Mysteries of vernacular: Fizzle - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

36,979 views ใƒป 2013-07-19

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
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Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™:
00:08
Fizzle,
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ืคื™ื–ืœ (ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ),
00:10
to end weakly
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ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฉื”
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or to fail,
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ,
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to die out.
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ืœื’ื•ื•ืข.
00:14
The definition of fizzle
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ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ืœ
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likely links back to the Old English word fist,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ืœื” ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื” ืคื™ืกื˜,
00:19
which meant stink.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ.
00:21
In the mid-fifteenth century,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื”,
00:23
fist developed into the verb fisten,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืคื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
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to break wind,
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ืœื”ืคืœื™ืฅ,
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which eventually lead to the modern word feisty,
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ื™,
00:31
but that's another story.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
00:33
In its earliest form,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœื”,
00:35
as a variant of fisten,
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ื›ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
00:37
fizzle had a very specific meaning:
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ืœืคื™ื–ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช:
00:39
to break wind without noise.
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ืœื”ืคืœื™ืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ืฆืœื™ืœ.
00:42
Surprisingly, considering this initial definition,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช,
00:45
by the 1800s, the word fizzle referred instead
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ืขื“ ื”ืžืื” ื” 19, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืคื™ื–ืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื
00:49
to a specific sound,
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ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™,
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rather graphically,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืคื™,
00:52
to the sputtering or hissing of a gas or liquid
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ืœืคื™ืขืคื•ืข ืื• ืจื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื– ืื• ื ื•ื–ืœ
00:56
being forced out of a narrow opening.
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ืฉื ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ืฆืจ.
00:59
The figurative sense of the word,
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ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”,
01:01
a weak ending,
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ืกื™ื•ื ื—ืœื•ืฉ,
01:02
is thus understandable within the context
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ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ
01:05
of a flame consuming the last drops of oil in a lantern
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœื” ืืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื•ืจื”
01:09
or a valve drawing out the contents
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ืื• ืฉืกืชื•ื ืฉื•ืื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ
01:11
of the bottom of a cask.
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ืฉืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืช.
01:13
Though perhaps not derived directly
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
01:15
from this subsiding verb,
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ืžื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ืœืฉ,
01:17
our modern meaning of fizzle
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืคื™ื–ืœ
01:19
developed as slang in the 1800s.
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื›ืกืœื ื’ ื‘ืžืื” ื” 19.
01:21
Originally used on college campuses
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช
01:24
to describe failure,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ,
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specifically on an exam,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ,
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it wasn't long before the word came to mean
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ื–ื” ืœื ืœืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืžื™ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
01:30
exactly what it does today
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
01:32
and was quickly and widely adopted.
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ื•ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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