How augmented reality could change the future of surgery | Nadine Hachach-Haram

89,371 views ・ 2018-01-10

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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According to the theories of human social development,
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we're now living through the fourth great epoch
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of technological advancement,
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the Information Age.
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Connectivity through digital technology is a modern miracle.
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We can say it has broken down barriers of time and space which separate people,
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and it's created a condition for an age
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where information, ideas can be shared freely.
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But are these great accomplishments in digital technology
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really the endgame in terms of what can be achieved?
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I don't think so,
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and today I'd like to share with you
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how I believe digital technology can take us to even greater heights.
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I'm a surgeon by profession,
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and as I stand here today talking to all of you,
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five billion people around the world lack access to safe surgical care.
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Five billion people.
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That's 70 percent of the world's population,
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who according to the WHO's Lancet Commission
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can't even access simple surgical procedures
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as and when they need them.
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Let's zoom in on Sierra Leone,
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a country of six million people,
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where a recent study showed that there are only 10 qualified surgeons.
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That's one surgeon for every 600,000 people.
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The numbers are staggering,
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and we don't even need to look that far.
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If we look around us here in the US,
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a recent study reported that we need an extra 100,000 surgeons by 2030
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to just keep up with the demand for routine surgical procedures.
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At the rate that we're going, we won't be meeting those numbers.
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As a surgeon, this is a global issue that bothers me.
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It bothers me a lot,
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because I've seen firsthand
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how lack of access to safe and affordable healthcare
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can blight the lives of ordinary people.
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If you're a patient that needs an operation
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and there isn't a surgeon available,
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you're left with some really difficult choices:
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to wait, to travel,
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or not to have an operation at all.
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So what's the answer?
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Well, part of you are carrying some of that solution with you today:
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a smartphone, a tablet, a computer.
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Because for me,
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digital communications technology has the power to do so much more
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than just to allow us to shop online,
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to connect through social media platforms and to stay up to date.
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It has the power to help us solve some of the key issues that we face,
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like lack of access to vital surgical services.
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And today I'd like to share with you
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an example of how I think we can make that possible.
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The history of surgery is filled with breakthroughs
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in how science and technology was able to help the surgeons of the day
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face their greatest challenges.
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If we go back several hundred years,
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an understanding of microbiology
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led to the development of antiseptic techniques,
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which played a big role in making sure
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patients were able to stay alive postsurgery.
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Fast-forward a few hundred years
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and we developed keyhole or arthroscopic surgery,
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which combines video technology and precision instruments
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to make surgery less invasive.
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And more recently, a lot of you will be aware of robotic surgery,
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and what robotics brings to surgery is much like modern automated machinery,
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ultraprecision,
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the ability to carry out procedures at the tiniest scales
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with a degree of accuracy that even surpasses the human hand.
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But robotic surgery also introduced something else to surgery:
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the idea that a surgeon
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doesn't actually have to be standing at the patient's bedside to deliver care,
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that he could be looking at a screen
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and instructing a robot through a computer.
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We call this remote surgery.
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It is incumbent on us
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to find solutions that solve these answers in a cost-effective and scalable way,
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so that everyone, no matter where they are in the world,
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can have these problems addressed.
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So what if I told you
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that you didn't really need a million-dollar robot
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to provide remote surgery?
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That all you needed was a phone, a tablet, or a computer,
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an internet connection,
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a confident colleague on the ground
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and one magic ingredient:
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an augmented reality collaboration software.
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Using this augmented reality collaboration software,
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an expert surgeon can now virtually transport himself
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into any clinical setting
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simply by using his phone or tablet or computer,
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and he can visually and practically interact in an operation
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from start to finish,
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guiding and mentoring a local doctor through the procedure step by step.
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Well, enough of me telling you about it.
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I'd now like to show you.
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We're now going to go live to Dr. Marc Tompkins,
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an orthopedic surgeon at the University of Minnesota.
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He's going to perform an arthroscopic surgery for us,
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a keyhole surgery of the knee,
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and I'd like to disclose
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that this patient has consented to having their operation streamed.
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I'd also like to point out that in the interest of time,
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we're just going to go through the first steps,
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marking up the patient
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and just identifying a few key anatomical landmarks.
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Hello, Dr. Tompkins, can you hear me?
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Dr. Mark Tompkins: Good morning, Nadine.
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Nadine Hachach-Haram: Everyone from TED says hello.
