David Macaulay: All roads lead to Rome Antics

翻译人员: Miao Li 校对人员: Chunlei Chang

I draw to better understand things.

我画画是为了把事情弄得更明白

Sometimes I make a lot of drawings

有时候画得很多

and I still don't understand what it is I'm drawing.

却不明白自己究竟画的是什么。

Those of you who are comfortable with digital stuff

你们中间喜欢用数码产品的

and even smug about that relationship might be amused to know

甚至是以此为豪的人，可能听了我说会吃惊：

that the guy who is best known for "The Way Things Work,"

我因为画了《傻瓜通科技》出了点名，

while preparing for part of a panel for called Understanding,

可是在准备这书的座谈会的时候

spent two days trying to get his laptop to communicate with his new CD burner.

自己花了两天才让电脑和刻录机愿意合作。

Who knew about extension managers?

你们谁知道什么“扩展程序管理器”？

I've always managed my own extensions

我从来都是自己折腾这些插件

so it never even occurred to me to read the instructions,

就从来没想过去读说明书

but I did finally figure it out. I had to figure it out,

不过倒是自己摸索出来了，不然怎么行呢

because along with the invitation

因为在每次受邀参加活动的同时

came the frightening reminder that there would be no projector,

都要得到一个可怕的提醒：现场可没有录像放映机

so bringing those carousels would no longer be necessary

所以我的转盘带子就白带了

but some alternate form of communication would.

不得不用其他法子。

Now, I could talk about something that I'm known for,

我本可以谈谈我的成名作品

something that would be particularly appropriate

可是它看起来似乎

for many of the more technically minded people here,

更适合留心科技的人们

or I could talk about something I really care about.

要么我可以谈我在乎的东西

I decided to go with the latter.

我决定选择后者。

I'm going to talk about Rome.

我的话题是罗马。

Now, why would I care about Rome, particularly?

为什么是罗马不是别的什么呢？

Well, I went to Rhode Island School of Design

这么说吧，我在罗德岛设计学院读的建筑

in the second half of the '60s to study architecture.

那还是60年代下半段的事

I was lucky enough to spend my last year, my fifth year,

够幸运的是：我临毕业那年，就是第五年

in Rome as a student. It changed my life.

是在罗马度过的。这改变了我的一生。

Not the least reason was the fact that I had spent those first four years living at home,

挺重要的一点是改变了我上学在家两点一线的生活--

driving into RISD everyday, driving back.

开车去学校，再开回来。

I missed the '60s. I read about them; (Laughter)

我想念60年代。有时还读写60年代的书

I understand they were pretty interesting. I missed them,

那是个有趣的时代，真想念它。

but I did spend that extraordinary year in Rome,

在罗马的一年也是非比寻常。

and it's a place that is never far from my mind.

是个时常让我怀念的地方。

So, whenever given an opportunity,

一旦有点机会

I try to do something in it or with it or for it.

我就要在罗马，或者为罗马做点事儿

I also make drawings to help people understand things.

我画画来帮大家理解一些东西

Things that I want them to believe I understand.

希望人们相信我懂那些东西。

And that's what I do as an illustrator,

这就是插图画家的工作。

that's my job.

我的本行。

So, I'm going to show you some pictures of Rome.

所以让你们看看罗马的一些画

I've made a lot of drawings of Rome over the years.

这些年来我画了许多罗马的画

These are just drawings of Rome. I get back as often as possible --

画归画，我也尽量经常回罗马看看

I need to.

必须这样。

All different materials, all different styles, all different times,

那些不同的材料、风格、时期

drawings from sketchbooks looking at the details of Rome.

画画草图，注意罗马的各种细节

Part of the reason I'm showing you these

我给你们看这些或许因为

is that it sort of helps illustrate this process I go through

它们有助于解释我的经历

of trying to figure out what it is I feel about Rome and why I feel it.

表达我对罗马的感情和如此感受的原因。

These are sketches of some of the little details.

一些小细节就这样被记录下来。

Rome is a city full of surprises.

罗马是个充满惊奇的城市。

I mean, we're talking about unusual perspectives,

我这里指的是不寻常的观察角度

we're talking about narrow little winding streets

比如说蜿蜒的窄街

that suddenly open into vast, sun-drenched piazzas --

突然引向巨大的，满溢着阳光的广场--

never, though, piazzas that are not humanly scaled.

这些广场大得惊人

Part of the reason for that is the fact that they grew up organically.

