David Birch: A new way to stop identity theft

翻译人员: Tingting Zhao 校对人员: Sherry Chen

So I thought I'd talk about identity.

我要讲的和身份有关。

That's sort of an interesting enough topic to me.

对我来说，这是一个相当有趣的话题。

And the reason was, because when I was asked to do this,

因为当我受邀来做这次演讲时，

I'd just read in one of the papers, I can't remember,

我正好读到一篇文章， 我不大记得具体是哪篇了，

是脸书上某个人分享，文章说：

something from someone at Facebook saying,

"Well, we need to make everybody use their real names,

“我们需要使每个人都使用真名。”

这样一来，所有问题 基本上都会迎刃而解。

and then that's basically all the problems solved."

真是大错而特错。

And that's so wrong,

that's such a fundamentally reactionary view of identity,

这根本就是一种关于身份的谬论，

and it's going to get us into all sorts of trouble.

这会使得我们陷入各种麻烦。

And so what I thought I'd do is,

所以我想，

首先解释关于身份的四个问题，

I'll explain four sort of problems about it,

然后提出我的解决方案，

and then I'll suggest a solution,

希望各位也会感兴趣。

which, hopefully, you might find interesting.

我们先设定这样一个问题，

So just to frame the problem:

What does "authenticity" mean?

何为真实性？

That's me,

这个是我用手机拍摄的照片，

that's a camera phone picture of me looking at a painting.

那时我正在看一幅油画。

[What's the Problem?]

”问题出在哪里？“

这是由一位知名的伪造者

That's a painting that was painted by a very famous forger,

完成的油画，

and because I'm not very good at presentations,

因为我不是很擅长演讲，

我这会已想不起来我记在 卡片上的那个伪造者的名字了。

I already can't remember the name that I wrote on my card.

And he was incarcerated in, I think, Wakefield Prison,

他被监禁在韦克菲尔德监狱，

for forging masterpieces by, I think, French Impressionists.

罪名是伪造法国印象派 画家的杰出作品。

他对此相当擅长， 以至于在他服刑期间

And he's so good at it that when he was in prison,

everybody in prison, the governor and whatever,

监狱里的每一个人， 包括监狱长之类的，

都希望请他画一些 这样的杰作，挂在自家墙头。

wanted him to paint masterpieces to put on the walls

because they were so good.

因为他实在是画得很棒，

这就是其中一副杰作，

And so that's a masterpiece, which is a fake of a masterpiece,

一副伪造的赝品，

and bonded into the canvas is a chip which identifies that as a real fake,

画框上有一个小芯片， 用于标示它是一副“真正的赝品”，

如果你们理解我的意思的话。

if you see what I mean.

(Laughter)

(笑声)

So when we're talking about authenticity,

因此当我们谈论真实性的时候，

it's a little more fractal than it appears,

总是比看起来要更复杂， 而那就是一个很好的例子。

and that's a good example to show it.

I tried to pick four problems that will frame the issue properly.

我尝试选择四个问题， 来合理的组织这个话题。

So the first problem, I thought, chip and PIN, right?

我想，第一个问题应该是

芯片和密码， 是吧？

[Banks and legacies bringing down the system from within]

“银行遗产使得系统从内部崩溃”

”离线方案无法在线运行“

[Offline solutions do not work online]

我想每个人都应该有 一张芯片卡，对吧？

Everyone's got a chip and PIN card, right?

为什么说它是一个好例证呢？

So why is that a good example?

因为它从遗产的角度展现了，

That's the example of how legacy thinking about identity

subverts the security of a well-constructed system.

身份如何摧毁一个健壮的系统。

That chip-and-PIN card that's in your pocket

你口袋里的芯片卡

has a little chip on it that cost millions of pounds to develop,

上面有一块小芯片， 那是耗资数百万英镑开发出来的，

is extremely secure,

它非常安全，

you can put scanning electron microscopes on it,

你可以放一个扫描电子显微镜在上面，

you can try and grind it down, blah blah blah.

或者试试磨损它之类的。

Those chips have never been broken, whatever you read in the paper.

