How augmented reality could change the future of surgery | Nadine Hachach-Haram

89,319 views ・ 2018-01-10

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Wang Leung Lee
00:12
According to the theories of human social development,
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根據人類社會發展的理論,
00:15
we're now living through the fourth great epoch
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我們現在正處在技術進展的
00:17
of technological advancement,
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第四個重要時期:
00:20
the Information Age.
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「資訊時代」。
00:22
Connectivity through digital technology is a modern miracle.
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透過數位技術造成的連結性, 是現代的奇蹟。
00:25
We can say it has broken down barriers of time and space which separate people,
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我們可以說,原本會讓人分離的 時間空間阻礙,都被它打破了,
00:31
and it's created a condition for an age
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它所創造的時代中,
00:32
where information, ideas can be shared freely.
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資訊、想法都能自由分享。
00:37
But are these great accomplishments in digital technology
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但這些數位技術的偉大成就已近尾聲,
00:40
really the endgame in terms of what can be achieved?
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不能再達成更多了嗎?
00:43
I don't think so,
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我不認為如此,
00:45
and today I'd like to share with you
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而今天我想要和各位分享
00:46
how I believe digital technology can take us to even greater heights.
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我為何相信數位技術 可以帶我們再上一層樓。
00:51
I'm a surgeon by profession,
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我的職業是外科醫生,
00:53
and as I stand here today talking to all of you,
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今天我站在這裡和各位說話的同時,
00:56
five billion people around the world lack access to safe surgical care.
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全世界有五十億人無法 取得安全的手術護理。
01:00
Five billion people.
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五十億人。
01:03
That's 70 percent of the world's population,
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那是世界人口的 70%,
01:05
who according to the WHO's Lancet Commission
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世界衛生組織的柳葉刀委員會指出,
01:08
can't even access simple surgical procedures
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他們甚至在需要簡單外科手術時,
01:11
as and when they need them.
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都求助無門。
01:13
Let's zoom in on Sierra Leone,
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讓我們來看看獅子山共和國,
01:15
a country of six million people,
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這個國家有六百萬人口,
01:18
where a recent study showed that there are only 10 qualified surgeons.
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一項近期研究指出, 只有十個合格的外科醫生。
01:22
That's one surgeon for every 600,000 people.
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也就是說每六十萬人 才有一個外科醫生。
01:26
The numbers are staggering,
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這些數字很嚇人,
01:28
and we don't even need to look that far.
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而我們甚至不用看那麼遙遠。
01:31
If we look around us here in the US,
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如果我們看看我們所在的美國,
01:33
a recent study reported that we need an extra 100,000 surgeons by 2030
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一項近期研究指出,到 2030 年 我們還需要再增加十萬名外科醫生,
01:38
to just keep up with the demand for routine surgical procedures.
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這樣才能剛好追上 例行外科手術的需求。
01:42
At the rate that we're going, we won't be meeting those numbers.
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以目前的比率來看, 我們無法達成那個數字。
01:47
As a surgeon, this is a global issue that bothers me.
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身為外科醫生, 這個全球議題讓我困擾。
01:50
It bothers me a lot,
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它讓我很困擾,
01:51
because I've seen firsthand
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因為我曾經第一手見過,
01:53
how lack of access to safe and affordable healthcare
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無法取得安全且能負擔的健康照護
01:56
can blight the lives of ordinary people.
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會如何摧殘一般人的生命。
01:58
If you're a patient that needs an operation
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如果你是需要動手術的病人,
02:01
and there isn't a surgeon available,
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卻沒有外科醫生有空,
02:02
you're left with some really difficult choices:
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你就得要做出非常困難的抉擇:
02:05
to wait, to travel,
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等候、到其他地方,
02:09
or not to have an operation at all.
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或完全不要動手術。
02:12
So what's the answer?
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所以答案是什麼?
02:15
Well, part of you are carrying some of that solution with you today:
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在座有些人今天已把 一部份的解決方案帶在身上了:
02:19
a smartphone, a tablet, a computer.
