How police and the public can create safer neighborhoods together | Tracie Keesee

翻译人员: Tianji (Homer) Li 校对人员: psjmz mz

You know, my friends, I look at this photograph

朋友们，看着这张照片，

and I have to ask myself,

我不得不自问，

you know, I think I've seen this somewhere before.

我想我之前在哪也看过这张照片。

People marching in the street for justice.

人们为了正义游行。

But I know it's not the same photograph that I would have seen,

但是我知道这和我之前 看到的照片不一样，

because I wouldn't take my oath to be a police officer until 1989.

因为我在1989年才 宣誓成为一个警察。

And I've been in the business for over 25 years.

到现在我已经当了 超过25年的警察。

And identifying as an African-American woman,

身为一个非裔美国女性，

I know things have gotten better.

我知道我们的境地 已经得到改善。

But even as I learned about public safety,

但即使我了解公众安全，

I wondered if what I was doing on the street

我也会怀疑我们 在街道上所做的一切

was hurting or harming the community.

是否在伤害或者破坏我们的社区。

And I often wondered if, you know, how did they perceive me,

我时常会想人们是怎么看待我，

this woman in uniform?

这个穿着警服的女人？

But there is one thing that I knew.

但是我知道一件事。

I knew there was a way that we could do this, probably, different or better.

我知道还有其他方式， 可以把事情做得不一样，做得更好，

A way that preserved dignity and guaranteed justice.

可以捍卫尊严，维护正义。

But I also knew that police could not do it alone.

但是我也知道只靠警察是不行的。

It's the coproduction of public safety.

维护公众安全必须依靠合作。

There is a lot of history with us.

我们共同经历了很多。

You know, we know loss.

我们知道伤亡的滋味。

The relationship between

美国非裔社区

the African American community and the police is a painful one.

和警察之间的关系很紧张。

Often filled with mistrust.

总是互不信任。

It has been studied by social scientists,

社会学家研究过，

it has been studied by government,

政府研究过，

all both promising, you know, hopeful new ways and long-term fixes.

所有人都承诺会有全新的方针 和长期的计划。

But all we want is to be safe.

但我们所要的是安全，

And our safety is intertwined.

而且我们休戚与共。

And that we know, in order to have great relationships

我们知道，为了缓和关系，

and relationships built on trust,

建立信任，

that we're going to have to have communication.

我们必须互相交流。

And in this advent and this text of the world that we've got going on,

在此时此刻我们所处的这个世界中，

trying to do this with social media,

尝试着用社交媒体互相交流，

it's a very difficult thing to do.

是一件困难的事情。

We also have to examine our current policing practices,

我们还需要检查当前的治安条例，

and we have to set those things aside that no longer serve us.

摒弃过时的条例。

So, in New York, that meant "stop, question and frisk."

在纽约，这意味着 “停下，提问和搜身”；

That meant really holding up the numbers as opposed to relationships.

意味着重视数量而不是关系；

And it really didn't allow the officers the opportunity

这样做没有给警官任何机会

to get to know the community in which they serve.

去了解他们服务的社区。

But you see, there is a better way.

但是，现在有一个更好的方法。

And we know -- it's called coproduction.

我们都知道——那就是合作。

So in the 1970s, Elinor Ostrom came up with this theory,

在二十世纪七十年代， 埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆提出了这个理论，

really called coproduction, and this is how it works.

被称为“合作创造”，它是这样运作的。

You bring people into the space that come with separate expertise,

把各行人才齐聚一堂，

and you also come with new ideas and lived experience,

获得新想法和生活经历，

and you produce a new knowledge.

并且催发了新的知识。

And when you produce that new knowledge,

当你产出了那些新知识，

and you apply this theory to public safety,

并将这个理论运用到公共安全上时，

you produce a new type of public safety.

新型的公共安全就会出现了。

And so, in New York, it feels like this.

纽约给人的感觉像这样。

It is called building relationships, literally one block at a time.

一个街区接着一个街区的建立关系。

And it's "Build the Block."

官方名称就叫“建立街区”。

So this is how it works.

它的运行原理如下：

You go to buildtheblock.nyc, you put in your address.

登陆网站 “buildtheblock.nyc”， 输入你的地址，

And up pops location, date and time of your neighborhood meeting.

网页会弹出你的社区会议 的地址，日期和时间。

The important part of this is you've got to go to the meeting.

