The myth of Jason, Medea, and the Golden Fleece - Iseult Gillespie

1,363,256 views ใƒป 2020-07-21

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:06
In the center of Colchis in an enchanted garden,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื›ื™ืก ื‘ื’ืŸ ืงืกื•ื,
00:10
the hide of a mystical flying ram hung from the tallest oak,
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ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืคืฃ ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ืžื”ืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:15
guarded by a dragon who never slept.
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ื ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืฉืŸ.
00:18
Jason would have to tread carefully to pry it from King Aeetesโ€™ clutches
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ื’โ€™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืคืกื•ืข ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืœืคื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืืื™ื˜ืก
00:23
and win back his promised throne.
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ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื›ืก ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืœื•.
00:25
But diplomacy was hardly one of the Argonautsโ€™ strengths.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื.
00:29
Jason would have to navigate this difficult task alone.
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ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•.
00:34
Or so he thought.
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ืื• ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘.
00:36
Leaving most of his bedraggled crew to rest,
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ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ืฉืœื• ืœื ื•ื—,
00:39
Jason made for the palace with some of his more even-tempered men.
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ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืœืืจืžื•ืŸ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื•.
00:44
His first instinct was to simply ask the king for his prized possession.
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ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืœืš ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ื”ื™ืงืจ.
00:49
But Aeetes was enraged at the heroโ€™s presumption.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืื™ื˜ืก ื–ืขื ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
00:52
If this outsider wanted his treasure,
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ืื ื”ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื•,
00:54
he would have to prove his worth by facing three perilous tasks.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
01:00
The trials would begin the following day, and Jason was dismissed to prepare.
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ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื•ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ.
01:05
But another member of the royal family was also plotting something.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื’ื ื–ืžื ืžืฉื”ื•.
01:10
Thanks to the encouragement of Jasonโ€™s guardians on Mount Olympus,
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ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื•ืก,
01:14
Medea, princess of Colchis and priestess of the witch goddess Hecate,
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ืžื“ื™ืื”, ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื›ื™ืก ื•ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื” ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื” ื”ืงื˜ื”,
01:19
had fallen in love with the challenger.
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ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื•ืจื ื”ืชื™ื’ืจ.
01:21
She intended to protect her beloved from her fatherโ€™s tricks โ€” at any cost.
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ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื” -- ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ.
01:27
After a sleepless night, Jason somberly marched to the castleโ€”
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ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืกืจ ืฉื™ื ื”, ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฆืขื“ ืงื•ื“ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืจื” --
01:32
but was intercepted.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืจื˜ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš.
01:34
The princess armed him with strange vials and trinkets,
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ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ืžืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
01:38
in exchange for a promise of eternal devotion.
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชืžื™ื“.
01:41
As they whispered and planned their victory,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืœื—ืฉื• ื•ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
01:44
both hero and princess fell deeply under each otherโ€™s spell.
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ื’ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™.
01:48
Unaware of his daughterโ€™s scheming,
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ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•,
01:50
the king confidently led Jason to face his first task.
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ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•.
01:54
The hero was brought to a huge field of oxen
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืฉื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื
01:58
that lay between him and the fleece,
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ืฉื ื—ื• ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื–ื”,
02:00
and told that he had to plough the land around the crowds of oxen.
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ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื.
02:04
A simple taskโ€” or so Jason thought.
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ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” -- ืื• ื›ืš ื’'ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘.
02:07
But Medea had concocted a fire-proof ointment,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ืื” ืจืงื—ื” ืžืฉื—ื” ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœืืฉ,
02:11
and so he plowed the flickering fields unscathed.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฆื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืคื’ืข.
02:15
For the second task,
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ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
02:16
he was given a box of serpentโ€™s teeth to plant into the scorched earth.
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ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื• ืงื•ืคืกื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ ื ื—ืฉ ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื”ื—ืจื•ื›ื”.
02:21
As soon as Jason scattered them, each seed sprouted into a bloodthirsty warrior.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ, ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื ื‘ื˜ ืœืœื•ื—ื ืฆืžื ืœื“ื.
