืœืžื—ื’"ืก ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
02:56
tackling all sorts of academic mischief and mayhem,
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ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืœืžื•ืช,
02:59
ranging from the petty to the outrageous.
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ืฉื ืขื•ืช ืžืงื˜ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžืžื•ืช.
03:02
Given the gravity of these transgressions,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:04
you might be wondering why you've never heard
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื
03:06
of the Department of Plagiarism Investigation's victories.
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ืขืœ ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
03:09
That's because it doesn't technically exist.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
03:12
But people, like you and me, can be our own D.P.I. agents
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื›ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก
03:15
to fight plagiarism
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืคืœื’ืจืื™ื–ื
03:16
and uphold the values of original thinking.
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช.
03:19
We know that the best defense against plagiarism
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื“ ืคืœื’ืจืื™ื–ื
03:21
consists of writers who save themselves
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ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื
03:23
time, worry, and effort
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ื–ืžืŸ, ื“ืื’ื”, ื•ืžืืžืฅ
03:25
by taking the far easier road
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื”
03:27
of just doing the work themselves.
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ื‘ื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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