或许因为人们让它有机地成长。

That amazing juxtaposition of old and new,

新与旧如此奇特地并立

the bits of light that come down between the buildings

建筑之间漏下的几线光芒

that sort of create a map that's traveling above your head of

似乎在你的脑海里产生一幅游动的地图--

usually blue -- especially in the summer --

通常是蓝色的，尤其在夏天--

compared to the map that you would normally expect to see

比起你平时在街上看到的

of conventional streets.

是如此得不同。

And I began to think about how I could communicate this in book form.

我寻思如何让读者身临其境。

How could I share my sense of Rome,

分享我这奇异的“罗马感”，

my understanding of Rome?

我所体会的罗马？

And I'm going to show you a bunch of dead ends, basically.

这是罗马的一些死胡同

The primary reason for all these dead ends is when

让你们知道在罗马

if you're not quite sure where you're going, you're certainly not going to get there

如果不熟悉路，恐怕很长时间

with any kind of efficiency.

也到不了目的地

Here's a little map. And I thought of maps at the beginning;

这是张小地图--开始我就想到了地图。

maybe I should just try and do a little atlas

或许该画一个小地理图

of my favorite streets and connections in Rome.

收录罗马城里我最爱的街巷

And here's a line of text that actually evolves

这儿的一行字我弄成了

from the exhaust of a scooter zipping across the page.

一辆小摩托车喷出的尾气

Here that same line of text wraps around a fountain

这行字转过了一座喷泉

in an illustration that can be turned upside down and read both ways.

这幅画正过来倒过去都行。

Maybe that line of text could be a story

这行字可以是一个故事

to help give some human aspect to this.

给这些图添上一些人性的温情。

Maybe I should get away from this map completely,

或许我应该抛开地图

and really be honest about wanting to show you my favorite bits and pieces of Rome

坦诚展示我偏爱的罗马的那些部分

and simply kick a soccer ball in the air --

就这么踢上一脚球，

which happens in so many of the squares in the city --

就像罗马许多广场上能看到的一样

and let it bounce off of things. And I'll simply explain

让它弹来弹去。而我来解释

what each of those things is that the soccer ball hits.

球弹到的不同东西。

That seemed like a sort of a cheap shot.

看起来像是个雕虫小技。

But even though I just started this presentation,

可是尽管我刚开始这么画，

this is not the first thing that I tried to do

这却不是我尝试的首个方案，

and I was getting sort of desperate.

我有点急得饥不择食了

Eventually, I realized that I had really no content that I could count on,

最终我发现没有什么可依赖的内容

so I decided to move towards packaging. (Laughter)

就决定把注意力转向包装

I mean, it seems to work for a lot of things.

对于好多小东西这招还挺奏效的。

So I thought a little box set of four small books might do the trick.

于是我想一个书箱装四本小书的设计挺巧的

But one of the ideas that emerged

但是后来产生的一个想法

from some of those sketches was the notion of traveling through Rome

是坐在不同交通工具上

in different vehicles at different speeds in order

用不同速度穿越罗马。

to show the different aspects of Rome.

展现罗马城的各个角度

Sort of an overview of Rome and the plan that you might see from a dirigible.

比如你在飞船上鸟瞰罗马的景象。

Quick snapshots of things you might see

或者边抢拍各种东西的照片

from a speeding motor scooter, and very slow

边在摩托上疾驰，或者是慢慢地看

walking through Rome, you might be able to study in more detail

步行于罗马，你能更细致入微地欣赏

some of the wonderful surfaces and whatnot that you come across.

那些美妙的线条和难以名状的东西

Anyways, I went back to the dirigible notion.

不管怎样，我回到了那个飞船的点子上

Went to Alberto Santos-Dumont.

找了找航空先驱杜蒙的资料

Found one of his dirigibles that had enough dimensions

找到了一个他设计的够大的飞行器

so I could actually use it as a scale

用它做一个标尺

that I would then juxtapose with some of the things in Rome.

和罗马城的东西放一块儿，显出它们的尺寸

This thing would be flying over or past

飞船就飞越或者从旁边飞过

or be parked in front of, but it would be like having a ruler --

或者停在它们前面，作用就像一把尺子--

sort of travel through the pages without being a ruler.

横穿全书--尽管不是尺子。

Not that you know how long number 11 actually is,

并不是要告诉你11号飞船有多长

but you would be able to compare number 11 against the Pantheon

而是你能把它和万神殿相对照

with number 11 against the Baths of Caracalla,

或者和卡拉卡拉浴室对照

and so on and so forth. If you were interested.

等等等等，如果你乐意的话。

This is Beatrix. She has a dog named Ajax,

这位是碧翠丝，她有只狗叫阿贾克斯。

she has purchased a dirigible -- a small dirigible --

她买了一艘飞船，小型飞船

she's assembling the structure,

她正在组装各部件。

Ajax is sniffing for holes in the balloon before they set off.