最重要的是你得参加会议。

And once you go to that meeting,

到了会议现场，你就会发现

there, of course, will be NYPD,

纽约市警察局代表在那里，

along with officers and other community members.

政府官员以及其它社区 的居民也会出席。

What's important about bringing, now, the lived experience into this space

对于将生活经验带到会议上 以产生新的知识来说，

to produce new knowledge

最重要的是：

is that we have to have a new way of delivering it.

我们必须用新的方式传递它。

So the new way of delivering it

而这个新的传递方法

is through what we call neighborhood coordinating officers, or NCOs.

则是通过被我们称作“社区协调人员” 的一类人，简称NCOs。

And so, also in this meeting are the NCOs,

这个会议还有社区协调人员，

the what we call 911 response cars,

即 911 应急车队的人员，

sector cars, detectives,

各应急部门的车，探员们，

all of us working together to collaborate in this new way

我们所有人以这种新的方式合作

to reduce crime.

以降低犯罪率。

And what's interesting about this is that we know that it works.

有趣的是，我们都知道这是有用的。

So, for example, in Washington Heights.

例如在华盛顿高地，

At a community meeting, there was a bar, up in Washington Heights,

在一次社区会议上，有个酒吧， 就在华盛顿高地，

and the neighbors were complaining about outcry and noises.

居民们在抱怨那的噪音。

So in their conversations with their NCO,

所以他们在与 NCO 的对话中，

they talked about, you know, sound barriers,

就会谈论隔音板，

different ways to sort of approach this.

以及各种不同的处理方法。

Is there a different way we can direct traffic?

我们有别的疏导交通的方法吗?

And of course now they have relatively quieter bar nights.

当然，现在他们有 相对安静的酒吧之夜了。

So, another issue that always comes up in neighborhoods is speeding.

另一个问题是社区的超速行驶。

How many of you in here have ever had a speeding ticket?

在座有多少人收到过超速罚单?

Raise your hand.

请举个手。

Oh, higher, come on!

举高点，别害羞！

There's more than that, this is New York.

实际上有更多人，毕竟这是纽约。

So those are other issues that brought to the NCO.

这也是NCO需要面对的问题。

Speeding -- what the NCOs do

对于超速，NCO采取的对策是：

is they collaborate with the Department of Transportation,

他们与美国交通部门协商，

they look at issues such as speed bumps and signage and all types of things.

讨论了诸如减速带、 路标之类的东西。

And when we come together to create this different type of policing,

当我们一起创造这种 不同类型的治安措施时，

it also feels different.

也会让人感到不同。

The coproduction of public safety also means

在公共安全方面的合作也意味着

that officers need to understand

政府官员们需要理解

the history and the power of their uniforms.

他们身着制服的历史和力量。

They're going to have to set aside old historical narratives

他们必须把不利于他们的

that do not serve them well.

陈词滥调放在一边。

And that means they have to learn about implicit bias.

这意味着他们必须学习 关于内隐偏见的内容。

Implicit biases are shortcuts the brain makes

内隐偏见是我们在 并不全然了解的情况下

without us really knowing it.

大脑创造的捷径。

They're stereotypes that often influence our decision making.

这些偏见经常影响着我们的决策。

And so, you can imagine,

因此，你可以想象，

for police officers who have to make split-second decisions

那些不得不在短时间内 做出决策的警官们

can be a very detrimental decision-making point.

的决策点会有多糟糕。

That's why the NYPD, along with other departments throughout the United States,

因此纽约警察局和全美国的其它机构

are training all of their officers in implicit bias.

会着重训练警官们的内隐偏见，

They have to understand that learning about their implicit biases,

他们必须明白， 了解自己的内隐偏见，

having good training, tactics and deescalation

接受良好的培训，掌握策略 并逐步降低风险，

and understanding how it impacts your decision making

清楚它如何影响你的决策，

makes us all safer.

能使我们所有人更加安全。

We also know how officers are treated inside the organization

我们也知道组织内部如何对待警员

impacts how they're going to behave with the community at large.

会如何影响他们在社区中的表现。

This is critical.

这非常重要。

Especially if you want to have a new way forward.

尤其当你想以一种新的方式前进时。

And we know that we have to care for those folks that are on the frontline.

我们知道我们必须关心 那些在第一线的人们。

And they have to recognize their own trauma.

他们也必须承认自己的创伤。

And in order to do that, us as leaders have to lift them up

为了做到这一点，我们作为 领导者必须支持他们，

and let them know that the narratives of being strong men and women --

让他们知道成为坚强的 男人和女人的故事——

you can set those aside, and it's OK to say you need help.

