The 15-minute city | Carlos Moreno

Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Amanda Zhu

For too long, those of us who live in cities big and small

長久以來，住在大小城市中的我們

have accepted the unacceptable.

已經接受了不能接受的一切。

We accept that in cities our sense of time is warped,

我們接受我們在城市中的 時間感會受到扭曲，

because we have to waste so much of it

因為我們浪費了好多時間，

just adapting to the absurd organization and long distances

只為了去適應現今大部分城市

of most of today's cities.

荒謬的建構方式以及長程距離。

Why is it we who have to adapt

為什麼要由我們來適應，

and to degrade our potential quality of life?

並降低我們的生活品質？

Why is it not the city that responds to our needs?

為什麼不是城市來因應我們的需求？

Why have we left cities to develop on the wrong path for so long?

為什麼長久以來

我們都任由城市朝錯的方向發展？

I would like to offer a concept of cities

我想要提出一種城市的概念，

that goes in the opposite direction to modern urbanism,

它和現代城市主義完全相反，

an attempt at converging life into a human-sized space

嘗試將生活匯聚在 適合人類的活動範圍，

rather than fracturing it into inhuman bigness

而不是將各種生活機能打散， 分布在不人道的巨大空間裡，

and then forcing us to adapt.

然後迫使我們去適應。

I call it "the 15-minute city."

我稱這個概念為「十五分鐘城市」。

And in a nutshell,

概括來說，

the idea is that cities should be designed or redesigned

這個想法就是要把城市 設計成／重新設計成

so that within the distance of a 15-minute walk

在步行或騎自行車

十五分鐘的距離內，

or bike ride,

people should be able to live

民眾就可以取得

the essence of what constitutes the urban experience:

都市生活體驗的精隨：

to access work,

工作、

housing,

住房、食物、健康、

food, health, education,

教育、文化，和休閒。

culture and leisure.

Have you ever stopped to ask yourself:

你是否曾經停下來問問自己：

Why does a noisy and polluted street need to be a noisy and polluted street?

為什麼吵鬧且受到污染的街道

要這麼吵鬧且受到污染？

Just because it is?

因為它就是這樣？

Why can't it be a garden street lined with trees,

為什麼它不能是沿路種樹的花園街道，

where people can actually meet and walk to the baker

讓大家可以在街道上見面， 走路到麵包店，

and kids can walk to school?

孩子可以走路上學？

Our acceptance of the dysfunctions and indignities of modern cities

我們對於現代城市的 功能不良及缺乏尊嚴的接受度

has reached a peak.

已經達到了高點。

We need to change that.

我們必須改變這一點。

We need to change it for the sake of justice,

為的是正義，

of our well-being

為的是我們的幸福，

and of the climate.

為的是氣候。

What do we need to create 15-minute cities?

建造十五分鐘城市需要些什麼？

First, we need to start asking questions that we have forgotten.

首先，

我們必須要開始問 一些我們已經遺忘的問題。

For instance, we need to look hard at how we use our square meters.

比如，

我們需要仔細審視 我們怎麼運用每平方公尺。

What is that space for?

那塊空間是做什麼用的？

Who's using it and how?

誰在使用它？怎麼用？

We need to understand what resources we have

我們必須要知道我們有什麼資源，

and how they are used.

以及這些資源怎麼運用。

Then we need to ask what services are available in the vicinity --

接著，我們必須要問，

鄰近地區可以取得哪些服務——

not only in the city center,

不只是在市中心，

in every vicinity.

而是在所有地方的鄰近地區。

Health providers, shops, artisans, markets,

有哪些醫療單位、商店、工匠、市場、

sports, cultural life,

運動、文化生活、

schools, parks.

學校、公園。

Are there green areas?

有綠色區域嗎？

Are there water fountains placed to cool off

在經常性的熱浪來襲時，

during the frequent heat waves?

有噴水池來幫助消暑嗎？

We also have to ask ourselves:

我們也得問自己：我們怎麼工作？

How do we work?

Why is the place I live here, and work is far away?