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智慧手機、平板電腦、電腦。
02:23
Because for me,
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因為,對我來說,
02:24
digital communications technology has the power to do so much more
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數位通訊技術能夠做到的
02:28
than just to allow us to shop online,
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遠遠超過線上購物、
02:30
to connect through social media platforms and to stay up to date.
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透過社交媒體平台連結, 及取得最新資訊。
02:34
It has the power to help us solve some of the key issues that we face,
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它有能力協助我們解決一些 我們面臨的關鍵議題,
02:39
like lack of access to vital surgical services.
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比如無法取得攸關生死的手術服務。
今天我想要和各位分享個例子,
02:42
And today I'd like to share with you
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02:44
an example of how I think we can make that possible.
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來說明我們要如何實現那個想法。
02:47
The history of surgery is filled with breakthroughs
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手術的歷史充滿了突破,
02:49
in how science and technology was able to help the surgeons of the day
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在於科學與技術協助當時的外科醫生
面對最大挑戰的方式上不斷突破。
02:53
face their greatest challenges.
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02:54
If we go back several hundred years,
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如果回到數百年前,
02:56
an understanding of microbiology
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對於微生物學的了解
02:58
led to the development of antiseptic techniques,
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造成了防腐抗菌技術的發展,
03:00
which played a big role in making sure
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對於確保病人在手術後還能
03:02
patients were able to stay alive postsurgery.
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生存下來,這項技術非常重要。
03:05
Fast-forward a few hundred years
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稍微快轉幾百年,
03:06
and we developed keyhole or arthroscopic surgery,
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我們發展出了微創或關節鏡手術,
03:09
which combines video technology and precision instruments
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結合了影像技術和精準的工具
03:12
to make surgery less invasive.
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來降低手術的侵入性。
03:15
And more recently, a lot of you will be aware of robotic surgery,
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更近期,許多人 可能聽過機器人手術,
03:19
and what robotics brings to surgery is much like modern automated machinery,
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機器人學帶給手術的 是類似現代自動化機械裝置、
03:23
ultraprecision,
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超精度、
03:25
the ability to carry out procedures at the tiniest scales
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進行最小精準度手術的能力,
03:29
with a degree of accuracy that even surpasses the human hand.
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比人類雙手能達到的精準度更高。
03:34
But robotic surgery also introduced something else to surgery:
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但,機器人手術還為手術 帶來了一個新想法:
03:38
the idea that a surgeon
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外科醫生不見得
03:39
doesn't actually have to be standing at the patient's bedside to deliver care,
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一定得要站在病人的床邊進行照護,
03:44
that he could be looking at a screen
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他可以看著螢幕,
03:46
and instructing a robot through a computer.
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透過電腦來指示機器人進行。
03:49
We call this remote surgery.
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我們稱之為遙控手術。
03:54
It is incumbent on us
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我們有責任要找到成本效益高
03:56
to find solutions that solve these answers in a cost-effective and scalable way,
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又可擴展的方法來解決這些答案,
04:01
so that everyone, no matter where they are in the world,
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才能讓每個人, 不論在世界的哪個角落,
04:03
can have these problems addressed.
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都能處理這些問題。
04:06
So what if I told you
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如果我告訴各位,
04:08
that you didn't really need a million-dollar robot
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並不需要一台造價百萬美金的機器人
04:10
to provide remote surgery?
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也能做到遙控手術,如何?
04:12
That all you needed was a phone, a tablet, or a computer,
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你只需要一隻手機、 一台平板電腦或電腦、
04:17
an internet connection,
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網路連線、
04:19
a confident colleague on the ground
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一個有信心的同事在手術室裡,
04:21
and one magic ingredient:
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還有一項魔法成份:
04:24
an augmented reality collaboration software.
