The Affordable, 3D-Printed Bionics of the Future | Enzo Romero | TED

Prevoditelj: Slobodan Marinković Recezent: Ivan Luka Sabolović

One in seven people around the world has some kind of disability.

Svaka sedma osoba na svijetu ima neki oblik invaliditeta.

Being born without my right hand has defined who I am

To što sam rođen bez desne ruke oduvijek me definiralo tko sam.

over the past 30 years.

I was fortunate to grow [up] in the sacred valley of the Incas

Imao sam sreću odrastati u svetoj dolini Inka

in Cusco, Peru,

u gradu Cusco u Peruu

surrounded by people who weren't surprised to see me driving my bike

okružen ljudima koji nisu bili iznenađeni vidjeti me kako vozim bicikl

or probably playing basketball.

ili kako igram košarku.

When I was seven, I remember being stunned

Sjećam se kako sam bio zapanjen kad sam sa sedam godina pogledao

after I watched "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back,"

“Ratove zvijezda: Imperij uzvraća udarac,”

when Luke's hand gets cut off,

kada je Lukeu odsječena ruka,

the same one I didn't have.

ista ona koju ja nisam imao.

But then, being twice as stunned

Ali onda, bio sam duplo zapanjeniji

when the medical robots fitted him with a prosthesis

kada su mu roboti liječnici ugradili protezu

that could move and feel.

koja se mogla pomicati i osjećati.

From then on, no greater purpose lived in my mind,

Od tog trenutka, moje misli bile su okupirane

which was to have a prosthesis like Luke Skywalker.

samo željom da imam protezu kao Luke Skywalker.

This dream led me to study mechatronics engineering

Ovaj san me je doveo do studija mehatroničkog inženjerstva

and access the Biomechanics and Applied Robotics Laboratory

i Laboratorija za biomehaniku i primijenjenu robotiku

in Pontifical Catholic University of Peru,

na Papinskom katoličkom sveučilištu u Peruu,

where, with a multidisciplinary team,

gdje smo, s multidisciplinarnim timom,

we developed a myoelectric prosthesis for a long transradial amputation,

razvili mioelektričnu protezu za dugu transradijalnu amputaciju,

being me, the pilot user.

čiji sam pilot-korisnik bio ja.

I was able to move each finger individually.

Mogao sam svaki prst pomicati pojedinačno.

And also we developed a way in which we get to pass the sensation

Također smo razvili način kako prenijeti osjet

from the fingertips into my forearm using haptic feedback system.

od jagodica prstiju u podlakticu koristeći sustav haptičke povratne sprege.

Since this was a research project,

Budući da je ovo bio istraživački projekt,

we had enough funding to buy stuff from abroad.

imali smo dovoljno sredstava da stvari kupimo iz inozemstva.

So, for example, the motors you get to see here,

Tako su, primjerice, svi motori koje možete vidjeti ovdje

were all brought [from] Switzerland.

dobavljeni iz Švicarske.

This is one of the main reasons why it will cost at least 40,000 dollars

To je jedan od razloga zašto će izrada te proteze koštati najmanje 40.000 dolara.

to make this prosthesis.

But 40K is way too much,

Ali, 40 tisuća je puno previše

considering that four out of five people with upper limb amputation

imajući u vidu da četiri od pet osoba s amputacijom gornjih udova

live in developing countries.

živi u zemljama u razvoju.

Even the 25,000 dollars that cost a robotic prosthesis imported from abroad

Čak i onih 25.000 dolara koliko košta robotska proteza uvezena iz inozemstva

is way too much.

je puno previše.

In Peru, that is equivalent to work full time

U Peruu je to jednako kao da radite puno radno vrijeme

on a minimum wage for almost seven years,

s minimalnom plaćom gotovo sedam godina

just to buy the prostheses.

samo kako biste kupili protezu.

Never mind pay for your food or your house.

I sve to bez plaćanja troškova hrane, stanarine ili režija.

It is often that people get injured while doing manual labor activities

Često se događa da se ljudi ozlijede dok rade fizičke poslove

like farming or metal manufacturing.

poput poljoprivrede ili rada u metalnoj industriji.

Getting back to work and having access to money demands a functional hand.

Za povratak na posao i mogućnost zarade nužno je imati funkcionalnu ruku.

It took me time to realize what a huge privilege I had

Trebalo mi je vremena da shvatim kakvu sam veliku privilegiju imao

to study a career that would help fulfill my dreams.

studirati i raditi nešto što mi pomaže ispuniti snove.

But actually,

Ali, što me zapravo sprečavalo da razvijem rješenje

what was preventing me from developing a solution

that was both affordable and functional.

koje je istovremeno povoljno i funkcionalno?