这些芯片其实从没被毁坏过， 无论报纸上怎么说。

说个笑话吧， 我们持有超级安全的芯片卡，

And for a joke, we take that supersecure chip,

and we bond it to a trivially counterfeitable magnetic stripe.

把它们绑在一个稍许伪造的磁条上，

针对那些很懒的罪犯， 我们在磁条上做了浮雕图案。

And for very lazy criminals, we still emboss the card.

So if you're a criminal in a hurry and you need to copy someone's card,

如果你是一个心急的犯案分子， 你想要复制某人的卡片，

你只需要贴一张纸在上面， 用铅笔涂就可以了，

you can just stick a piece of paper on it and rub a pencil over it

这样就可以加快速度。

just to speed things up.

更有趣的是，我们的借记卡也这样。

And even more amusingly, and on my debit card, too,

我们在正面印上姓名， SALT码和其他信息。

we print the name and the sort code and everything else on the front.

为什么呢？

Why?

There is no earthly reason why your name is printed on a chip-and-PIN card.

似乎没什么站得住脚理由， 把我们的名字印在芯片卡上。

And if you think about it,

如果你仔细想想，

it's even more insidious and perverse than it seems at first.

就会觉得更加荒谬反常了。

Because the only people that benefit from having the name on the card

因为整个事情的真正受益者

只有犯罪分子。

are criminals.

你是知道自己的名字的，对吧？

You know what your name is, right?

(笑声)

(Laughter)

当你去商店购物的时候，

And when you go into a shop and buy something,

只需要你的密码， 不会关心你叫什么姓名。

it's a PIN -- he doesn't care what the name is.

The only place you ever have to write your name on the back

要求你必须在卡背面 写上自己名字的地方，

is in America.

目前只有美国。

Whenever I go to America,

每次去美国的时候，

我必须用卡背面的磁条付款，

and I have to pay with a magstripe on the back of the card,

我的签名一直是“卡洛斯•特瑟”，

I always sign it "Carlos Tethers" anyway, just as a security mechanism,

这是一种安全机制。

因为一旦有有争议的付款出现，

because if a transaction ever gets disputed,

显示签名戴維•波奇，

and it comes back and it says "Dave Birch,"

我就能判别那一定是犯罪分子，

I know it must have been a criminal,

因为我从来不会签自己的真名。

because I would never sign it "Dave Birch."

(Laughter)

(笑声)

So if you drop your card in the street,

如果你弄丢了你的卡，

it means a criminal can pick it up and read it.

这就意味着可能被犯罪分子捡到，

他们认得你的名字，

They know the name, from the name, they can find the address,

并能根据你的姓名找到地址，

这样他们就可以拿着去网上购物了。

and then they can go off and buy stuff online.

那么为什么我们要把姓名写在卡上呢？

Why do we put the name on the card?

Because we think identity is something to do with names,

因为我们认为身份和姓名有关，

and because we're rooted in the idea of the identity card,

而身份证的概念深入我们内心，

没法摆脱。

which obsesses us.

And I know it crashed and burned a couple of years ago,

我知道十几年前这个话题 被吵得热火朝天，

但如果你是政客或者内政部的什么人，

but if you're someone in politics or the Home Office or whatever,

and you think about identity,

对于你来说，

you can only think of identity in terms of cards with names on.

身份就只能靠卡片上的姓名定义了。

在现代社会这是极具颠覆性的。

And that's very subversive in a modern world.

So the second example I thought I'd use

第二个我想用的是

is chat rooms.

聊天室的例子。

[Chatrooms and Children]

”聊天室和孩子“

I'm very proud of that picture.

我对这张照片非常引以为豪， 这是我的儿子，

That's my son playing in his band with his friends

和他的朋友组合的乐队 在举行他们的首次演出。

for the first-ever gig, I believe you call it, where he got paid.

我相信你们会这么称呼它， 他是有收入的。

(Laughter)

(笑声)

And I love that picture.

我爱死这幅图片了，

I'll like the picture of him getting into medical school a lot better,

我更喜欢他进医学院的那张，

(笑声)

(Laughter)

不过我现在是喜欢那张更多一些。

I like that one for the moment.