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擴增實境協同作業軟體。
04:28
Using this augmented reality collaboration software,
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用這個擴增實境協同作業軟體,
04:30
an expert surgeon can now virtually transport himself
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專業外科醫生就可以用 虛擬的方式將他自己
04:33
into any clinical setting
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傳送到任何臨床場景中,
04:35
simply by using his phone or tablet or computer,
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只要用他的手機、平板或電腦即可,
04:38
and he can visually and practically interact in an operation
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他可以在一次手術中, 從頭到尾,做視覺上
04:41
from start to finish,
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和實際上的互動,
04:43
guiding and mentoring a local doctor through the procedure step by step.
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一步一步引導和指導 當地的醫生完成手術。
04:47
Well, enough of me telling you about it.
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各位應該聽我說夠了,
04:50
I'd now like to show you.
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現在讓我來展示給各位看。
04:54
We're now going to go live to Dr. Marc Tompkins,
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我們現在要跟馬克湯普金斯 醫生做現場連線,
04:57
an orthopedic surgeon at the University of Minnesota.
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他是明尼蘇達大學的整形外科醫生。
05:01
He's going to perform an arthroscopic surgery for us,
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他將為我們進行一項關節鏡手術,
05:04
a keyhole surgery of the knee,
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膝蓋的微創手術,
05:06
and I'd like to disclose
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我想要公開說明,
05:08
that this patient has consented to having their operation streamed.
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這位病人同意讓這次的 手術影片被傳輸過來。
05:14
I'd also like to point out that in the interest of time,
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我也要先說明,因為時間的緣故,
05:16
we're just going to go through the first steps,
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我們只會做前面幾個步驟,
05:18
marking up the patient
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給病人做標記,
05:20
and just identifying a few key anatomical landmarks.
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以及找出幾個關鍵的解剖學位置。
05:24
Hello, Dr. Tompkins, can you hear me?
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哈囉,湯普金斯醫生,聽得見嗎?
05:28
Dr. Mark Tompkins: Good morning, Nadine.
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馬克湯普金斯醫生:早安,娜汀。
05:30
Nadine Hachach-Haram: Everyone from TED says hello.
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娜汀哈恰奇哈蘭: TED 的大家說哈囉。
05:32
Audience: Hi.
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觀眾:嗨。
05:36
NHH: Alright, Dr. Tompkins, let's get started.
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娜汀:好,湯普金斯醫生, 我們開始吧。
05:38
So let's start with our incisions and where we're going to make these,
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我們先從切口開始,
而切口的位置是在膝蓋肌腱的兩側。
05:41
on either side of the patellar tendon.
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05:43
So if you can make your incisions there and there,
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如果你能在那裡和那裡做切口,
05:47
that should hopefully get us into the knee.
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希望那樣能讓我們進入膝蓋。
05:51
MT: All right, I'm going in.
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馬克:好,我要進入了。
05:53
NHH: Great.
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娜汀:很好。
05:57
So we're just getting inside the joint now.
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我們現在進入了關節內部。
06:02
So why don't we go around and have a quick look at the meniscus.
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我們何不繞過去 快速看一下半月軟骨。
06:07
MT: Perfect.
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馬克:好極了。
06:11
NHH: Great, so we can see there's a small tear there on the meniscus,
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娜汀:很好,所以我們能看到 半月軟骨上的這裡有個小撕裂傷,
06:15
but otherwise it looks alright.
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其他地方看起來都還好。
06:18
And if you turn and head to this direction,
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如果你轉動一下,朝向這個方向,
06:21
follow my finger,
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跟著我的手指,
06:22
let's have a quick look at the ACL and the PCL.
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咱們來快速看看 前十字韌帶跟後十字韌帶。
06:26
That's your ACL there, that looks quite healthy,
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那是前十字韌帶,看起來很健康,
06:29
no problems there.
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那裡沒問題。
06:31
So we've just identified that small meniscus tear there,
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我們剛剛已經看到了那邊 半月軟骨上的小撕裂傷,
06:34
but otherwise the fluid around the joint looks OK as well.
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此外,關節周圍的液體 看起來也沒問題。
06:38
All right, thank you very much, Dr. Tompkins. Thank you for your time.
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好的,非常謝謝你的時間, 湯普金斯醫生。
06:42
I'll let you continue.