阿贾克斯钻进气球用鼻子检查有没有漏洞

She launches this thing above the Spanish Steps

她在西班牙阶梯上起飞

and sets off for an aerial tour of the city.

开始空中的环城旅行

Over the Spanish Steps we go.

我们就飞越了西班牙阶梯

A nice way to show that river, that stream sort of pouring down the hill.

这样展示山丘上淌下的河流小溪真好。

Unfortunately, just across the road from it

不走运的是，路对面刚好就是

or quite close by is the Column of Marcus Aurelius,

马可·奥略留记功柱

and the diameter of the dirigible makes an impression,

你现在知道飞船的直径有多大了

as you can see, as she starts trying to read the story that spirals around

正如你所见，她开始阅读记功柱上环绕的故事

the Column of Marcus Aurelius -- gets a little too close, nudges it.

靠得有点太近了，就碰了它一下

This gives me a chance to suggest to you the structure

这个场景让我能画出

of the Column of Marcus Aurelius,

马可·奥略留记功柱的结构

which is really no more than a pile of quarters

其实不比那一堆房子高

high -- thick quarters. Over the Piazza of Saint Ignacio,

又高又密的房子，在圣依那爵广场上空看来--

completely ruining the symmetry, but that aside

整个毁了对称感，可是除了这点--

a spectacular place to visit.

是个超棒的地方。

A spectacular framework, inside of which you see, usually,

广场是个超棒的画框，透过那里面，通常来说

extraordinary blue sky.

你看到特别蔚蓝的天。

Over the Pantheon and the 26-foot diameter Oculus.

在万神殿和它直径26英尺的天孔上方

She parks her dirigible, lowers the anchor rope

她停下飞船，放下缆绳

and climbs down for a closer look inside.

爬下来近距离地观察。

The text here is right side and upside down so that you are forced

文字从右起，又是上下颠倒的，你就不得不

to turn the book around, and you can see it from ground point of view

把书倒过来，于是你能从地面的角度

and from her point of view -- looking in the hole,

和她的角度，望向天孔

getting a different kind of perspective,

这倒是种别样的视角。

moving you around the space. Particularly appropriate in a building

这让你在空间中移动。而尤其适合

that can contain perfectly a sphere

在一幢正好包含着球体的建筑里，

dimensions of the diameter being the same

直径的尺度都和

as the distance from the center of the floor to the center of the Oculus.

从地面的中心到天孔的中心的距离相等。

Unfortunately for her, the anchor line gets tangled

有点不妙，缆绳缠在了

around the feet of some Boy Scouts who are visiting the Pantheon,

一些正在参观万神殿的童军的脚上

and they are immediately yanked out

他们立刻就被拽了出去

and given an extraordinary but terrifying tour

开始一段特别又惊险的观光旅程

of some of the domes of Rome, which would,

从他们的角度看来罗马城的石拱

from their point of view, naturally be hanging upside down.

自然而然就是上下颠倒的

They bail out as soon as they get to the top of Saint Ivo,

他们一到达圣依华教堂就下船了，

that little spiral structure you see there.

就是那个螺旋形的结构。

She continues on her way over Piazza Navona.

她则继续游览到了那佛那广场

Notices a lot of activity at the Tre Scalini restaurant,

在Tres Palini饭店看到一大群人

is reminded that it is lunchtime and she's hungry.

这提醒她该吃午饭了，她也饿了

They keep on motoring towards the Campo de' Fiori,

他们继续驶向鲜花广场，

which they soon reach. Ajax the dog is put in a basket

很快就到了。小狗阿贾克斯被放在篮子里

and lowered with a list of food into the marketplace,

吊下来，随身带了张食品采购清单就进了市场

which flourishes there until about one in the afternoon,

直到下午一点，市场都生意红火

and then is completely removed

接着一溜烟地就收摊了

and doesn't appear again until six or seven the following morning.

到第二天六七点才会回来。

Anyway, the pooch gets back to the dirigible with the stuff.

还别说，小狗还真把东西带回了飞船。

Unfortunately, when she goes to unwrap the prosciutto,

不幸的是当她撕开火腿包装的时候，

Ajax makes a lunge for it.

阿贾克斯扑了上来。

She's managed to save the prosciutto,

最终火腿倒是得救了，

but in the process she loses the tablecloth,

可是搏斗过程中桌布掉了下去

which you can see flying away in the upper left-hand corner.

你看它飘到左上角去了。

They continue without their tablecloth,

他们决定干脆就不要桌布吧，

looking for a place to land this thing so that they can actually have lunch.