我为什么用这个呢？

Why do I use that picture?

因为作为一个老人回顾这些经历， 实在很有趣。

Because that was very interesting, watching that experience as an old person.

他（我的儿子）和他的朋友们，

So him and his friends,

they get together, they booked a room, like a church hall,

一起租了一间类似教堂大厅的房间。

他们召集了所有玩乐队的朋友，

and they got all their friends who had bands, got them together,

把他们聚在一起，

and they do it all on Facebook,

这些都是完全通过脸书完成的。

然后他们出售演出票， 那上面的第一个乐队 ——

and then they sell tickets, and the first band on the --

I was going to say "menu," that's probably the wrong word for it, isn't it?

我刚才想说在“菜单”上面，

这个词也许用得不对吧？

在列表中的第一个乐队，

The first band on the list of bands

在某种公众表演中

that appears at some public music performance of some kind

gets the sales from the first 20 tickets,

销售了第一个 20 张演出票，

then the next band gets the next 20,

第二个乐队卖掉下一个 20 张，

and so on.

以此类推。

They were at the bottom of the menu, like, fifth,

我儿子的乐队在菜单的最下面，

大约第五个， 我本想他们没什么机会了，

I thought they had no chance.

但他们竟然赚了 20 英镑， 很不可思议，对吧？

He actually got 20 quid. Fantastic, right?

我想要说的是， 所有一切都运作很完美，

But my point is, that all worked perfectly,

除了在网络上，

except on the web.

So they're sitting on Facebook,

他们通过脸书

传递消息，安排事情，

and they're sending these messages and arranging things,

他们并不知道谁是谁，对吧？

and they don't know who anybody is, right?

That's the problem we're trying to solve.

这是我们正在设法解决的最大问题。

只要他们使用了真实姓名，

If only they were using real names,

你就不会再担心互联网上那些人了。

then you wouldn't be worried about them on the internet.

因此当他对我说，

So when he says to me,

“我想去聊天室谈一下吉他的事情” 诸如此类的，

"Oh, I want to go to a chat room to talk about guitars" or something,

我差不多会说： “哦 我不想你去聊天室谈这些事，

I'm like, "Oh, well, I don't want you to go into a chat room

to talk about guitars,

因为他们可能不全是你的朋友，

because they might not all be your friends,

聊天室的一些人

and some of the people that are in the chat room

可能会是变态、老师、 或者传教士什么的。”

might be, you know, perverts and teachers and vicars --"

(Laughter)

(笑声)

I mean, they generally are, when you look in the paper, right?

我的意思是，他们通常如此， 如果你看报纸的话，不是吗？

我想知道聊天室里都有些什么人。

"So I want to know who all the people in the chat room are.

So, OK, you can go in the chat room,

好吧，你可以去聊天室，

但除非每个人都用真名，

but only if everybody in the chat room is using their real names,

而且提交了警方的完整案底。

and they submit full copies of their police report."

(Laughter)

But of course, if anybody in the chat room asked for his real name,

当然啦，如果聊天室里 有人要问我儿子的真实姓名，

我都会拒绝 。绝对不能给真名。

I'd say, "No. You can't give them your real name,

因为如果他们是变态怎么办？

because what happens if they turn out to be perverts

是老师什么的怎么办？

and teachers and whatever?"

So you have this odd sort of paradox

所以说 你有这类怪异的矛盾

就是说，我乐意让他去一个

where I'm happy for him to go into this space

知道每个人身份的空间，

if I know who everybody else is,

but I don't want anybody else to know who he is.

但我不想让其他任何人知道他是谁。

And so you get this sort of logjam around identity,

就这样我们陷入了某种身份僵局，

你希望每个人都完全公开，

where you want full disclosure from everybody else,

除了你自己。

but not from yourself.

这样就不会有什么改观， 我们陷入了困境，

And there's no progress, we get stuck.

而聊天室就没法正常运作了。

So the chat room thing doesn't work properly,

这是对于身份问题 一种糟糕的理解方式。

and it's a very bad way of thinking about identity.

