The 15-minute city | Carlos Moreno

Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs

翻译人员: TED Translators Admin 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

For too long, those of us who live in cities big and small

长久以来，无论是生活在 大城市还是小城市里的我们——

都已经接受了无法接受的现状。

have accepted the unacceptable.

We accept that in cities our sense of time is warped,

我们接受了这样的事实： 在城市中，我们的时间观念退化了，

because we have to waste so much of it

因为我们不得不浪费大量时间来

just adapting to the absurd organization and long distances

适应今天大多数城市

极不合理的结构规划 和不同地点之间遥远的距离。

of most of today's cities.

Why is it we who have to adapt

我们为什么不得不适应这些不便，

and to degrade our potential quality of life?

并降低自己的潜在生活质量？

Why is it not the city that responds to our needs?

为什么不让城市 反过来满足我们的需要？

Why have we left cities to develop on the wrong path for so long?

为什么我们让城市 沿着错误的道路发展了这么久？

I would like to offer a concept of cities

在此，我要提出一个 与现代大都市的发展方向相反的

that goes in the opposite direction to modern urbanism,

新的城市概念，

an attempt at converging life into a human-sized space

即尝试把生活融合进 一个以人为本的空间内，

rather than fracturing it into inhuman bigness

而不是将其分散在该空间之外，

and then forcing us to adapt.

并强迫我们去适应。

I call it "the 15-minute city."

我称之为“15 分钟城市”。

And in a nutshell,

简而言之，

the idea is that cities should be designed or redesigned

城市应该被设计或重新设计，

so that within the distance of a 15-minute walk

在步行或骑车

or bike ride,

15 分钟的距离内，

people should be able to live

人们就能够充分体验到

the essence of what constitutes the urban experience:

城市特有的便利——

to access work,

外出工作、

housing,

回家，

food, health, education,

获取食物、

健康、

教育、

culture and leisure.

文化

和休闲。

Have you ever stopped to ask yourself:

你是否曾心生疑惑：

Why does a noisy and polluted street need to be a noisy and polluted street?

街道本就应该是

喧闹和脏乱的吗？

Just because it is?

有办法改善吗？

Why can't it be a garden street lined with trees,

为什么不能是 绿树成荫的花园街道？

where people can actually meet and walk to the baker

人们能够边聊天边步行 去附近的面包店，

and kids can walk to school?

孩子也能够走路去学校？

Our acceptance of the dysfunctions and indignities of modern cities

我们对现代城市的 混乱和糟糕的市容

has reached a peak.

已经容忍到了极点。

We need to change that.

我们要改变现状——

We need to change it for the sake of justice,

为了公正、我们的福祉和气候

of our well-being

而彻底改变城市的面貌。

and of the climate.

What do we need to create 15-minute cities?

我们为什么需要 打造 “15 分钟城市”？

First, we need to start asking questions that we have forgotten.

首先，我们需要问一问 早已被我们忘却的问题。

For instance, we need to look hard at how we use our square meters.

例如，我们需要认真考虑 如何利用好每一寸土地。

What is that space for?

每个地方用来做什么？

谁在使用， 以及如何使用这片区域？

Who's using it and how?

We need to understand what resources we have

我们要清楚我们有哪些资源，

and how they are used.

以及这些资源 是否得到了合理利用。

Then we need to ask what services are available in the vicinity --

然后，我们要问问 周围有哪些服务设施——

not only in the city center,

不仅是在市中心，

in every vicinity.

而是在每一片区域——

Health providers, shops, artisans, markets,

医疗卫生机构、商店、 工艺品店、市场、

sports, cultural life,

运动场所、文化生活、

schools, parks.

学校、

公园，等等。

Are there green areas?

有自然景观吗？

Are there water fountains placed to cool off

在频繁的酷热天气中，

这些地方有喷泉可以消暑吗？

during the frequent heat waves?

We also have to ask ourselves:

我们还得问问自己：

How do we work?

我们如何工作？

Why is the place I live here, and work is far away?