于是想找个地方降落吃午饭。

They eventually discover a huge wall

最后发现了一堵巨墙

that's filled with small holes, ideal for docking a dirigible

上面都是小洞，用来停泊飞船挺理想的

because you've got a place to tie up.

因为你好系绳子。

Turns out to be the exterior wall --

回头发现那居然是

that part of it that remains -- of the Coliseum,

大竞技场残留的外墙。

so they park themselves there and have a terrific lunch

他们就在此停船，饱餐一顿

and have a spectacular view.

顺便欣赏美景。

At the end of lunch, they untie the anchor, they set off

吃过了饭，他们又起锚出发了

through the Baths of Caracalla and over the walls of the city

穿过卡拉卡拉浴室，飞越了城墙

and then an abandoned gatehouse

从一个废弃的门楼里面横贯而过。

and decide to take one more look at the Pyramid of Cestius,

接着又要去看一眼赛斯提乌斯的金字塔

which has this lightning rod on top.

它顶上插了杆避雷针。

Unfortunately, that's a problem: they get a little too close,

这时麻烦来了：他们靠得有点儿太近了--

and when you're in a dirigible

开飞船的时候

you have to be very careful about spikes.

切记要小心尖头物体。

So that sort of brings her little story to a conclusion.

她的小故事看来要告一段落了。

Marcello, on the other hand, is sort of a lazy guy,

另一个人，马尔切洛大概是个懒汉，

but he's not due at work until about noon.

不过他中午才需要去上班。

So, the alarm goes off and it's five to 12 or so.

闹钟响的时候已经12点缺5分了。

He gets up, leaps onto his scooter, races through the city

他就起床，上车，扬长而去

past the church of Santa Maria della Pace,

驶过和平圣母教堂，

down the alleys, through the streets

过街穿巷

that tourists may be wandering through,

从游人身边掠过。

disturbing the quiet backstreet life of Rome at every turn.

每次上班都把罗马静谧的后街生活完全打乱。

That speed with which he is moving, I hope I have suggested in this little image,

我希望这幅图能表现这家伙的速度--

which, again, can be turned around and read from both sides

又是一张正着倒着都能看的图，

because there's text on the bottom and text on the top,

因为下面上面都有字

one of which is upside down in this image.

而有一边的字是倒着印的。

So, he keeps on moving, approaching an unsuspecting waiter

他一路向前，接近了一个毫不知情的侍者

who is trying to deliver two plates of linguine

正端着两碟子扁面条

in a delicate white wine clam sauce

浇了种精致的白葡萄酒蛤蜊酱汁

to diners who are sitting at a table just outside of a restaurant in the street.

他正走向酒店街边座位上的客人。

Waiter catches on, but it's too late.

侍者反应过来了，不过为时已晚。

And Marcello keeps moving in his scooter.

马尔切洛一往无前。

Everything he sees from this point on is slightly affected by the linguine,

从现在起他看到的一切都跟面条扯上了点小关系。

but keeps on moving because this guy's got a job to do.

不过还得继续走，上班要紧。

Removes some scaffolding. One of the reasons

一路上拆了些脚手架--它们是

Rome remains the extraordinary place it is that

罗马依然保留着独特风韵的原因:

because of scaffolding and the determination

人们的修葺施工以及保护

to maintain the fabric, it is a city that continues

城市规划结构的决心。罗马持续成长

to grow and adapt to the needs of the particular time

来适应不同时代的需要

in which it finds itself, or we find it.

它自觉地如此，我们也加以推动。

Right through the Piazza della Rotonda,

你看他横穿罗通达广场，

in front of the Pantheon -- again wreaking havoc -- and finally getting to work.

在万神殿前弄得一阵鸡飞狗跳，终于到了。

Marcello, as it turns out,

我们发现马尔切洛

is the driver of the number 64 bus,

是64路公交车的司机。

and if you've been on the number 64 bus, you know

如果你坐过64路车你就知道

that it's driven with the same kind of exuberance

这车开得

as Marcello demonstrated on his scooter.

跟马尔切洛的摩托一个德性。

And finally Carletto. You see his apartment in the upper left-hand corner.

最后是卡尔莱托--他的公寓在左上角

He's looking at his table;

他正凝视着桌子。

he's planning to propose this evening to his girlfriend of 40 years, (Laughter)

今晚要向他谈了40年的女友求婚

and he wants it to be perfect.

他希望一切都做得尽善尽美

He's got candles out, he's got flowers in the middle

他摆开了蜡烛，放好了鲜花

and he's trying to figure out where to put the plates and the glasses.