Cheerleading ... so, on my RSS feed, I saw this thing about --

在我的简讯订阅单上 ——

I just said something bad about my RSS feed, didn't I?

我刚说了它的坏话了吧？

我不该再这么讲了。

I should stop saying it like that.

一个偶然原因，我从未想象过，

For some random reason I can't imagine,

something about cheerleaders turned up in my in-box.

一些关于拉拉队的事件 出现在我的收件箱。

我读了他们的故事，

And I read this story about cheerleaders, and it's a fascinating story.

非常不可思议。

那是发生在十多年前的美国，

This happened a couple of years ago in the US.

当时美国高中的队组中有一支拉拉队，

There were some cheerleaders in a team at a high school in the US,

他们对教练

and they said mean things about their cheerleading coach,

言语刻薄。

我确信孩子们对自己的老师

as I'm sure kids do about all of their teachers all of the time,

一直都是这样。

and somehow, the cheerleading coach found out about this.

不知怎么搞的， 拉拉队教练发现了这件事。

她非常愤怒。

She was very upset.

于是她对其中的一个女孩说：

So she went to one of the girls and said,

“把你的脸书密码交出来。”

"You have to give me your Facebook password."

我常常遇到类似的事， 即使是在大学，

I read this all the time,

where even at some universities and places of education,

在某些教育机构中，

kids are forced to hand over their Facebook passwords.

孩子们也要被迫交出自己的脸书密码。

所以你也得这样。

So you have to give them your Facebook password.

So the kid -- she was a kid! -- what she should have said is,

可她只是个孩子！

她本来可以说：

“我的律师明天

"My lawyer will be calling you first thing in the morning.

一早会打电话给你，

你侵犯了我

It's an outrageous imposition on my Fourth Amendment right to privacy.

第四修正案中的个人隐私权，

你等着吃官司，

倾家荡产吧！“

You'll be sued for all the money you've got!"

她本该这样说，

可是她还是个小孩，

That's what she should have said.

于是她上缴了她的密码。

But she's a kid, so she hands over the password.

老师当时没法登陆脸书，

The teacher can't log in,

因为被学校网络封锁了，

because the school has blocked access to Facebook.

只能等到回家后。

So the teacher can't log into Facebook till she gets home.

所以，当女孩把这件事 告诉她的朋友们之后，

So the girl tells her friends,

猜猜发生了什么？

她知道老师会登陆，

"Guess what happened? The teacher logged in. She knows."

所以她们纷纷通过手机，

把所有的脸书资料都删除了。

So the girls all logged into Facebook and deleted their profiles.

这样当老师们登陆的时候， 便一无所获。

So when the teacher logged in, there was nothing there.

我想强调的是，对于身份， 他们的理解方式不再一样了。

My point is: those identities, they don't think about them the same way.

Identity is -- especially when you're a teenager -- a fluid thing.

身份是在流动变化着的， 特别在青少年阶段。

You have lots of identities, you experiment with them.

你会有多重身份，

有的你可能不喜欢，

And if you have an identity you don't like because it's subverted in some way

因为它可能被破坏了， 或者不安全，或是不恰当。

or it's insecure or it's inappropriate,

你只需要删除它，找另一个，

you just delete it and get another one.

那种被他人，比如政府之类，

The idea that you have an identity that's given to you by someone,

the government or whatever,

赋予某种身份，

and you have to stick with that identity and use it in all places

并且在任何地方都要沿用的想法，

真是大错特错。

is absolutely wrong.

你会要想知道脸书上 某个人的真实身份吗？

Why would you want to really know who someone was on Facebook,

除非你要诋毁或是侵扰他？

unless you wanted to abuse them and harass them in some way?

这种运作方式是不当的。

It just doesn't work properly.

And my fourth example is,

我的第四个例子是，

there are some cases where you really want to be --

有一些情况下，你真的想要成为...

in case you're wondering, that's me at the G20 protest.

也许你们也正在疑惑这幅图， 这是 G20 示威活动时的我。

不过我当时不是参与 G20示威， 而是在一个银行开会。

I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,

but I had a meeting at a bank on the day of the G20 protest.