為什麼我住在這裡，

卻到好遠的地方去工作？

We need to rethink cities around the four guiding principles

我們需要根據四條 指導方針來重新思考城市，

that are the key building blocks of the 15-minute city.

這些方針是十五分鐘 城市的重要基石。

First, ecology: for a green and sustainable city.

第一、生態：

以建設綠色且永續的城市。

Second, proximity:

第二、鄰近性：

to live with reduced distance to other activities.

居住地離其他活動的距離要縮短。

Third, solidarity: to create links between people.

第三、團結：

在人與人之間建立連結。

Finally, participation should actively involve citizens

最後，參與：

應該要主動讓市民

in the transformation of their neighborhood.

一起參與他們鄰里的轉型。

Don't get me wrong --

別誤會，

I'm not angling for cities to become rural hamlets.

我並不是要把城市調整成鄉間小村子。

Urban life is vibrant and creative.

都市生活有生氣也有創意。

Cities are places of economic dynamism and innovation.

城市是經濟活力和創新的地方。

But we need to make urban life more pleasant, agile,

但我們必須要讓都市生活 變得更愉悅、靈活、

healthy and flexible.

健康、有彈性。

To do so, we need to make sure everyone --

要達到這個目標，就要確保每一個人

and I mean everyone,

——真的是每一個人，

those living downtown and those living at the fringes --

住在鬧區以及周邊地區的人——

has access to all key services within proximity.

能夠在鄰近地區取得所有重要服務。

How do we get this done?

我們要如何做到這一點？

The first city to adopt the 15-minute city idea

第一個採用十五分鐘城市概念的城市

is Paris,

是法國巴黎。

France.

Mayor Anne Hidalgo has suggested a big bang of proximity,

市長安娜伊達爾戈建議

針對鄰近性進行大改革，

which includes, for instance, a massive decentralization,

改革內容包括：

大規模分散化，

developing new services for each of the districts --

為每一區開發新的服務——

(City sounds)

（城市聲）

a reduction of traffic by increasing bike lanes into spaces of leisure;

在休閒空間中增加 自行車道，來減少交通流量；

new economic models to encourage local shops;

新經濟模型，來鼓勵商家在當地開店；

building more green spaces;

建造更多綠色空間；

transform existing infrastructure,

將既有基礎設施轉型，

for instance, fabrication labs in sports centers

比如，在運動中心裡設立創客實驗室，

or turning schools into neighborhood centers in the evenings.

或在晚上將學校 當作民眾活動中心來使用。

That's actually a golden rule of the 15-minute city:

那其實就是十五分鐘 城市的黃金規則：

every square meter that’s already built should be used for different things.

已經建造的每一平方公尺

都應該要用在不同的地方。

The 15-minute city is an attempt to reconcile the city

十五分鐘城市是在嘗試

讓城市和其中的居民能夠「復合」。

with the humans that live in it.

The 15-minute city should have three key features.

十五分鐘城市應該 要有三個關鍵特色。

First, the rhythm of the city should follow humans, not cars.

第一、城市的節奏

應該要以人為準，而不是車。

Second, each square meter should serve many different purposes.

第二、每一平方公尺

都應該用在不同的目的上。

Finally, neighborhoods should be designed

最後，每個鄰里的設計應該是

so that we can live, work and thrive in them

讓我們能在那裡居住、工作、茁壯，

without having to constantly commute elsewhere.

不用經常通勤到其他地方。

It's funny if you think of it:

仔細想想是很有趣的：

the way many modern cities are designed

許多現代城市的設計方式

is often determined by the imperative to save time,

都是依照節省時間的原則，

and yet so much time is lost to commuting,

但卻有這麼多時間浪費在通勤、

sitting in traffic jams,

塞車、

driving to a mall,

開車去購物中心，

in a bubble of illusory acceleration.

活在自以為在加速的幻覺泡泡當中。

The 15-minute city idea answers the question of saving time

十五分鐘城市節省時間的方式

by turning it on its head,

是一個一百八十度的大轉變——

by suggesting a different pace of life.

建議採用不同的生活步調。

A 15-minute pace.

十五分鐘的步調。

Thank you.

謝謝。