The Affordable, 3D-Printed Bionics of the Future | Enzo Romero | TED

譯者: Chun Ju Wang 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

One in seven people around the world has some kind of disability.

世上約每七人就有一人 患有某種程度的身心障礙

Being born without my right hand has defined who I am

天生沒有右手這件事已定義了我

over the past 30 years.

過去三十年的人生

I was fortunate to grow [up] in the sacred valley of the Incas

我很幸運能在祕魯庫斯科的

in Cusco, Peru,

印加聖谷成長

surrounded by people who weren't surprised to see me driving my bike

那裏的人不會在看到我騎自行車

or probably playing basketball.

或打籃球時一臉驚訝

When I was seven, I remember being stunned

我記得自己七歲時看了一部電影

after I watched "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back,"

《星際大戰五部曲：帝國大反擊》

when Luke's hand gets cut off,

那時我對劇中路克的手被砍掉大感吃驚

the same one I didn't have.

他跟我失去了同一隻手！

But then, being twice as stunned

但接下來令我更加吃驚的是

when the medical robots fitted him with a prosthesis

醫療機器人為他裝上能活動

that could move and feel.

且有感知的義肢

From then on, no greater purpose lived in my mind,

從那時起，我腦中最遠大的目標

which was to have a prosthesis like Luke Skywalker.

就是要擁有和路克．天行者同樣的義肢

This dream led me to study mechatronics engineering

這個夢想引領我研讀機電工程

and access the Biomechanics and Applied Robotics Laboratory

並進入祕魯天主教大學的

in Pontifical Catholic University of Peru,

生物力學及應用機器人學實驗室

where, with a multidisciplinary team,

這是一個由各種學科組成的實驗室團隊

we developed a myoelectric prosthesis for a long transradial amputation,

我們開發出適合 長上臂截肢的肌電義肢

being me, the pilot user.

而我就是前導測試人員

I was able to move each finger individually.

我能分別移動每隻手指

And also we developed a way in which we get to pass the sensation

我們也研究出一種方式 利用觸覺回饋系統

from the fingertips into my forearm using haptic feedback system.

讓指尖的觸覺傳到上臂

Since this was a research project,

由於這是一個研究計畫

we had enough funding to buy stuff from abroad.

所以我們有足夠的經費 採購國外的東西

So, for example, the motors you get to see here,

舉例來說 螢幕上的這些馬達

were all brought [from] Switzerland.

全都來自瑞士

This is one of the main reasons why it will cost at least 40,000 dollars

這正是成本高昂的主要原因之一 解釋了為什麼需要至少四萬美元

to make this prosthesis.

來製造這個假體

But 40K is way too much,

但四萬實在是太貴了

considering that four out of five people with upper limb amputation

考慮到經歷上臂截肢的患者 每五人中就有四人

live in developing countries.

居住在開發中國家

Even the 25,000 dollars that cost a robotic prosthesis imported from abroad

即便是相較之下只要 兩萬五千美元的進口機械義肢

is way too much.

仍舊是個天價

In Peru, that is equivalent to work full time

在祕魯，這個數字相當於

on a minimum wage for almost seven years,

一個拿最低薪資的人 全職工作將近七年

just to buy the prostheses.

才能負擔得起義肢

Never mind pay for your food or your house.

這還是在完全不計算吃住問題的情況下

It is often that people get injured while doing manual labor activities

通常大家都是在 做體力活的時候受傷的

like farming or metal manufacturing.

好比務農或是金屬製造

Getting back to work and having access to money demands a functional hand.

而回去工作賺錢需要功能健全的雙手

It took me time to realize what a huge privilege I had

我花了一點時間才意識到 自己是多麼的幸運

to study a career that would help fulfill my dreams.

得以學習一項 能幫助我完成夢想的職業

But actually,

而實務上

what was preventing me from developing a solution

是什麼困難在阻礙我開發出

that was both affordable and functional.