正好在同一天， 我收到一封来自银行的邮件，

And I got an email from the bank, saying,

让我别穿正装，这会激怒示威者。

"Please don't wear a suit, because it'll inflame the protesters."

I look pretty good in a suit, frankly,

坦率的讲，我穿上正装还是挺不错的。

so you can see why it would drive them into an anticapitalist frenzy.

所以你可以看到， 为什么这会让他们卷入

反资本主义的狂热中。

(Laughter)

(笑声)

所以我就想，好吧，你瞧，

So I thought, "Well, if I don't want to inflame the protesters,

如果我不愿意激怒示威者，

我显然要

the obvious thing to do is go dressed as a protester."

像示威者一样着装。

So I went dressed completely in black, you know, black balaclava ...

于是我清一色黑衣，

黑色的巴拉克拉法帽，

I had black gloves on but took them off to sign the visitors' book.

黑色的手套，

不过在来客簿上签名的时候， 我脱掉了它们。

(笑声)

(Laughter)

我穿着黑色裤子，黑色靴子，

I'm wearing black trousers and boots, I'm dressed completely in black.

从头到脚都是黑色的。

我十点钟进的银行，

I go into the bank at 10am and go, "Hi, I'm Dave Birch,

我说：“你好，我是戴維•波奇，

我三点约了会议。“

I've got a 3 o'clock with so-and-so."

当然，他们让我进入了。

这是我的访客胸牌。

"Sure!" And they sign me in. There's my visitor's badge.

(Laughter)

(笑声)

So this nonsense about "you've got to have real names on Facebook" and whatever,

所以说，简直是无稽之谈，

你在脸书和其他任何地方都使用真名，

就会让你获得某种安全。

that gets you that kind of security.

这就是一个安全剧场， 哪里没有真正所谓的安全，

That gets you "security theater,"

where there's no actual security,

but people are sort of playing parts in a play about security,

每个人都在这场有关安全的剧里 扮演某种角色。

只要每个人都记得台词，

and as long as everybody learns their lines,

大家就都满意了。

everyone's happy.

但这不是真正的安全。

But it's not real security, right?

特别是我厌恶银行 胜过那些 G20 示威者，

Especially because I hate banks more than the G20 protesters do,

因为我为他们工作，

because I work for them.

我知道的那些事情 要比他们所认为的糟糕得多。

I know that things are actually worse than these guys think.

(笑声)

(Laughter)

假设在银行里工作时，我边上的同事

But suppose I worked next to somebody in a bank

在做些什么事情，

who was doing something --

you know, they were like people who take the money from banks and don't ...

you know, they take the money ...

Oh -- "traders." That's the word I was thinking of.

假设他在做流氓交易，

Suppose I was sitting next to a rogue trader,

我想上报老板。

and I want to report it to the boss of the bank.

So I log on to do a little whistleblowing.

于是我登录，打算揭发他。

我发一条信息，说这个人是流氓交易员，

I send a message, "This guy's a rogue trader."

但这个信息是没有意义的，

That message is meaningless

除非你知道我也是银行的交易员，

if you don't know that I'm a trader at the bank.

如果这个消息可以从任何人而来，

If that message just comes from anybody,

那它的价值就是零了。

it has zero information value.

There's no point in sending that message.

这样的信息毫无意义。

You have to know that I'm ...

But if I have to prove who I am,

但如果我必须要证实我自己的身份，

I'll never send that message.

那我绝不会发这条信息了。

就像医院里，护士要揭发 醉酒的手术医生。

It's just like the nurse in the hospital reporting the drunk surgeon.

That message will only happen if I'm anonymous.

那么他只会匿名上报，

So the system has to have ways of providing anonymity in it,

所以这样的系统必须要 提供匿名的途径。

otherwise, we don't get where we want to get to.

否则我不会达成我的目的。

所以，我要说的第四点就是， 对此我们能做些什么？

So, four issues.

So what are we going to do about it?

我们要做的，

Well, what we tend to do about it

就是对解奥威尔空间的思考。

is we think about Orwell-space.