正想着该把杯盘放在哪儿。

But he's not happy; something's wrong.

可是他并不开心--还缺点什么。

The phone rings anyway, he's called to the palazzo.

电话响了--叫他去palazzo。

He saunters -- he saunters at a good clip,

他快步走去

but as compared to all the traveling we've just seen, he's sauntering.

不过跟马尔切洛相比，他简直在晃荡。

Everybody knows Carletto, because he's in entertainment,

卡尔莱托真是无人不晓：他是娱乐界的--

actually; he's in television.

准确地说，是搞电视的。

He's actually in television repair, which is why people know him.

大家都认识他是因为他负责修电视。

So they all have his number.

每个人都有他的电话。

He arrives at the palazzo, arrives at the big front door.

终于到了，他来到大门那儿

Enters the courtyard and talks to the custodian,

走进院子，和看门人聊了起来

who tells him that there's been a disaster in the palazzo;

看门人说楼里出大事儿了

nobody's TVs are working

电视机坏了个遍

and there's a big soccer game coming up,

可是即将有一场足球大赛

and the crowd is getting a little restless and a little nervous.

大家都耐不住了，怕错过比赛。

He goes down to the basement and starts to check the wiring,

于是他下到地下室检查电线

and then gradually works his way up to the top of the building,

从那儿一路忙到楼顶，

apartment by apartment, checking every television,

挨家挨户地检查每一台电视

checking every connection,

一台台地查

hoping to find out what this problem is.

想找出问题所在

He works his way up, finally, the grand staircase

他一直往上查，终于到了主楼梯

and then a smaller staircase until he reaches the attic.

又一个小些的楼梯，到了阁楼。

He opens the window of the attic, of course, and there's a tablecloth

打开窗户，当然当然，有张桌布

wrapped around the building's television antenna.

挂在整楼的电视天线上。

He removes it, the problems are solved,

他把它拿掉，问题就解决了

everybody in the palazzo is happy.

楼里的大伙儿都很开心。

And of course, he also solves his own problem.

并且他也解决了自己的问题。

All he has to do now, with a perfect table,

桌子布置停当，他现在要做的

is wait for her to arrive.

就是等她出现。

That was the first attempt, but it didn't seem substantial enough

这是我的第一个尝试，不过好像分量还不够

to convey whatever it was I wanted to convey about Rome.

传达我想表达的对罗马的理解

So I thought, well, I'll just do piazzas,

所以我想，好吧，我就先画广场，

and I'll get inside and underneath

然后钻进去、挖下去

and I'll show these things growing

展示那些深层中发展着的

and show why they're shaped the way they are and so on.

塑造了这座城市的力量。

And then I thought, that's too complicated. No,

后来我又觉得太复杂了。不行。

I'll just take my favorite bits and pieces

我权且用我最喜欢的那些地方

and I'll put them inside the Pantheon but keep the scale,

把它们画到万神殿里去，保持原尺寸

so you can see the top of Sant'Ivo and the Pyramid of Cestius

你就能看到圣依沃堂和赛斯提乌斯金字塔

and the Tempietto of Bramante all side by side in this amazing space.

还有布拉曼特的小礼拜堂的尖顶，都在这里并列。

Now that's one drawing,

这又是一幅画。

so I thought maybe it's time for Piranesi to meet Escher. (Laughter)

呵呵，我想或许是时候让皮拉内西见见埃舍尔了。

You see that I'm beginning to really lose control here

其实你看我有点控制不住作品的走向了，

and also hope.

信心也随之减退。

There's a very thin blue line of exhaust

而有一缕蓝色的烟气

that sort of runs through this thing that would be kind of the trail that holds it all together.

仿佛是贯穿整书的线索，把一切系在一起了。

Then I thought, "Wait a minute, what am I doing?"

我突然意识到：等等，我在干嘛呢？

A book is not only a neat way of collecting and storing information,

书不光是积存信息的便捷工具

it's a series of layers.

它还是一系列的层次。

I mean, you always peel one layer off another;

你总是一层层地剥开来--

we think of them as pages, doing it a certain way.

一页页书，某种程度上是在“剥”。

But think of them as layers. I mean, Rome is a place of layers --

想象那些层次。罗马是个有层次的地方--

horizontal layers, vertical layers --

横向的层次，纵向的层次。

and I thought, well just peeling off a page would allow me to --

而我想，如果“剥”开一页书就能--

if I got you thinking about it the right way --

如果你跟着我的思路--

would allow me to sort of show you the depth of layers.

