The Affordable, 3D-Printed Bionics of the Future | Enzo Romero | TED

翻译人员: Shuhui Huang 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

One in seven people around the world has some kind of disability.

在这个世界上，每七个人， 就有一个人身有残疾。

Being born without my right hand has defined who I am

过去三十年来， 出生就没有右手这件事，

over the past 30 years.

定义了我的全部。

I was fortunate to grow [up] in the sacred valley of the Incas

很幸运，我出生在 秘鲁库斯科的乌鲁班巴山谷，

in Cusco, Peru,

surrounded by people who weren't surprised to see me driving my bike

那里的人们不会因为 看到我骑车或者玩篮球

or probably playing basketball.

而面露惊讶。

When I was seven, I remember being stunned

我七岁的时候去看了 《星球大战V：帝国反击战》，

after I watched "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back,"

我记得当时 被卢克手被砍下来的场景惊呆了，

when Luke's hand gets cut off,

the same one I didn't have.

他失去的手， 和我没有的，还是同一只。

But then, being twice as stunned

然而，让我二次震惊的场景是，

when the medical robots fitted him with a prosthesis

当医疗机器人给他装了一个 可以移动和感觉的义肢。

that could move and feel.

From then on, no greater purpose lived in my mind,

从此以后， 我人生最大的梦想变成了

which was to have a prosthesis like Luke Skywalker.

获得一个 像卢克·天行者那样的义肢。

This dream led me to study mechatronics engineering

因为这个梦想， 我在秘鲁天主教大学

and access the Biomechanics and Applied Robotics Laboratory

选择了学习机械电子工程，

in Pontifical Catholic University of Peru,

并接触了生物力学和应用机器人实验室。

where, with a multidisciplinary team,

在那里，我们与多学科团队合作，

we developed a myoelectric prosthesis for a long transradial amputation,

开发了一种 针对长期肘下截肢的肌电义肢，

being me, the pilot user.

而我，就是试用的小白鼠。

I was able to move each finger individually.

我当时就能单独移动每个手指。

And also we developed a way in which we get to pass the sensation

我们还开发了一种方法， 使用触觉反馈系统

from the fingertips into my forearm using haptic feedback system.

将指尖的感觉传递到我的前臂。

Since this was a research project,

因为这是一个研究项目，

we had enough funding to buy stuff from abroad.

我们有着足够的资金 从海外来采购。

So, for example, the motors you get to see here,

比如说，你现在看到的这些电机，

were all brought [from] Switzerland.

都是瑞士来的。

This is one of the main reasons why it will cost at least 40,000 dollars

这也是制作这个假肢 至少要花 4 万美元的原因之一。

to make this prosthesis.

But 40K is way too much,

但 4 万美元也太多了，

considering that four out of five people with upper limb amputation

尤其考虑到， 每五个上肢截肢的人里，

live in developing countries.

就有四个都住在发展中国家。

Even the 25,000 dollars that cost a robotic prosthesis imported from abroad

即使是从海外进口的义肢， 也要花费 2 万 5 千美元，

is way too much.

这还是太贵了。

In Peru, that is equivalent to work full time

在秘鲁，这相当于 一个拿着最低工资的人，

on a minimum wage for almost seven years,

要全职工作七年， 才能买得起义肢。

just to buy the prostheses.

Never mind pay for your food or your house.

还是不吃不喝没地方住的情况下。

It is often that people get injured while doing manual labor activities

人们往往是在从事体力活动时受伤，

like farming or metal manufacturing.

比如农业或金属制造业。

Getting back to work and having access to money demands a functional hand.

重返工作岗位来获得资金 又需要一只可以工作的手。

It took me time to realize what a huge privilege I had

我花了一些时间才意识到， 自己是多么幸运，

to study a career that would help fulfill my dreams.

能够学习一项 有助于实现我梦想的职业。

But actually,

那么，

what was preventing me from developing a solution

开发出既实惠又实用的 解决方案的难点是什么呢。

that was both affordable and functional.