And we try to make electronic versions of the identity card

我们尝试制作电子版本的身份证，

那是早在1953年我们就废弃了的。

that we got rid of in 1953.

如果我们有某种卡，

So we think if we had a card --

call it a Facebook login --

就叫它脸书准入好了，

它能证明你是谁，

which proves who you are,

and I make you carry it all the time,

你随身带着它，

就可以解决所有问题了。

that solves the problem.

当然，基于我刚才列出的种种原因，

And of course, for all those reasons I've just outlined, it doesn't,

这也许不会真的解决问题，

可能反倒会使问题变得更糟。

and it might make some problems worse.

被强制使用真实身份的次数越多，

The more times you're forced to use your real identity,

当然是在交易中，

certainly in transactional terms,

the more likely that identity is to get stolen and subverted.

那么它被盗被毁的可能性就越大。

所以，我们的目标就是使人们

The goal is to stop people from using identity

in transactions which don't need identity,

在不必要的交易场合 不再出示真实身份。

which is actually almost all transactions.

其实几乎所有的交易都不需要。

你参与的几乎所有交易，

Almost all of the transactions you do are not "Who are you?"

都不在乎你是谁，

而是，你是否被允许开车，

They're "Are you allowed to drive the car?"

是否可以进入这幢大楼，

"Are you allowed in the building?" "Are you over 18?"

是否满18岁，

etcetera, etcetera.

诸如之类。

So my suggestion -- I, like James,

所以我的建议，如詹姆斯一样，就是

think that there should be a resurgence of interest in R and D.

我认为这个问题应该重新 被研发重视起来。

I think this is a solvable problem.

它是可解的，

对此我们可以有所作为。

It's something we can do about.

Naturally, in these circumstances, I turn to Doctor Who.

很自然的，在这样的情境下，

我会向”神秘博士”求助。

Because in this --

因为在这本剧中，

(Laughter)

就像在现实生活中的各行各业，

as in so many other walks of life,

Doctor Who has already shown us the answer.

神秘博士已经给了我们答案。

So I should say, for some of our foreign visitors:

应该说，

对于我们某些外籍游客，

Doctor Who is the greatest living scientist in England --

神秘博士是英国最伟大的当代科学家，

(Laughter)

(笑声)

也是我们每个人真理和启示的灯塔。

and a beacon of truth and enlightenment to all of us.

And this is Doctor Who with his "psychic paper."

这是神秘博士和他的通灵卡片。

Come on, you guys must have seen Doctor Who's "psychic paper."

你们肯定读过这个，

You're not nerds if you say yes.

读过又不意味着你就是书呆子。

Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper?

谁见过神秘博士的通灵卡片？

好吧，我猜你们一直都在图书馆学习，

Oh right, you were in the library the whole time studying, I guess.

这就是你要告诉我们的吗？

Is that what you're going to tell us?

神秘博士的通灵卡片，

Doctor Who's psychic paper is:

就是当你举起它的时候，

when you hold up the psychic paper,

这个人能在他们脑中

the person, in their brain,

sees the thing that they need to see.

看到他们所想要的。

So I want to show you a British passport,

我想给你们看一个英国护照，

I hold up the psychic paper,

我举起通灵卡片，

you see a British passport.

你就可以看到一个英国护照；

我想要参加一个派对，

I want to get into a party,

I hold up the psychic paper,

只要我举起通灵卡片，

你就可以看到一个派对邀请。

I show you a party invitation.

You see what you want to see.

你可以看到你内心所想的。

So what I'm saying is, we need to make an electronic version of that,

我想说的是， 我们可以做一个电子版本，

but with one tiny, tiny change,

但是要做出一个很小的改变，

就是它只展示我的英国护照，

which is that it'll only show you the British passport

if I've actually got one.

如果我确实有一张；

It'll only show you the party invitation if I actually have one.

它会显示那个派对邀请，

如果我也有这个；

It will only show you that I'm over 18 if I actually am over 18.

它也可以显示我已满18岁， 如果情况也属实的话。

但不会显示其它。

But nothing else.