就能展示出这些层次的深度就好了

The stucco on the walls of most of the buildings in Rome

罗马大多数建筑用墙面的灰泥

covers the scars; the scars of centuries of change

把许多个世纪的伤痕遮掩了

as these structures have been adapted

这些建筑一直在改变用途

rather than being torn down.

而不是被拆掉

If I do a foldout page on the left-hand side

如果我在左半页做一个折叠页，

and let you just unfold it, you see behind it what I mean by scar tissue.

你把它打开，就看见了所谓伤口下面的组织。

You can see that in 1635,

比如说在1635年的一层，你就能看到

it became essential to make smaller windows

把窗户改小的重要性

because the bad guys were coming or whatever.

因为坏人们要来了，或者是别的什么原因。

Adaptations all get buried under the stucco.

这些变化都埋藏在了表面的灰泥之下。

I could peel out a page of this palazzo to show you what's going on inside of it.

我只要剥掉这幢楼的一层你就知道里面发生了什么

But more importantly, I could also show you

可是更重要的是，这还能告诉你

what it looks like at the corner of one of those magnificent buildings

那些雄伟建筑的角落里都有些什么

with all the massive stone blocks,

这么些巨大的石块--

or the fake stone blocks done with brick and stucco,

以及砖头和灰泥冒充的假石块，

which is more often the case.

它们可更加常见。

So it becomes slightly three-dimensional.

所以这书就有一点点3D了。

I could take you down one of those narrow little streets

我能把你从一条窄街上

into one of those surprising piazzas by using a double gate fold --

送进一个豁然开朗的广场，用个双扇折叠就行。

double foldout page -- which, if you were like me

双扇折叠页--如果你和我一样

reading a pop-up book as a child, you hopefully stick your head into.

小时候喜欢读这种立体书--你恐怕想把头伸进去

You wrap the pages around your head

把头埋在书里

and are in that piazza for that brief period of time.

那一刻你就置身于广场上了。

And I've really not done anything much more complicated

我实在没有做什么更复杂的东西了

than make foldout pages.

折叠页已经是最复杂的了

But then I thought, maybe I could be simpler here.

不过接着我想，我或许可以简单一点儿

Let's look at the Pantheon and the Piazza della Rotonda in front of it.

我们来看看万神殿和前面的罗通达广场

Here's a book completely wide open.

这是完全摊开的一本书。

OK, if I don't open the book the whole way,

要不是我把书整个打开，

if I just open it 90 degrees, we're looking down the front of the Pantheon,

要是我只翻开九十度，我们就在俯视万神殿的正面。

and we're looking sort of at the top, more or less down on the square.

仿佛是在天上往下看广场。

And if I turn the book the other way,

如果我把书换一个方向

we're looking across the square at the front of the Pantheon.

我们的视线就穿过广场看到万神殿的正面

No foldouts, no tricks --

没有折叠，没什么把戏--

just a book that isn't open the whole way.

只是本没完全打开的书。

That seemed promising. I thought, maybe I'll do it inside

我觉得这个不错，值得一试

and I can even combine the foldouts with the only partially opened book.

甚至可以和折叠页结合起来用。

So we get inside the Pantheon

于是我们进了万神殿内部

and it grows and so on and so forth.

书就这么扩展着，延续着。

And I thought, maybe I'm on the right track,

我猜我可能走对路了，

but it sort of lost its human quality.

只是原来的人情味儿丢了

So I went back to the notion of story,

所以我回到故事的表现方式

which is always a good thing to have if you're trying to get people

要是想让别人集中注意

to pay attention to a book and pick up information along the way.

读你的书，同时又能学到东西，讲故事这个方法不错。

"Pigeon's Progress" struck me as a catchy title.

突然想到《鸽子之旅》是个好标题

If it was a homing pigeon,

如果这是一只回家的鸽子

it would be called "Homer's Odyssey."

书名应该叫荷马的《奥德修纪》的

But it was the journey of the ... (Laughter)

不过这是它的旅行--（笑）

I mean, if a title works, use it. But it would be a journey that went through Rome

--题目管用的话，就是它了。这将会是一次穿越罗马之旅

and showed all the things that I like about Rome.

把我喜爱的罗马的一切展示出来。

It's a pigeon sitting on top of a church.

就是这只教堂顶上的鸽子

Goes off during the day and does normal pigeon stuff. Comes back,

白天飞走，做做鸽子该做的事，再飞回来--

the whole place is covered with scaffolding and green netting

脚手架和绿色防护网把家封死了。

and there's no way this pigeon can get home.

没辙，回不了家了

So it's a homeless pigeon now

成了流浪鸽。

and it's going to have to find another place to live,

于是它必须找个新家。

and that allows me to go through my catalog of favorite things,

这给了我机会画出我钟爱的那些地标。

and we start with the tall ones and so on.