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我就讓你繼續了。
06:43
Have a good day. Bye.
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祝今天愉快,再見。
06:46
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:54
So I hope through this simple demonstration
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我希望透過這次簡單的展示,
06:56
I was able to illustrate to you just how powerful this technology can be.
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能夠向各位說明 這項技術能有多強大。
07:00
And I'd like to point out that I wasn't using any special equipment,
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我要強調,我沒使用任何特殊裝備,
只有我的筆記型電腦 和很簡單的網路攝影機。
07:04
just my laptop and a really simple webcam.
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07:06
We're so used to using digital technology
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我們非常習慣使用數位技術,
07:08
to communicate through voice and text and video,
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透過聲音、文字、影像做溝通,
07:11
but augmented reality can do something so much deeper.
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但擴增實境能做的事更深許多。
07:15
It allows two people to virtually interact
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它讓兩個人能夠 以虛擬的方式做互動,
07:17
in a way that mimics how they would collaborate in person.
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模仿他們面對面時的協同作業方式。
07:21
Being able to show someone what you want to do,
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能夠讓對方知道你想要做什麼,
07:23
to illustrate and demonstrate and gesture,
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能夠圖解、展示、用動作示意,
07:25
is so much more powerful than just telling them.
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遠比單單告訴對方要強大得多。
07:28
And it can make for such a great learning tool,
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它能成為非常棒的學習工具,
07:31
because we learn better through direct experience.
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因為直接經驗能讓學習更有效。
07:34
So how is this making a difference around the world?
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所以,這要如何 在世界各地造成不同?
07:36
Well, back in my teaching hospital,
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回到我的教學醫院,
07:38
we've been using this to support local district general hospitals
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我們一直在用它來支援 當地的地方綜合醫院,
07:41
and providing skin cancer surgery and trauma treatment.
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提供皮膚癌手術以及創傷治療。
07:44
Now, patients can access care at a local level.
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病人只要在地方的層級 就能取得照護。
07:48
This reduces their travel time, improves their access,
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這樣能減少他們的交通時間, 改善他們的使用,
07:51
and saves money.
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還可以省錢。
07:53
We've even started seeing its use in wound care management with nurses
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它甚至開始被用在護士的 傷口照護管理上,
07:57
and in outpatient management.
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以及門診病人管理。
07:58
Most recently, and quite exciting,
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最近,很讓人興奮的是,
08:00
it was used in supporting a surgeon through a cancer removal of a kidney.
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它被用來支援一位外科醫生, 進行癌症的腎臟切除手術。
08:06
And I'd like to just share with you a very quick video here.
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我想快速和各位分享一下影片。
08:09
I apologize for some of the gruesome views.
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很抱歉會有一些可怕的畫面。
08:14
(Video) Doctor 1: OK. Show me again.
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(影片)醫生 #1: 好,再讓我看一次。
08:17
Doctor 2: If you see here,
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醫生 #2:你看這裡,
08:19
that's the upper part, the most outer part of your tumor.
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那是上半部, 你的腫瘤最外面的部份。
08:23
Doctor 1: Yes.
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醫生 #1:是的。
08:25
Doctor 2: So it's three centimeters deep,
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醫生 #2:它的深度有 3cm,
08:28
so this should be three centimeters.
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這應該是 3cm。
08:30
Doctor 1: Yes, yes.
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醫生 #1:是,是的。
08:32
Doctor 2: OK, so you need to get a 3.5 margin.
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醫生 #2:好,所以你得要 切除 3.5 公分,餘地才夠。
08:37
Doctor 1: I'm going to show you anyway
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醫生 #1:總之,我會做給你看,
08:39
and tell me what you think about it.
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告訴我你認為如何。
08:42
NHH: We're also seeing the use of this technology at a global scale,
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娜汀:我們也看到這項技術 被用到全球的規模,
08:46
and one of the most heartwarming stories I can recall
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我所記得最暖心的故事之一,
08:48
is from the town of Trujillo in the north of Lima in Peru,
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來自秘魯利馬北邊的楚黑歐小鎮,
08:52
where this technology was used to support the provision
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當這項技術被用來支援
08:55
of cleft lip and palate surgery to children,
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孩童的唇裂與顎裂手術,
08:58
children from poor backgrounds who didn't have access to health insurance.