为什么工作的地方离我家那么远？

We need to rethink cities around the four guiding principles

我们需要围绕以下这四项指导原则 重新思考城市的设计，

that are the key building blocks of the 15-minute city.

它们是“15 分钟城市”的重要基石。

First, ecology: for a green and sustainable city.

首先，以生态学为指导： 建设绿色、可持续的城市。

Second, proximity:

第二，邻近居住：

to live with reduced distance to other activities.

缩短居住地与 其他日常活动地点的距离。

Third, solidarity: to create links between people.

第三，团结： 打造人与人之间的联系。

Finally, participation should actively involve citizens

最后，居民们应该

in the transformation of their neighborhood.

积极参与社区的改造。

Don't get me wrong --

但我要澄清一点，

I'm not angling for cities to become rural hamlets.

我不是要把城市变成小村庄。

Urban life is vibrant and creative.

城市生活是充满生机和创造力的。

Cities are places of economic dynamism and innovation.

城市是经济活力和创新的体现。

But we need to make urban life more pleasant, agile,

但我们要让城市生活 更加令人愉悦，

更加充满生机、健康和灵活性。

healthy and flexible.

To do so, we need to make sure everyone --

为了做到这一点， 我们要保证每个人——

and I mean everyone,

我说的是每个人，

those living downtown and those living at the fringes --

所有住在市中心和郊区的人——

has access to all key services within proximity.

都能在住所附近获取到 重要的社区服务。

How do we get this done?

如何做到这一点呢？

The first city to adopt the 15-minute city idea

第一个采用 “15 分钟城市”概念的城市

is Paris,

就是法国的

France.

巴黎。

Mayor Anne Hidalgo has suggested a big bang of proximity,

市长安妮·伊达尔戈（Anne Hidalgo） 提出了“邻近大爆炸”的建议，

which includes, for instance, a massive decentralization,

包括，例如

大规模去中心化，

developing new services for each of the districts --

为每个区域开发新的服务，

(City sounds)

（城市噪音）

a reduction of traffic by increasing bike lanes into spaces of leisure;

通过增加基于自行车道的休闲空间 来减少交通拥堵，

new economic models to encourage local shops;

用新的经济模式来鼓励 打造更多当地的商铺，

building more green spaces;

更多绿色空间，

transform existing infrastructure,

转变现有基础设施，等等。

for instance, fabrication labs in sports centers

例如在晚间，把创意实验活动中心 改造成运动中心，

or turning schools into neighborhood centers in the evenings.

或者把学校改造成社区活动中心。

That's actually a golden rule of the 15-minute city:

这就是“15 分钟城市”的黄金法则——

every square meter that’s already built should be used for different things.

每一寸建成的土地都应当

具备不同的用途。

The 15-minute city is an attempt to reconcile the city

“15 分钟城市”就是让城市

和城市中的居民 和谐共处的一种尝试。

with the humans that live in it.

The 15-minute city should have three key features.

这个概念应当有三个主要特点。

First, the rhythm of the city should follow humans, not cars.

首先，城市节奏应当依从人类， 而不是车辆。

Second, each square meter should serve many different purposes.

第二，每一寸土地都应当 具备不同的用途。

Finally, neighborhoods should be designed

最后，社区的设计应该让我们能够

so that we can live, work and thrive in them

在其中生活、工作和健康发展，

without having to constantly commute elsewhere.

而不必经常往返于不同的地点。

It's funny if you think of it:

仔细想想， 这是个很有意思的现象：

the way many modern cities are designed

现代城市的设计

is often determined by the imperative to save time,

常常是为了节省时间，

and yet so much time is lost to commuting,

然而我们都身处 一个虚幻的加速泡沫中，

sitting in traffic jams,

反而把大量时间浪费在通勤、

driving to a mall,

交通拥堵

in a bubble of illusory acceleration.

和驾车购物的途中。

The 15-minute city idea answers the question of saving time

“15 分钟城市”这一概念

by turning it on its head,

颠覆了传统的生活节奏，

by suggesting a different pace of life.

为如何节省时间的问题 提出了自己的答案——

A 15-minute pace.

“15 分钟节奏”。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。