我们从较高的那些开始

Maybe it has to go back and live with family members;

不过有可能它还是得回去和家人团聚--

that's not always a good thing,

不过这不一定是好事。

but it does sort of bring pigeons together again.

这样鸽子们又在一块儿了。

And I thought, that's sort of interesting,

我就想：这有点儿意思

but maybe there's a person who should be involved in this in some way.

可是应该有个人也来参与一下。

So I kind of came up with this old guy

我就虚构了这个老家伙

who spends his life looking after sick pigeons.

一辈子都用来照顾生病的鸽子

He'll go anywhere to get them -- dangerous places and whatnot --

他访遍全城寻找它们。危险的地方也在所不辞。

and they become really friends with this guy,

鸽子和他交上了朋友，

and learn to do tricks for him and entertain him at lunchtime and stuff like that.

也学会了在午饭的时候做些把戏逗他玩。

There's a real bond that develops

渐渐就产生了真挚的感情

between this old man and these pigeons.

人与鸽的友谊。

But unfortunately he gets sick. He gets really sick at the end of the story.

不幸的是老人病了，病得很重。

He's taught them to spell his name, which is Aldo.

他曾经教鸽子们拼他的名字Aldo

They show up one day after three or four days of not seeing him --

它们在三四天没见着他之后就去找他。

he lives in this little garret --

他住在一个小阁楼上。

and they spell his name and fly around.

鸽子们绕着圈子拼出他的名字。

And he finally gets enough strength together

他也终于有了点精神

to climb up the ladder onto the roof,

爬梯子到房顶上

and all the pigeons, a la Red Balloon, are there waiting for him

所有的鸽子在那儿等着他，就像《红气球》里拍的一样

and they carry him off over the walls of the city.

它们带着他飞走了，飞过城墙。

And I forgot to mention this:

过去他每次--这点我忘了说了

whenever he lost a pigeon, he would take that pigeon

每次死了一只鸽子的时候，他就把它

out beyond the walls of the city.

送到城墙外面去。

In the old Roman custom, the dead

在罗马的老传统里，去世的人

were never buried within the walls.

从来不埋在城墙之内。

And I thought that's a really cheery story.

这真是个让人高兴的故事。

(Laughter). That's really going to go a long way.

（笑）现在这本书进展不少了

So anyway, I went through ... And again, if packaging doesn't work

不管怎么说，我总算是想通了。如果说包装并不起作用

and if the stories aren't going anywhere,

而讲故事才是正道

I just come up with titles

书名也该有点效果。

and hope that a title will sort of kick me off in the right direction.

我希望书的标题能来一个完美开局

And sometimes it does focus me enough

而它也真的让我花不少功夫

and I'll even do a title page.

我还得设计一个标题页。

So, these are all title pages that eventually led me

这一页页零碎的画最终把我

to the solution I settled on, which is the story of a young woman

引向了答案：这是一个年轻女人的故事

who sends a message on a homing pigeon --

她用回巢的信鸽送了一封信--

she lives outside the walls of the city of Rome -- to someone in the city.

她住在罗马城外--要把信捎给城内的一个人。

And the pigeon is flying down above the Appian Way here.

信鸽沿着阿庇安公路上空飞过。

You can see the tombs and pines and so on and so forth along the way.

你能看到古墓、松柏和其他的林林总总。

If you see the red line,

如果你看见那条红线，

you are seeing the trail of the pigeon;

那就是鸽子的飞行轨迹

if you don't see the red line, you are the pigeon.

你看不见红线的时候，你就是那只鸽子。

And it becomes necessary and possible, at this point,

此时让读者身临其境

to try to convey what that sense would be like

既是必须的又很可行

of flying over the city without actually moving.

像这样足不离地就飞越城市。

Past the Pyramid of Cestius --

过了塞斯提乌斯金字塔--

these will seem very familiar to you, even if you haven't been to Rome recently --

哪怕你最近没去过罗马这些都会很熟悉。

past the gatehouse.

过了门楼

This is something that's a little bit unusual.

有一点倒是挺奇怪的

This pigeon does something that most homing pigeons do not do:

这只鸽子做了一件其他鸽子归巢时不做的事：

it takes the scenic route, (Laughter) which was a device

它选择了一条观光路线。这个设计

that I felt was necessary to actually extend this book

用来把书延长个四页

beyond about four pages.

再好不过了。

So, we circle around the Coliseum, past the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin

于是我们环绕大竞技场一周，飞过希腊圣母堂

and the Temple of Hercules towards the river.