The very first step in order to reducing the cost

Prvi korak u smanjenju troškova

was to reduce the number of motors

bilo je smanjiti broj motora

because they were all imported and therefore expensive.

jer su svi bili iz uvoza, a samim time i skupi.

So we get to arrange occupational focus groups

Stoga smo organizirali radnoterapijske fokus grupe

with our amputee volunteers

s volonterima koji su doživjeli amputacije

in order to identify which gestures they will use the most, and of those,

kako bismo prepoznali koje pokrete najčešće koriste,

a koliko od tih pokreta bismo mogli izvesti koristeći samo jedan motor.

how many we could perform using just a single motor.

The answer was three:

Odgovor je bio tri:

pinch,

pincetni hvat,

cylindrical

cilindrični hvat

and lateral.

i “hvat tanjura”.

This also helps us to reduce the number of electromyography sensors, too,

To nam također pomaže smanjiti broj elektromiografskih senzora,

from an arrangement of eight, we passed just to one.

a sa sustava od osam senzora prešli smo na korištenje samo jednog.

In this way, between makes in mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis,

Na taj način, na tržištu mehaničkih i mioelektričnih proteza,

the prices will be dramatically low.

cijene će biti drastično niske.

But material prices matter to.

Ali, bitne su i cijene materijala.

And that's why we choose to 3D print our prosthesis

Zato smo se odlučili protezu izraditi pomoću 3D printera

using mainly plastic from recycled bottles.

koristeći uglavnom plastiku dobivenu iz recikliranih boca

Like the prosthesis I am wearing right now.

baš kao što je slučaj s protezom koju upravo nosim.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

In order to develop our prosthesis,

Kako bismo razvili našu protezu

the process will go like this.

postupak ide ovako.

First, we'll use our 3D scan

Najprije ćemo koristiti 3D skeniranje

and our own parametrization software

i vlastiti softver za parametrizaciju

in order to take the measures of the amputated area

kako bismo izmjerili amputirano područje,

and the other hand of the user.

ali i korisnikovu drugu ruku.

Then we'll recreate the entire set of fingers,

Nakon toga, stvorit ćemo cijeli set prstiju,

the palm and the prosthesis socket in our computational model

dlan i ležište proteze pomoću našeg računskog modela

to finally 3D print each of those parts.

kako bismo naposljetku isprintali 3D modele tih dijelova.

So far in LAT Bionics,

Zasad u LAT Bionicsu

we have two types of prosthesis.

imamo dvije vrste proteza.

Maki, which is a mechanical activation

Maki, koji se aktivira mehanički

and Pisko, with electronic activation.

i Pisko, koji se aktivira elektronički.

Pisko cost just 10 percent of an imported robotic prosthesis

Pisko košta samo 10 posto u odnosu na cijenu uvozne robotske proteze

that will come from abroad.

koja će doći iz inozemstva.

This means that even more working-class people can access our technology.

To znači da još više pripadnika radničke klase može imati pristup ovoj tehnologiji.

For me, this has been a path where I was able to develop this

Za mene je to bio put na kojemu sam ovo mogao razviti

in my company LAT Bionics.

u svojoj tvrtki LAT Bionics.

So, for example, take Franco,

Tako, na primjer, Franco,

[who] now is using his transradial Maki prostheses

sada koristi svoje transradijalne Maki proteze

in order to get back to work with his providers

kako bi se vratio na posao

on the jungle farm he has.

na svojoj farmi.

I am certain that we are able to be on the side

Siguran sam da se možemo odvojiti

with technology that is brought from abroad to our region

od tehnologije koja se donosi iz inozemstva u naše krajeve

being sold in a very expensive way.

i prodaje se po vrlo visokim cijenama.

We have the capacity to develop our own technology,

Mi imamo kapacitet za razvoj naše vlastite tehnologije

having the necessities of our people in mind.

imajući na umu potrebe naših ljudi.

So then people with disabilities and limited resources

Tako bi osobe s invaliditetom i ograničenim sredstvima

could live a life again.

mogli ponovno “živjeti punim plućima”.

For me, when people, our users, get back to work on their places,

Kod mene, kada se ljudi, naši korisnici, vrate na posao, na svoja radna mjesta,

that look of compassion changed to astonishment.

taj pogled pun suosjećanja promijenio se u divljenje i zapanjenost.

The same astonishment which I had when I saw Luke Skywalker prosthesis.

Istu onu zadivljenost koju sam ja osjećao kada sam vidio protezu Lukea Skywalkera.

So this began as a path for myself,

Dakle, ovo je počelo kao put za mene samoga,

but it now belongs to my entire region.

ali sada pripada cijeloj mojoj regiji.

Would you like to join us?

Biste li nam se pridružili?

Thank you so much.

Hvala vam puno!

(Applause and cheers)

(Pljesak i ovacije)