ื”ื ืฆืฆื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•, ื•ื—ืกืžื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
02:27
They burst up around him, barricading his way forward,
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02:30
but Medea had prepared him for this task as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ืื” ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:33
Hurling a heavy stone she had given him into their midst,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืื‘ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื,
02:37
the fighters turned on themselves as they scrabbled for it,
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ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืคื ื• ืœื”ืœื—ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืชื’ื•ืฉืฉื• ืขืœื™ื”,
02:40
letting him slip by the fray.
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ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืžื”ื”ืžื•ืœื”.
02:43
For the third task,
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ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
02:45
Jason was finally face to face with the guardian of the Fleece.
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ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืขืžื“ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื™ื–ื”.
02:49
Dodging sharp claws and singeing breath,
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ืžืชื—ืžืง ืžืžืœืชืขื•ืช ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื—ื•ืจื›ืช,
02:52
Jason scrambled up the tree and sprinkled a sweet-smelling concoction
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ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืขืฅ ื•ืคื™ื–ืจ ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื— ืžืชื•ืง
02:56
over the dragon.
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ.
02:58
As the strains of Medeaโ€™s incantations reached its ears
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ื›ืฉื ืฆืจื™ ื”ืœื—ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ืื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื•
03:01
and the potion settled in its eyes, the dragon sank into a deep sleep.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ืฉืงืข ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.
03:06
Elated, Jason climbed to the top of the tallest oak,
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ืžืื•ืฉืจ, ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืก ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:10
where he slipped the gleaming fleece off its branch.
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื–ื” ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ืžื”ืขื ืฃ ืฉืœื”.
03:14
When the king saw the hero sprinting awayโ€”
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื— --
03:17
not only with the fleece, but his daughter in towโ€”
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื–ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืขื ื‘ื™ืชื• ืื—ืจื™ื• --
03:20
he realized he had been betrayed.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื•.
03:22
Furious, he sent an army led by his son Absyrtus
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ื–ื•ืขื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืืช ืฆื‘ืื• ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื• ืื‘ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ืก
03:26
to bring the ill-gotten prize and his conniving daughter home.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืžืจืžื” ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื–ื•ืžืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
03:31
But all the players in this tale had underestimated the viciousness
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช
03:35
of these disgraced lovers.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืฉื™ื.
03:37
To the horror of the Gods, Jason ran his sword through Absyrtus in cold blood.
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ืœื—ืจื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื, ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื“ืงืจ ืืช ืื‘ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื“ื ืงืจ.
03:43
Medea then helped him scatter pieces of the body along the shore,
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ืžื“ื™ืื” ืขื–ืจื” ืœื• ืื– ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
03:48
distracting her grieving father while the Argonauts escaped.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืกื™ื—ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•.
03:52
As Colchis and their pursuers grew smaller on the horizon,
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ื›ืฉืงื•ืœื›ื™ืก ื•ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืงื˜ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืง,
03:56
a solemn silence fell aboard the Argo.
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ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืจืืฉ ื ืคืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•.
03:59
Jason could now return to Thessaly victoriousโ€”
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ื’'ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืช'ืกืืœื™ ืžื ืฆื— --
04:02
but his terrible act had tarnished his crewโ€™s honor,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื›ืชื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
04:06
and turned the Gods against them.
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ื•ื”ืคื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื ื ื’ื“ื.
04:09
Buffeted by hostile winds,
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ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
04:11
the wretched crew washed up on the island of Circe the sorceress.
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžืœืœ ื ืฉื˜ืฃ ืœืื™ ืฉืœ ืกืจืกื™ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉืคืช.
04:15
Medea begged her aunt to absolve them of wrongdoingโ€”
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ืžื“ื™ืื” ื”ืชื—ื ื ื” ืœื“ื•ื“ืชื” ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื”ื --
04:18
but bloody deeds are not so easily forgotten,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืžื“ืžืžื™ื ืœื ื ืฉื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
04:22
and fallen heroes not so rapidly redeemed.
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ื•ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ืœื ื ืกืœื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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