5 philosophers on anger - Delaney Thull

303,036 views ใƒป 2024-03-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:06
Anger is a complicated emotion.
0
6878
2043
ื›ืขืก ื”ื•ื ืจื’ืฉ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.
00:09
It can feel reasonable and righteous or impulsive and uncontrollable.
1
9130
4129
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืฆื•ื“ืง ืื• ืื™ืžืคื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืœื˜.
00:13
But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when?
2
13843
5172
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืœื›ืขื•ืก? ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžืชื™?
00:19
One of the most foundational understandings of anger
3
19932
2586
ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก
00:22
comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle
4
22518
2169
ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•
00:24
who proposed an idea called โ€œthe doctrine of the mean.โ€
5
24812
3087
ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื โ€œื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขโ€œ.
00:28
In this model, thereโ€™s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions,
6
28274
4087
ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
00:32
and it's up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what
7
32361
4588
ื•ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื ืœืคืชื— ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื”
00:36
and how strongly to feel it.
8
36991
1585
ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืง ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”.
00:38
For example, letโ€™s say youโ€™re going to sleep early
9
38910
2544
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื
00:41
because you have an important meeting tomorrow
10
41454
2169
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ืจ
00:43
and your neighbor just started blasting music.
11
43623
2252
ื•ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืคื•ืฆืฆืช.
00:46
If you canโ€™t sleep, you might botch your meeting,
12
46167
2878
ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื›ื,
00:49
so feeling angry is definitely understandable.
13
49128
2670
ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื›ืขืก ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช.
00:52
But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take?
14
52048
5005
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ื›ืขืก ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ? ื•ืื™ืœื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜?
00:57
To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details.
15
57261
3879
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื”, ืืจื™ืกื˜ื• ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
01:01
Have you previously talked to your neighbor about this issue?
16
61516
2919
ื”ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”?
01:04
Is it a reasonable time to be playing music?
17
64644
2544
ื”ืื ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื’ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”?
01:07
Is your neighbor trying to antagonize you, or are they just enjoying their evening?
18
67438
4213
ื”ืื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืืชื›ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœื”ื?
01:12
Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotleโ€™s case-by-case approach
19
72235
3753
ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืกื˜ื• ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื•
01:15
makes a lot of sense for navigating interpersonal conflicts.
20
75988
3420
ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.
01:19
But what about when thereโ€™s no one to blame for your anger?
21
79742
2795
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืขืก ืฉืœื›ื?
01:23
Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house
22
83037
2669
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื”ื•ืจืก ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื
01:25
while your neighborโ€™s home is untouched.
23
85706
1919
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื ืคื’ืข.
01:27
No amount of anger can undo the disaster,
24
87625
2669
ืฉื•ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืืกื•ืŸ,
01:30
and there isnโ€™t really a suitable target for your frustration.
25
90294
3212
ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื.
01:33
Yet for the ancient Stoics,
26
93506
1793
ืื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ืื™ืงื ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื,
01:35
the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical.
27
95299
3295
ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื•ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขืฉ ื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื.
01:39
The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart weโ€™re all tied to,
28
99470
4296
ื”ืกื˜ื•ืื™ืงื ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืขื’ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”,
01:43
and we can either learn to go with the flow
29
103933
2085
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ื–ืจื
01:46
or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum.
30
106102
2502
ืื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืžื•ืžื ื˜ื•ื ืฉืœื•.
01:49
In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate,
31
109021
3003
ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ,
01:52
and our actions can never actually change thingsโ€”
32
112024
2545
ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื -
01:54
whether it's a natural disaster or how others act towards us.
33
114819
4087
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ืื• ืื™ืš ืื—ืจื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื ื•.
01:59
So Stoics believe anger is always wrong,
34
119198
3420
ืื– ื”ืกื˜ื•ืื™ืงื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืขืก ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื’ื•ื™,
02:02
since it causes pain and is ultimately futile.
35
122618
2920
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืื‘ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช.
02:05
The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher ลšฤntideva
36
125830
3545
ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื˜ื™ื“ื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช
02:09
also questioned our free will and the value of anger,
37
129375
3253
ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื’ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืขืจืš ื”ื›ืขืก,
02:12
arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions,
38
132837
4171
ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื,
02:17
we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us.
39
137091
4088
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื ืœืชืช ืœื›ืขืกื ื•ืœืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืืœื™ื ื•.
02:21
But even if itโ€™s hard for us to control our anger,
40
141554
2753
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืขืก ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ
02:24
there might be something we can learn from it.
41
144307
2168
ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื•.
02:26
Philosopher PF Strawsonโ€™s theory of reactive attitudes
42
146475
3295
ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ืค.ืค ืกื˜ืจื•ืกื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช
02:29
suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology
43
149770
3963
ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื›ืขืก ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
02:33
that helps us communicate blame and hold each other accountable.
44
153816
3212
ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื ื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืืฉืžื” ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
02:37
In this model, anger can be an important part
45
157486
2545
ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื”, ื›ืขืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘
02:40
of letting us know when something immoral is happening,
46
160031
2627
ื‘ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืงื•ืจื”,
02:42
so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities.
47
162658
4088
ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกืจืชื• ืชืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:47
But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky.
48
167371
4088
ืืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืื•ืชื ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ ืื–ืขืงื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช.
02:51
For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children,
49
171751
4588
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
02:56
it might be natural to feel anger,
50
176422
2085
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืขืก,
02:58
but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes
51
178507
2420
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
03:00
like those of fully formed adults.
52
180927
1793
ื›ืžื• ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
03:02
So when should you act on anger?
53
182720
1960
ืื– ืžืชื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืขืก?
03:04
And can it ever help change things for the better?
54
184805
2420
ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”?
03:07
Let's imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues
55
187475
3170
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช
03:10
because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply.
56
190645
3211
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคืขืœ ืกืžื•ืš ืžื–ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื.
03:14
A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger
57
194106
3838
ืžืกื•ืจืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืขืก ื”ืžื•ืฆื“ืง
03:17
often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice
58
197944
2836
ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื•ืœ
03:20
can be invaluable for fueling change and motivating community action.
59
200780
4421
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืกื•ืœื ื‘ืคื– ืœืชื“ืœื•ืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช.
03:25
In unjust situations like this,
60
205409
1961
ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
03:27
it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger,
61
207370
2419
ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืœื“ื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ืขืก ืฉืœื›ื,
03:29
instead of channeling it into positive action.
62
209789
2461
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
03:32
But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element
63
212500
3670
ืืš ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ืขืก ื™ืฉ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”
03:36
that limits its transformative power.
64
216170
2461
ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
03:39
Philosopher Martha Nussbaum pointed out that famous civil rights activists
65
219090
3670
ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžืจืชื” ื ื•ืกื‘ืื•ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื— ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื
03:42
such as Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Martin Luther King Jr
66
222760
3921
ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื“ื™, ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ื•ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ื’โ€™ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ
03:46
warned that giving yourself over to even the most righteous anger
67
226681
3503
ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืขืก ื”ืฆื•ื“ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:50
can lead one to become bitter, vengeful, or hateful of others.
68
230184
4004
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจ, ื ืงืžื ื™ ืื• ืฉื•ื ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:54
They cautioned that we should carefully calibrate our emotional responses
69
234647
3462
ื”ื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:58
to ensure that we see others not as enemies
70
238109
2210
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื
04:00
but as community members with whom we must learn to coexist,
71
240444
3295
ืืœื ื›ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ืชื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“,
04:03
regardless of our ever-changing emotions.
72
243864
2420
ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7