你可以把这些放在一边， 说你需要帮助也没关系。

And we do that by providing peer support,

我们通过提供同伴支持，员工帮助，

employee assistance, mental health services.

心理健康服务来做到这一点。

We make sure all of those things are in place,

我们确保所有这些东西都到位，

because without it --

因为不能没有它们——

it's a critical component to the coproduction of public safety.

它们是公共安全“合作创造”的重要部分。

Equally as important is that we also have social issues

同样重要的是，我们也有社会问题，

that are often laid at the feet of law enforcement.

这些社会问题经常 被搁置在执法的边缘。

So, for example, mental health and education.

举个例子，心理健康和教育。

Historically, we've been pulled into those spaces

从历史上看，我们被拉进了

where we have not necessarily provided public safety

那些不一定提供公共安全的地方，

but have enforced long, historical legislative racial desegregation.

但却强制实行了 历史悠久的种族隔离立法。

We have to own our part in history.

我们必须承认自己在历史上的角色。

But we also have to have those folks at the table

但当我们讨论如何推进合作生产时，

when we're talking about how do we move forward with coproduction.

我们必须让这些人参与进来。

But understanding this,

但要了解这个，

we also have to understand that we need to have voices come to us

我们就要明白， 我们需要通过不同的方式

in a different way.

听到民众的呼声。

We also have to recognize

我们也要认识到

that the community may not be willing or ready

社区也许不愿意或还未准备好

to come to the table to have the conversation.

直接谈论那些话题。

And that's OK.

没关系。

We have to be able to accept that.

我们需要接受这点。

By acknowledging it, it also means that we care for the community's health

承认这一点，也意味着 我们关心社区的健康

and for their resiliency as well.

和他们的韧性。

That's another key component.

这就是另一个至关重要的部分。

We also have to acknowledge

我们也需要承认

that there are those folks that are in our community that are here --

在我们的社区的一些人——

they do want to do us harm.

确实想伤害我们。

We also have to recognize that we have community members

我们还必须承认有一类社区成员

who did not get the benefits of a long-ago dream.

并没有在久远的梦想中受益。

We also have to acknowledge

我们也必须承认

that we have put faith in a system that sometimes is broken,

我们要对不时被打破的系统有信心，

hoping that it would give us solutions for better.

希望它能带给我们 改善社区的解决方案。

But we cannot walk away.

但我们不能走开。

Because there is a better way.

因为有更好的方法。

And we know this because the NYPD's neighborhood policing philosophy

我们知道这一点，是因为 纽约警察局的社区警务理念

is grounded in the coproduction of public safety.

是以公共安全的“合作创造”为基础。

And in order for us to move forward together,

为了我们自己，为了家人，

with our family, our friends and for our health,

朋友和我们的健康能够共同前进，

we have to make sure that we focus this way.

我们必须集中精力。

And in order to do that,

为了实现这些，

there are three fundamental ideologies that we must all agree to.

我们必须同意三种基本意识形态。

Are you ready?

准备好了吗？

Oh, I'm sorry, one more time -- are you ready?

抱歉，再来一次， 准备好了吗？

Audience: Yes!

观众：是的！

特蕾西·基西：现在好多了。

Tracie Keesee: Now, that's better, alright.

第一点：不要沉溺于原因。

The first one: There's no more wallowing in the why.

We know why.

我们知道原因。

We must move forward together. There's no more us versus them.

我们必须一起前进， 不再有彼此之别。

Number two:

第二点：

We must embrace the lived experience and our histories,

我们必须拥抱生活经历和我们的历史，

and we must make sure we never go back to a place where we cannot move forward.

我们必须保证 不会重蹈覆辙，囿于过去。

And number three:

第三点：

We must also make sure

我们必须确定

that truth and telling facts is painful.

真相和说出真相是痛苦的。

But we also know that no action is no longer acceptable.

但不作为是不能接受的。

And agree?

同意吗？

Audience: Yes.

观众：是的。

特蕾西·基西：抱歉， 我听不到，你们同意吗？

TK: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't hear you, do you agree?

观众：是的 ！

特蕾西·基西： 所以我们都知道有更好的办法。

Audience: Yes!

TK: So we do know there is a better way.

这个更好的办法就是 “共同创造”公众安全。

And the better way is the coproduction of public safety.

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声，欢呼）