The very first step in order to reducing the cost

降低成本的第一步，

was to reduce the number of motors

是减少电机的数量，

because they were all imported and therefore expensive.

因为它们都是进口的， 所以很贵。

So we get to arrange occupational focus groups

因此，我们将截肢志愿者们 安排组成了职业焦点小组，

with our amputee volunteers

in order to identify which gestures they will use the most, and of those,

以确定他们最常使用哪些手势， 以及这些手势中，

how many we could perform using just a single motor.

我们如果只用一个电机， 可以执行多少个。

The answer was three:

答案是三个：

pinch,

捏，

cylindrical

纵向旋转，

and lateral.

和横向移动。

This also helps us to reduce the number of electromyography sensors, too,

这也帮助我们减少了 肌电图传感器的数量，

from an arrangement of eight, we passed just to one.

从原本的八个， 我们做到了只用一个。

In this way, between makes in mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis,

这样，机械义肢和肌电义肢的模具的价格

the prices will be dramatically low.

将大大降低。

But material prices matter to.

但材料价格也很重要。

And that's why we choose to 3D print our prosthesis

这就是为什么我们选择用 3D 打印义肢，

using mainly plastic from recycled bottles.

并主要使用来自回收瓶的塑料，

Like the prosthesis I am wearing right now.

就像我现在戴的这个义肢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

In order to develop our prosthesis,

我们开发假肢的过程，

the process will go like this.

是这样的。

First, we'll use our 3D scan

首先，我们将使用 3D 扫描仪，

and our own parametrization software

和自己开发的参数设定软件，

in order to take the measures of the amputated area

来记录下截肢部分

and the other hand of the user.

和用户另一只手的参数。

Then we'll recreate the entire set of fingers,

然后我们将给整组手指、

the palm and the prosthesis socket in our computational model

手掌和假肢窝建模，

to finally 3D print each of those parts.

然后 3D 打印出这些部分。

So far in LAT Bionics,

现在我们公司 LAT Bionics，

we have two types of prosthesis.

我们有两种义肢。

Maki, which is a mechanical activation

玛吉 (Maki)，是机械激活式，

and Pisko, with electronic activation.

而皮斯科 (Pisko)，是电子激活式。

Pisko cost just 10 percent of an imported robotic prosthesis

皮斯科的成本仅为 进口机器义肢的 10%。

that will come from abroad.

This means that even more working-class people can access our technology.

这意味着，更多工薪阶层的人 可以用到我们的技术。

For me, this has been a path where I was able to develop this

以我个人经历而言， 正是这条途径让我能够

in my company LAT Bionics.

为我的公司 LAT Bionics 开发义肢。

So, for example, take Franco,

让我用弗朗科的故事举个例子，

[who] now is using his transradial Maki prostheses

他就在使用他的 Maki 肘下义肢

in order to get back to work with his providers

以便回到他的丛林农场，

on the jungle farm he has.

和他的供应商们一起工作。

I am certain that we are able to be on the side

我确信我们所拥有的技术

with technology that is brought from abroad to our region

是和那些昂贵的进口技术

being sold in a very expensive way.

平起平坐的。

We have the capacity to develop our own technology,

我们有能力开发自己的技术，

having the necessities of our people in mind.

还能同时考虑到普通人民的需求。

So then people with disabilities and limited resources

让残疾人士和资源有限的人们

could live a life again.

也可以正常生活。

For me, when people, our users, get back to work on their places,

以我个人经历而言，当我们的用户， 回到他们工作的地方时，

that look of compassion changed to astonishment.

旁人脸上的同情就变成了惊讶。

The same astonishment which I had when I saw Luke Skywalker prosthesis.

和我当初看到卢克·天行者的义肢时 脸上的惊讶如出一辙。

So this began as a path for myself,

这条我曾经走过的路，

but it now belongs to my entire region.

现在成了属于我家乡人民的路。

Would you like to join us?

你想要加入我们吗？

Thank you so much.

谢谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）