So you're the bouncer at the pub, you need to know that I'm over 18.

如果你是酒吧保镖， 要知道我是否满18岁，

Instead of showing you my driving license,

我不用出示我的驾照，

which shows you I know how to drive,

那就泄露了我会开车，

what my name is, my address, all these kind of things,

还透露我的姓名、地址之类的信息。

我给你看我的通灵卡片就可以了，

I show you my psychic paper,

and all it tells you is, am I over 18 or not.

它只告诉你我是否已满18岁。

是的。

Right.

Is that just a pipe dream?

这只是白日梦么？

Of course not, otherwise I wouldn't be here talking.

当然不是啦！ 否则我不会在这里讲这么多。

为了完成这个设想，让它付诸实际，

So, in order to build that and make it work,

I'm only going to name these things, I'll not go into them:

我只讲讲需要的东西， 就不做具体解释了。

我需要制定一个计划，

we need a plan,

which is, we're going to build this as an infrastructure

建造这样一个

人人都可以使用的基础框架，

for everybody to use to solve all of these problems.

来解决所有问题。

We're going to make a utility.

我们会制造一种功用，

The utility has to be universal, you can use it everywhere.

它必须是普适的，

你可以随处使用。

我来为大家提供一点 有关这些技术的片段。

I'm just giving you little flashes of the technology as we go along.

这是一个日本的自动提款机，

That's a Japanese ATM,

the fingerprint template is stored inside the mobile phone.

指纹模板存储在手机里头。

So when you want to draw money out,

如果你要取现金，

你可以把手机放在自动提款机上，

you put the phone on the ATM and touch your finger,

按指印，

your fingerprint goes through to the phone,

你的指纹就传送到手机。

the phone says, "Yes, that's whoever,"

手机确认提款人身份后，

自动提款机就会把现金递给你。

and the ATM then gives you some money.

It has to be a utility that you can use everywhere.

这是一个你可以随处使用的功能，

It has to be absolutely convenient.

而且它必须非常方便快捷。

That's me going into the pub.

我要去酒吧，

All the device on the door of the pub is allowed is:

酒吧入口的设备会检测是否许可进入，

依据我们是否满18岁。

Is this person over 18 and not barred from the pub?

这个想法就是， 让你的身份证接触门，

And so the idea is, you touch your ID card to the door,

如果它允许你进入， 就会显示你的照片；

and if I'm allowed in, it shows my picture,

如果不能，就会给你一个红叉。

if I'm not, it shows a red cross.

It doesn't disclose any other information.

这并没有泄露你的其他信息，

它必须没有什么特别的配件。

It has to have no special gadgets.

那就只意味着一件事，

That can only mean one thing, following on from Ross's statement,

按照罗斯的声明往下说，

which I agree with completely: if it means no special gadgets,

我完全同意其中的观点。

如果它没有什么特别配件，

就必须能在手机上运行。

it has to run on a mobile phone.

这是我们的唯一选择：

That's the only choice we have, to make it work on mobile phones.

得让它在手机上工作。

全球有66亿

There are 6.6 billion mobile phone subscriptions.

手机用户，

我一直以来最喜欢的一个统计数字，

My favorite statistic of all time: only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world.

是全世界只有40亿的牙刷。

它是有意义的，

That means something. I don't know what.

只是我不知道是什么。

(笑声)

(Laughter)

我指望未来学家告诉我。

I rely on our futurologists to tell me.

It has to be a utility which is extensible.

这必须是一个可扩展的功用，

是某种

So it has to be something that anybody could build on.

任何人都能组建的功用。

每个人都要能使用这个基础框架，

Anybody should be able to use this infrastructure;

而不需要任何许可、授权之类的。

you don't need permissions, licenses, whatever.

Anyone should be able to write some code to do this.

每个人都能写代码来做这件事。

Well, you know what symmetry is, so you don't need a picture of it.

你知道对称性是什么，

所以不需要看图去理解。

This is how we're going to do it.

我们就要这样去做，

我们用手机和移动感应

We're going to do it using phones and mobile proximity.