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Audience: Hi.
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NHH: Alright, Dr. Tompkins, let's get started.
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So let's start with our incisions and where we're going to make these,
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on either side of the patellar tendon.
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So if you can make your incisions there and there,
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that should hopefully get us into the knee.
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MT: All right, I'm going in.
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NHH: Great.
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So we're just getting inside the joint now.
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So why don't we go around and have a quick look at the meniscus.
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MT: Perfect.
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NHH: Great, so we can see there's a small tear there on the meniscus,
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but otherwise it looks alright.
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And if you turn and head to this direction,
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follow my finger,
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let's have a quick look at the ACL and the PCL.
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That's your ACL there, that looks quite healthy,
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no problems there.
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So we've just identified that small meniscus tear there,
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but otherwise the fluid around the joint looks OK as well.
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All right, thank you very much, Dr. Tompkins. Thank you for your time.
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I'll let you continue.
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Have a good day. Bye.
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(Applause)
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So I hope through this simple demonstration
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I was able to illustrate to you just how powerful this technology can be.
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And I'd like to point out that I wasn't using any special equipment,
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just my laptop and a really simple webcam.
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We're so used to using digital technology
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to communicate through voice and text and video,
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but augmented reality can do something so much deeper.
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It allows two people to virtually interact
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in a way that mimics how they would collaborate in person.
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Being able to show someone what you want to do,
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to illustrate and demonstrate and gesture,
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is so much more powerful than just telling them.
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And it can make for such a great learning tool,
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because we learn better through direct experience.
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So how is this making a difference around the world?
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Well, back in my teaching hospital,
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we've been using this to support local district general hospitals
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and providing skin cancer surgery and trauma treatment.
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Now, patients can access care at a local level.
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This reduces their travel time, improves their access,
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and saves money.
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We've even started seeing its use in wound care management with nurses
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and in outpatient management.
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Most recently, and quite exciting,
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it was used in supporting a surgeon through a cancer removal of a kidney.
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And I'd like to just share with you a very quick video here.
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I apologize for some of the gruesome views.
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(Video) Doctor 1: OK. Show me again.
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Doctor 2: If you see here,
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that's the upper part, the most outer part of your tumor.
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Doctor 1: Yes.
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Doctor 2: So it's three centimeters deep,
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so this should be three centimeters.
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Doctor 1: Yes, yes.
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Doctor 2: OK, so you need to get a 3.5 margin.
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Doctor 1: I'm going to show you anyway
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and tell me what you think about it.
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NHH: We're also seeing the use of this technology at a global scale,
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and one of the most heartwarming stories I can recall
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is from the town of Trujillo in the north of Lima in Peru,
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where this technology was used to support the provision
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of cleft lip and palate surgery to children,
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children from poor backgrounds who didn't have access to health insurance.
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And in this town, there was a hospital with one surgeon
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working hard to provide this care,
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Dr. Soraya.
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Now, Dr. Soraya was struggling under the sheer demand
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of her local population,
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as well as the fact that she wasn't specifically trained in this procedure.
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And so, with the help of a charity,
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we were able to connect her with a cleft surgeon in California,
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and using this technology, he was able to guide her and her colleagues
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through the procedure step by step,
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guiding them, training them and teaching them.
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Within a few months,
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they were able to perform 30 percent more operations
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with less and less complications.
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And now Dr. Soraya and her team can perform these operations
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independently, competently and confidently.
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And I remember one quote from a mother who said,
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"This technology gave my daughter her smile."
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For me, this is the real power of this technology.
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The beauty is that it breaks boundaries.
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It transcends all technological difficulties.
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It connects people. It democratizes access.
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Wi-Fi and mobile technology are growing rapidly,
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and they should play a role in boosting surgical provision.
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We've even seen it used in conflict zones where there's considerable risk
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in getting specialist surgeons to certain locations.
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In a world where there are more mobile devices
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than there are human beings,
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it truly has a global reach.
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Of course, we've still got a long way
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before we can solve the problem of getting surgery to five billion people,
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and unfortunately,
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some people still don't have access to internet.
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But things are rapidly moving in the right direction.
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The potential for change is there.
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My team and I are growing our global footprint,
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and we're starting to see the potential of this technology.
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Through digital technology,
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through simple, everyday devices that we take for granted,
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through devices of the future,
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we can really do miraculous things.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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