The 15-minute city | Carlos Moreno

126,092 views ใƒป 2021-01-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shon Gurevich ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ, ืืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ึพืงื‘ื™ืœ.
00:13
For too long, those of us who live in cities big and small
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืขื ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ื•ืช,
00:18
have accepted the unacceptable.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื ื•
00:21
We accept that in cities our sense of time is warped,
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ืจืง ื‘ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™ ื•ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื
00:27
because we have to waste so much of it
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ืฉืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ
00:31
just adapting to the absurd organization and long distances
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ื•ืœืฉื ืžืš ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
00:35
of most of today's cities.
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00:39
Why is it we who have to adapt
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ืœืžื” ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
00:43
and to degrade our potential quality of life?
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ืœืžื” ื ื˜ืฉื ื• ืขืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืœืึพื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœโ€ึพื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ?
00:47
Why is it not the city that responds to our needs?
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00:52
Why have we left cities to develop on the wrong path for so long?
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืžื— ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื
ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
01:00
I would like to offer a concept of cities
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ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื ืก ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™
01:03
that goes in the opposite direction to modern urbanism,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืจืง ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ืœืึพืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
01:09
an attempt at converging life into a human-sized space
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ.
01:15
rather than fracturing it into inhuman bigness
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” โ€œืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช.โ€
ื•ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื–ืœื’,
01:20
and then forcing us to adapt.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ
01:23
I call it "the 15-minute city."
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช
01:27
And in a nutshell,
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01:29
the idea is that cities should be designed or redesigned
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ืื• ืžืจื—ืง ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช
01:35
so that within the distance of a 15-minute walk
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ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช:
01:40
or bike ride,
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
01:42
people should be able to live
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ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
01:44
the essence of what constitutes the urban experience:
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ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคื ืื™.
01:49
to access work,
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01:52
housing,
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืขืฆืจืชื ื•ืฉืืœืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื:
01:53
food, health, education,
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ืœืžื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจื•ืขืฉ ื•ืžื–ื•ื”ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจื•ืขืฉ ื•ืžื–ื•ื”ื?
01:57
culture and leisure.
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02:00
Have you ever stopped to ask yourself:
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ืกืชื ื›ื™ ื›ื›ื”?
02:04
Why does a noisy and polluted street need to be a noisy and polluted street?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื ื’ื™ื ื”, ื•ืฉืœืื•ืจื›ื• ืขืฆื™ื,
ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ืคื”
02:10
Just because it is?
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02:12
Why can't it be a garden street lined with trees,
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ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ?
ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช
02:17
where people can actually meet and walk to the baker
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02:21
and kids can walk to school?
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
02:24
Our acceptance of the dysfunctions and indignities of modern cities
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉื ื”ืฆื“ืง,
ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•
02:30
has reached a peak.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
02:32
We need to change that.
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02:33
We need to change it for the sake of justice,
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ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช?
02:37
of our well-being
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืฉื›ื—ื ื•.
02:39
and of the climate.
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02:42
What do we need to create 15-minute cities?
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:47
First, we need to start asking questions that we have forgotten.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื–ื”?
02:53
For instance, we need to look hard at how we use our square meters.
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ืžื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื•ืื™ืš?
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
02:59
What is that space for?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื.
03:02
Who's using it and how?
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” --
03:05
We need to understand what resources we have
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03:08
and how they are used.
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ,
03:11
Then we need to ask what services are available in the vicinity --
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ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
ืกืคืงื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืจื˜ื™ื–ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื,
03:18
not only in the city center,
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ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
03:21
in every vicinity.
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื’ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
03:23
Health providers, shops, artisans, markets,
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื?
ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื–ืจืงื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจืจ
03:28
sports, cultural life,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื™ื?
03:30
schools, parks.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•:
03:32
Are there green areas?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื?
03:34
Are there water fountains placed to cool off
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ืœืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื•, ื”ื ื›ืœึพื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื?
03:37
during the frequent heat waves?
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03:40
We also have to ask ourselves:
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03:42
How do we work?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื
03:43
Why is the place I live here, and work is far away?
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ืฉื”ื ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช.
03:50
We need to rethink cities around the four guiding principles
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช.
03:55
that are the key building blocks of the 15-minute city.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืงืจื‘ื”:
04:00
First, ecology: for a green and sustainable city.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช: ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช: ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:06
Second, proximity:
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04:08
to live with reduced distance to other activities.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
04:14
Third, solidarity: to create links between people.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
04:20
Finally, participation should actively involve citizens
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ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ --
ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื“ื“ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืคืจื™ื•ืช.
04:25
in the transformation of their neighborhood.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชื–ื–ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื.
04:30
Don't get me wrong --
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04:31
I'm not angling for cities to become rural hamlets.
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ืขืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช.
04:36
Urban life is vibrant and creative.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืœืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:40
Cities are places of economic dynamism and innovation.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
04:47
But we need to make urban life more pleasant, agile,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื --
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื
04:52
healthy and flexible.
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ืืœื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืืœื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช --
04:55
To do so, we need to make sure everyone --
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื”ื.
04:59
and I mean everyone,
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05:01
those living downtown and those living at the fringes --
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
05:05
has access to all key services within proximity.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช
05:11
How do we get this done?
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ื”ื™ื ืคืจื™ื–,
ืฆืจืคืช.
ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืืœื’ื• ื”ืฆื™ืข ืžืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื”,
05:15
The first city to adopt the 15-minute city idea
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05:19
is Paris,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™,
05:21
France.
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05:22
Mayor Anne Hidalgo has suggested a big bang of proximity,
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ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื --
05:28
which includes, for instance, a massive decentralization,
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(ืจืขืฉ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™)
ืฆืžืฆืžื•ื ืชื ื•ืขืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืคื ืื™;
05:33
developing new services for each of the districts --
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05:36
(City sounds)
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ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช;
05:38
a reduction of traffic by increasing bike lanes into spaces of leisure;
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื;
ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
05:45
new economic models to encourage local shops;
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜
05:49
building more green spaces;
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05:52
transform existing infrastructure,
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ืื• ื”ืกื‘ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื.
05:56
for instance, fabrication labs in sports centers
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช:
06:01
or turning schools into neighborhood centers in the evenings.
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ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืžืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:06
That's actually a golden rule of the 15-minute city:
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06:12
every square meter thatโ€™s already built should be used for different things.
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ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”.
06:21
The 15-minute city is an attempt to reconcile the city
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ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
06:27
with the humans that live in it.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:30
The 15-minute city should have three key features.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืจืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
06:36
First, the rhythm of the city should follow humans, not cars.
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06:42
Second, each square meter should serve many different purposes.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ
06:50
Finally, neighborhoods should be designed
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
06:55
so that we can live, work and thrive in them
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”:
ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช
07:01
without having to constantly commute elsewhere.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ,
07:05
It's funny if you think of it:
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืœึพื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื ืื‘ื“ ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช,
07:08
the way many modern cities are designed
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07:11
is often determined by the imperative to save time,
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ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืคืงืงื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”,
ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืงื ื™ื•ืŸ,
07:16
and yet so much time is lost to commuting,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืืฆื”.
07:20
sitting in traffic jams,
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจ 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
07:22
driving to a mall,
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07:24
in a bubble of illusory acceleration.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื”,
07:30
The 15-minute city idea answers the question of saving time
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืขืช ืงืฆื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ.
07:35
by turning it on its head,
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ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช.
07:39
by suggesting a different pace of life.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
07:44
A 15-minute pace.
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07:48
Thank you.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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