完成这件事。

I'm going to suggest to you

我想建议你们，

来实现神秘博士的通灵卡片，

the technology to implement Doctor Who's psychic paper is already here,

其实所需技术早已存在。

and if any of you have got one of the new Barclay's debit cards

如果你们任何人有这种 巴克莱银行新发行的、

with the contactless interface on it,

具有非接触界面的借记卡，

你就已经拥有这种技术了。

you've already got that technology.

如果你曾去过大城市，

Have you ever been up to the big city and used an Oyster card?

用过交通卡，

这会对你有什么提示吗？

Does that ring a bell?

The technology already exists.

这种技术已经存在。

首批内置这项技术的手机

The first phones that have the technology built in --

是Google Nexus，S2，

the Google Nexus, the S II, the Samsung Wave 578 --

以及Samsung Wifi 7.9。

带有这些技术的手机

the first phones that have the technology built into them are already in the shops.

已经在市面出售。

所以当天然气工人

So the idea that the gasman can turn up at my mum's door,

出现在我母亲的门口，

and he can show my mum his phone,

他出示他的手机，

and she can tap it with her phone,

我母亲点一下自己的手机，

就可以知道他是不是 来自英国天然气公司，

and it'll come up with green if he really is from British Gas

可不可以让他进来。

and allowed in,

如果他不是，就会出现红叉。

and will come up with red if he isn't, end of story.

就这么简单。

我们具备所需的技术，

We have the technology to do that.

更重要的是，

And what's more,

虽然有些事情有些匪夷所思，

although some of those things sound a bit counterintuitive,

比如证明我年满 18 但不泄露我是谁，

like proving I'm over 18 without proving who I am,

事实上相关加密技术不仅存在，

the cryptography to do that not only exists,

而且非常普遍易懂。

it's extremely well-known and well-understood.

数字签名、公钥证书，

Digital signatures, the blinding of public key certificates --

这些技术已经存在有一阵子了，

these technologies have been around for a while,

只是我们还没能把它们打包起来。

we've just had no way of packaging them up.

这些技术存在，

So the technology already exists.

We know it works.

而且有效。

有一些此类技术

There are a few examples of the technology being used

被用在实验环境中，

in experimental places.

That's London Fashion Week,

在伦敦时装周，

我们建了一个“氧气”系统，

where we built a system with O2.

用在海德公园的无线盛会。

That's for the Wireless Festival in Hyde Park.

You can see the person's walking in with their VIP band,

你可以看见人们

带着他们的VIP卡走进去，

it's being checked by the Nokia phone that's reading the band.

它正在检查，

通过Nokia手机读取VIP卡的信息。

我讲这些只是为了告诉大家，

I'm only putting those up to show you these things are prosaic,

这一切都不足为奇。

能在这样的环境中运作，

this stuff works in these environments.

其实没什么特别之处。

最后，我知道你可以做到这些，

They don't need to be special.

So finally, I know that you can do this,

如果你看过神秘博士，

because if you saw the Easter special of Doctor Who,

复活节特辑的那一集，

where he went to Mars in a bus --

他乘公车去火星，

我必须为在场的外籍学生 再次解释一遍，

I should say, again, for our foreign students:

这不是每一集都有的。

that doesn't happen in every episode.

这是一个特例。

This was a very special case.

他在一辆伦敦公车上前往火星的那集，

So in the episode where he goes to Mars in a London bus --

我没法给你们看剪辑，

I can't show you the clip,

因为被 BBC 像安妮皇后一般

due to the outrageous restrictions of Queen Anne-style copyright

严格地控制着版权。

by the BBC --

but in the episode where he goes to Mars in a London bus,

在那一集， 神秘博士坐着伦敦公车去火星，

Doctor Who is clearly shown getting onto the bus

你能清楚看到他上了公交车，

with the Oyster card reader

在那个交通卡读卡器上，

using his psychic paper.

通过他的通灵卡片使用了特异功能。

Which proves that psychic paper has an NFC interface.

这证实了这个通灵卡片，

有一个MSE（移动服务引擎）的接口。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢！

(Applause)