和海格力斯神殿，向台伯河飞去

We almost collide with the cornice of the Palazzo Farnese --

差点撞上法尼榭宫的飞檐

designed by Michelangelo,

这是米开朗基罗的大作，

built of stone taken from the Coliseum -- narrow escape.

是用大竞技场拆下来的石头建的。好险啊！

We swoop down over the Campo de' Fiori.

然后我们俯瞰鲜花广场

This is one of those things I show to my students

我很乐意把这个给我的学生看

because it's a complete bastardization --

因为这完全是瞎胡闹--

a denial of any rules of perspective.

把所有的透视法都抛在脑后

The only rule of perspective that I think matters is

而我认为唯一重要的透视法就是

if it looks believable, you've succeeded.

只要看上去可信，你就成功了。

But you try and figure out where the vanishing points meet here;

不过你要是硬要找消失点在哪儿

a couple are on Mars and

有些恐怕在火星上，还有别的--

a couple of others in Cremona.

别的几个--跑到克雷莫纳地区了。

But into the piazza in front of Santa Maria della Pace,

鸽子进入广场，飞到和平圣母堂前面

where invariably a soccer game is going on,

这儿任何时候都有球赛上演

and we're hit by a soccer ball.

我们就不幸中弹

Now this is a terrible illustration of being hit by a soccer ball.

这个是我被足球击中的景象，画得很烂

I have all the pieces:

我画上了它的各个部分。

there's Santa Maria della Pace, there's a soccer ball,

和平圣母堂，足球，

there's a little bit of a bird's wing -- nothing's happening,

鸟翅膀的一小部分。没感觉

so I had to rethink it.

得重新来。

And if you do want to see Santa Maria della Pace,

如果你想看清楚和平圣母堂--

these books are really flexible, incredibly interactive --

像这样的书很灵活，很方便互动--

just turn it around and look at it the other way.

只要把它掉个个，从另一面看

Through the alley, we can see the impact is captured in the red line.

穿过巷子，你能看见撞击的效果体现在红线上。

And then bird manages to pull itself together past this medieval tower --

然后鸽子在中世纪的塔楼上空调整了过来--

one of the few remaining medieval towers --

为数不多现存的中世纪塔楼了--

towards the church of Sant'Agnese

然后它飞向了--名字怎么忘了--圣依搦斯蒙难堂

and around the dome looking down into Piazza Navona --

转过俯瞰那佛那广场的圆顶

which we've already mentioned and seen and flown over a couple of times;

我们已经见过这儿了。

there's the Bernini statue of the Four Rivers --

这是皮拉内西的四条河流的雕塑。

and then past the wonderful Borromini Sant'Ivo,

接着是博罗米诺绝妙的圣依华堂。

stopping just long enough on the 26-foot diameter Oculus

在万神殿直径26英尺的天孔上停下休息

of the Pantheon to catch our breath.

刚够穿上口气来。

And then we can swoop inside and around; and because we're flying,

我们可以在殿内盘旋，因为是在飞

we don't really have to worry about gravity at this particular moment in time,

此时就不用担心重力了，

so this drawing can be oriented in any way on the page.

这幅图的朝向可以随心所欲。

We get a little exuberant as we pass Gesu;

飞过耶稣堂的时候鸽子开心起来--

it's not surprising to sort of mimic the architecture in this way.

它如此模仿这个建筑并不令人奇怪。

Past the wonderful wall filled with the juxtaposition that I was talking about;

飞过一堵墙，它充满着我前面提到的“古今并立”的风味

beautiful carvings set into the walls above the neon "Ristorante" sign, and so on.

霓虹灯的“饭店”招牌上方就是些漂亮的雕刻。

And eventually, we arrive at the courtyard of the palazzo,

最终我们来到了palazzo的前庭

which is our destination.

也就是目的地。

Straight up through the courtyard

鸽子穿过庭院，

into a little window into the attic,

飞进窗户，飞上阁楼

where somebody is working at the drawing board.

有个人正在画板上画画。

He removes the message from the leg of the bird; this is what it says.

他从鸽子腿上把纸条拆下来。纸条是这么写的

As we look at the drawing board,

我们看到了那个画板

we see what he's working on is, in fact,

上面画着的其实就是

a map of the journey that the pigeon has just taken,

鸽子飞行的轨迹图，

and the red line extends through all the sights.

红线串联起沿途的地标。

And if you want the information, so that we complete this cycle of understanding,

如果你想了解更多，给你的虚拟旅途 画上句号

all you have to do is read these paragraphs.

只需要读读书后的这些段落 。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。