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幫助來自貧窮背景 且沒有健康保險的孩童。
09:02
And in this town, there was a hospital with one surgeon
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在這小鎮有一間醫院, 只有一位外科醫生
09:05
working hard to provide this care,
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很努力在提供這項照護,
09:06
Dr. Soraya.
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索瑞亞醫生。
09:08
Now, Dr. Soraya was struggling under the sheer demand
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索瑞亞醫生很辛苦,
因為當地人口的需求太大了,
09:11
of her local population,
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09:12
as well as the fact that she wasn't specifically trained in this procedure.
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且她本身並沒有特別 受過這項手術的訓練。
09:16
And so, with the help of a charity,
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所以,靠一個慈善團體協助,
09:18
we were able to connect her with a cleft surgeon in California,
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我們得以讓她和加州的 一位唇裂外科醫生連結上,
09:21
and using this technology, he was able to guide her and her colleagues
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用這項技術,他能夠 指導她和她的同事
09:25
through the procedure step by step,
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一步一步完成手術,
09:26
guiding them, training them and teaching them.
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引導他們、訓練他們、教導他們。
09:28
Within a few months,
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幾個月之內,
09:30
they were able to perform 30 percent more operations
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他們能夠進行的手術 數目多了 30%,
09:32
with less and less complications.
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且併發症也越來越少了。
09:34
And now Dr. Soraya and her team can perform these operations
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現在,索瑞亞醫生和 她的小組有足夠能力
09:38
independently, competently and confidently.
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能獨立且有信心地進行這些手術。
09:42
And I remember one quote from a mother who said,
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我記得有位母親說過:
09:44
"This technology gave my daughter her smile."
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「這項技術把微笑帶給我的女兒。」
09:48
For me, this is the real power of this technology.
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對我來說,這就是 這項技術真正的力量。
09:51
The beauty is that it breaks boundaries.
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美好之處在於它跨越了國界。
09:54
It transcends all technological difficulties.
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它超越了所有技術困難。
09:58
It connects people. It democratizes access.
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它把人連結在一起, 讓大家都有使用機會。
10:02
Wi-Fi and mobile technology are growing rapidly,
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無線上網和行動技術正在快速成長,
10:04
and they should play a role in boosting surgical provision.
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它們應該要在推動 手術提供上有所貢獻。
10:07
We've even seen it used in conflict zones where there's considerable risk
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我們曾經看過它被用在 衝突地區,在那裡,
10:10
in getting specialist surgeons to certain locations.
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要專業外科醫生送到 某些特定地點是很危險的。
10:13
In a world where there are more mobile devices
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在這個世界上,
手機數比人類數還多,
10:16
than there are human beings,
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10:18
it truly has a global reach.
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它真的能觸及全球。
10:20
Of course, we've still got a long way
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當然,還有很長的路要走,
10:22
before we can solve the problem of getting surgery to five billion people,
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才能解決要把手術 帶給五十億人的問題,
10:26
and unfortunately,
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不幸的是,
10:27
some people still don't have access to internet.
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有些人還無法取得網路連結。
10:30
But things are rapidly moving in the right direction.
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但,現狀正在快速 朝正確的方向發展。
10:34
The potential for change is there.
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改變的潛力就在那裡。
10:36
My team and I are growing our global footprint,
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我和我的團隊在全球 留下越來越多的足跡,
10:39
and we're starting to see the potential of this technology.
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我們才剛開始看到這項技術的潛力。
10:44
Through digital technology,
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透過數位技術,
10:46
through simple, everyday devices that we take for granted,
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透過被我們視為理所當然 的簡單日常裝置,
10:49
through devices of the future,
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透過未來的裝置,
10:51
we can really do miraculous things.
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我們真的能做出很了不起的事。
10:54
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:55
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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