既經濟實惠又功能齊全的義肢呢？

The very first step in order to reducing the cost

降低成本的第一步

was to reduce the number of motors

是減少馬達的數量

because they were all imported and therefore expensive.

因為它們全都是進口貨 因此相當昂貴

So we get to arrange occupational focus groups

所以後來我們將曾經歷截肢的志願者

with our amputee volunteers

依職業分類組成焦點小組

in order to identify which gestures they will use the most, and of those,

以辨認出他們最常使用哪種手勢 以及在這些手勢中

how many we could perform using just a single motor.

有多少可以僅憑一個馬達完成

The answer was three:

答案是三個

pinch,

捏取

cylindrical

握圈

and lateral.

及側夾

This also helps us to reduce the number of electromyography sensors, too,

這也讓我們能減少肌電感測器的數量

from an arrangement of eight, we passed just to one.

從一開始安排的八個 到最後僅需一個

In this way, between makes in mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis,

朝著這個方向，機械義肢和 肌電義肢在經過幾輪研發後

the prices will be dramatically low.

成本已經急遽下降

But material prices matter to.

但材料的成本也很重要

And that's why we choose to 3D print our prosthesis

這就是為什麼我們選擇使用 3D 列印

using mainly plastic from recycled bottles.

並主要以回收空瓶取得的 塑膠來製造義肢

Like the prosthesis I am wearing right now.

也就是我現在配戴的義肢

(Applause)

（掌聲）

In order to develop our prosthesis,

我們開發出義肢的

the process will go like this.

過程如下

First, we'll use our 3D scan

首先用 3D 掃描

and our own parametrization software

和我們自己的參數化軟體

in order to take the measures of the amputated area

取得使用者截肢部位

and the other hand of the user.

和另一隻手的的測量數值

Then we'll recreate the entire set of fingers,

然後我們會在電腦模型中重建

the palm and the prosthesis socket in our computational model

整組手指、手掌和義肢插槽

to finally 3D print each of those parts.

最終用 3D 列印製作這些部分

So far in LAT Bionics,

目前在 LAT Bionics 這間公司

we have two types of prosthesis.

我們有兩種義肢

Maki, which is a mechanical activation

一種是機械啟動的「碼奇」

and Pisko, with electronic activation.

另一種是電子啟動的「皮斯可」

Pisko cost just 10 percent of an imported robotic prosthesis

皮斯可的成本僅約進口機器義肢的

that will come from abroad.

十分之一

This means that even more working-class people can access our technology.

這也表示更多勞動階級的群眾 能取用我們的科技

For me, this has been a path where I was able to develop this

對我來說，正是這樣一路走來

才讓我現在能在 LAT Bionics 公司開發義肢

in my company LAT Bionics.

So, for example, take Franco,

我們拿法蘭柯舉例

[who] now is using his transradial Maki prostheses

他正在使用碼奇上臂義肢

in order to get back to work with his providers

好回去與供應商

on the jungle farm he has.

在他的叢林農場中一起工作

I am certain that we are able to be on the side

我相信我們有實力

with technology that is brought from abroad to our region

能與這些從海外引進

being sold in a very expensive way.

標價高昂的科技品分庭抗禮

We have the capacity to develop our own technology,

我們不但有推動自身科技發展的能力

having the necessities of our people in mind.

也心繫同胞的生活所需

So then people with disabilities and limited resources

所以那些身心障礙和資源有限的人

could live a life again.

能重拾正常生活

For me, when people, our users, get back to work on their places,

對我來說，當我們的用戶 回到他們的工作岡位

that look of compassion changed to astonishment.

當那些憐憫的面孔轉變成滿臉驚訝

The same astonishment which I had when I saw Luke Skywalker prosthesis.

那表情就跟我看到 路克．天行者的義肢一樣

So this began as a path for myself,

這條最初為我自己開闢的路

but it now belongs to my entire region.

現在由全體國民共享

Would you like to join us?

你願意加入我們嗎？

Thank you so much.

感謝大家

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼聲）