Tomás Saraceno: Would you live in a floating city in the sky? (with English subtitles) | TED

Translator: Camille Martínez

翻译人员: Jingjing ZOU 校对人员: Hui Liu

This is my favorite place on earth,

这是我在这个地球上最喜欢的地方

Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia.

位于玻利维亚的乌尤尼盐沼

And when it's covered in a thin layer of water,

当其被一层薄薄的水面笼罩，

it reflects the clouds.

它倒印着空中的云彩

There are days when you feel as if you're floating among the clouds.

某些天里你能感受到浮在云中的感觉

But there are days when the horizon disappears;

而这种水平感在另一些日子里又会消失

there's no longer a top or a bottom.

分不清哪里是天空，哪里是地面

You feel immersed in something bigger.

你能感到被一些巨大的东西包围着

It was there that one night I woke up from a dream,

一天夜里，我正好从梦中醒来，

and I saw that the stars were also reflected on the water.

我看见，星星也被倒映在水面上

And that wasn't a dream.

而这竟然不是一个梦

It was as if you could walk among the stars.

你似乎可以在星星中漫步

With every step I took, the stars reverberated under my feet.

当我迈出每一步，星星都在我的足底显露出来

It was like I was floating in the universe among clouds of galaxies.

我就像漂浮在宇宙中，和千万个星系一起

But what's floating there today are not just clouds of galaxies

可是现在那里浮着的可不仅仅是银河和云朵

but also clouds of plastic.

还有和云一样多的塑料垃圾

These are the footprints we're leaving on the planet.

这将是我们留在这个地球上的脚印

They're signs of an era

这是一个时代的纪念

in which the behavior of some humans is making a global impact

一些人的做法造成了生态圈中

on our ecosystems.

全球性的影响

This era is called the Anthropocene.

这个时代被称作：“人类纪元”

There's also another type of toxic clouds that float in the air,

在空中，同样也悬浮着有毒的云层

like the ones that form from carbon dioxide emissions

比如由二氧化碳排放引起的

and from the burning of fossil fuels -- oil, carbon, gas --

由燃烧化石燃料导致的～油、炭和天然气...

clouds that, when we see them,

这些云看起来

pollute our dreams.

已经影响到了我们的梦境

I don't know about all of you,

我不知道你怎么想

but I've always dreamed of floating among the clouds.

我可一直做着浮在云端的美梦

Maybe today we can imagine together other types of clouds,

也许今天我们可以畅想别的一些云

clouds we can live with.

能和我们和平共处的云

If you're wondering about that photo, I'll explain:

如果你对这幅图片感到费解，那么听我解释：

it looks like a collage or photomontage -- something weird.

它就像一个拼图或重复曝光的底片——一个怪玩意儿

No; it's reality.

其实，这就是现实。

But sometimes I ask myself: What is reality?

但是有些时候我问我自己：什么是现实？

According to Alexander Kluge:

亚历山大.克鲁格提出：

"Human beings are not interested in reality.

“人类才不在乎什么是现实

They can’t be; it’s part of the human essence.

他们不能够体会，这就是人性的本质之一”

They have desires.

他们有欲望

These desires are totally opposed to any form of reality.

他们的欲望与现实恰恰相反

They prefer to lie

他们宁可说谎

than to become divorced from their desires."

也不愿意从他们的欲望中抽身

But how can we learn to float among the clouds?

可我们怎么样才能漂浮在云间呢？

As an artist, I thought we could start building a flying museum.

作为一个艺术家，我觉得我们应当造一个飞行博物馆

You're probably wondering: With plastic bags?

你或许奇怪：用塑胶袋么？

In 2007, with a community of people all over the world,

在2007年，一个由全球各地的人组成了一个组织

we began to collect used plastic bags --

我们开始收集废弃的塑胶袋

not new ones.

不是新的塑料袋

And we washed them,

我们清洗它们

we cut them up,

将它们剪开

we glued them together,

在用胶水粘在一起

and we began to draw on them,

最后我们在上面画画

creating a huge canvas.

这是一个巨大的画布

We made a collection of drawings,

我们完成了一个巨幅的拼接作品

of personal stories

阐述着各人的故事

and of friendships.

关于友谊

And when you join them,

而当你也加入

bend them and fold them,

弯曲并折叠它们时

it creates a space full of air.

它形成了一个完全由空气组成的空间

When the sun comes up from the horizon,

当阳光从地平线中升起

the museum rises up to the sky.

这个博物馆便飘到天空上

That's why we call it, "The Aero-Solar Museum."

这就是我们之所以叫它“气流-太阳能 博物馆”的原因

And from this simple idea,

也是因为这个简单的想法

we learned how to float in the air in a radically new way,

我们学会了一种崭新的漂浮在空中的形式

without using any type of fuel.

不必使用任何燃料

The difference in temperature between the interior and the exterior

浮力来源于球体内外的温度差

is what makes us rise up.

使得我们可以飞向空中

That way,

这样，

we don't use fossil fuels or helium or hydrogen;

我们就不需要化石燃料、氦气、或者氢气

we don't use solar panels

也不用太阳能板

or batteries or motors.

电池、或引擎

We discovered a way that's simple, clean and accessible to the whole world

我们发现了一个如此简单，清洁，并且容易获得的主意

to lift ourselves up.

来吧我们升到天空

I remember when I was at NASA in 2009 with 120 engineers.

我记得2009年我还在NASA时，和120位机械工程师一起

You guys know, too, when you go up in a plane,

你们也知道，当你乘飞机起飞

the control panels are gigantic.

那些控制器都是庞然大物

And what we're doing is really complex,

我们所做的事情其实是很复杂的

and when I started coming in with the plastic bags, saying,

然后我就带着我的塑胶袋出现了

"But we have a different way ..."

并向大家说：“我有一个新办法......“

people had a hard time understanding the concept.

人们要理解这个主意并不简单

Seeing the power of this idea,

而看到这个主意的力量的人们

we started to initiate a new era;

我们开始了一个新的纪元

one that would leave behind the violence of the Anthropocene

一个与“人类中心论”的粗暴相背离的

and give way to a new era,

另一个新的纪元

which we call the "Aerocene" --

我们叫它：“空气中心论”

an era of ecological awareness,

一个以环保为核心的纪元，

in which we learn to float together, live together in the air,

在这个纪元中，我们学会漂浮并一起生活在天空中

and come to an ethical commitment

并且和大气层，以及地球本身

with the atmosphere and with planet earth.

形成了一种伦理上的承诺

That's why I've brought this backpack today.

这也是今天我为什么背着这个背包的原因

Let's see ...

让我们看看...

OK. This is a balloon that we also refer to as a sculpture.

是的，这是个气球，我们也叫它雕塑

And if it's sunny out tomorrow, we can go out and fly --

而且如果明天是个晴天，我们就可以一起出门放飞它～

though, no, the weather in Vancouver isn't --

可惜温哥华的天气实在不给力

(Laughter)

（观众大笑）

it's not very ...

不是特别

very favorable.

令人愉快的天气

So, what other features does it have?

所以，它还有什么别的特征呢？

It has sensors that, when it moves,

它配备了探测器，当它移动时

make sort of drawings in the air.

就开始在天空中作画

It also has other sensors.

它也装备了其他的感应器

I always think that first you have to feel it,

我总是在想，你们得亲身摸一摸它

and then you can measure it;

你才对他有感觉

you need to hear the sounds of the atmosphere,

你得亲耳听听着大气层的声音

of the climate, of the hot air,

天气，和热空气，

in order to then measure the ozone,

才能量化臭氧层结构

the carbon dioxide.

二氧化碳的浓度

We're developing these sensors

我们正在开发这些探测器

together with different communities all over the world

与全世界不同的社群一起合作

in order to reconnect with the climate, the temperature and the environment,

一起与天气、温度和环境达成一种新的联系

because there are other species in the air;

因为在空中还生活着其他的物种

in these excursions towards the atmosphere,

在我们迈向大气的集体进步中，

we're not alone.

我们并不孤单

The air is full of clouds of life.

空气中充满了一朵朵云的生命体

We live at the bottom of an ocean of air.

我们其实住在由空气层组成的海洋的洋底

And this same sculpture,

还有这个雕塑

this exact one in my hands,

我手里正拿着的这个

flew 375 miles -- 12 hours -- from Germany to Poland,

飞了375英里，在十二个小时内，从德国到波兰

on a fuel-free trip.

没用一滴石油

But it wasn't free from crossing borders.

可是它没能通过国境的边界

The trip was much more complicated than what we imagined;

这趟旅行比我们最初想象的要复杂许多

air space is as regulated and militarized

制空权也是由军队捍卫和管理的

as land space.

和国土一样

To fly using the winds, the heat of the sun

我们利用风，和太阳的热度

and the radiant energy of the earth

以及地球本身散发的辐射能

is complex and beautiful.

飞翔，是一件即复杂又优美的事儿

But even more complex will be getting the permits

可更难的是

to cross the air space of each of the different countries

让那些国家允许我们

that we fly over using wind.

乘风飞过他们的边境

At COP21, the Paris Climate Conference,

在COP21，在巴黎召开的环境会议上，

we presented these spherical sculptures

我们阐述了这些球形雕塑的意义

that could transport us all over the world.

说起它如何能带着乘客到达世界的每一个角落

But how can we fly using the wind to arrive at our destination?

可是，只依赖风的话我们怎么能准确的到达地点呢？

Together with MIT, we developed a program

和麻省理工大学一起，我们建立了一个项目

that predicts how we can navigate the wind highways.

来预测我们将如何利用风的“高速路”飞行

For example, if I had to return to Berlin from Vancouver,

比如说，如果我要从温哥华飞回柏林

the first thing I would need to do is choose an altitude.

第一件我要做的事情，是选一个高度

At different altitudes, there are different directions

在不同的高度上，风的方向是不同的

and different speeds.

速度也是不同的

The red line is tomorrow and the orange, the day after tomorrow.

红线代表了明天，而橙线，代表着后天

And there it goes.

那么

You can see, the best day to fly back to Berlin --

你可以看出：飞回柏林的最佳出发日是～

so now, traveling using only wind --

只靠风力的话--

is in six days.

在六天后

And we can get to 105 miles from the center of Berlin

我们可以到达距离柏林市中心105英里的地方

without burning a single drop of fuel,

不燃烧一滴汽油

being transported only by wind currents.

只利用到气流的助动力

So we thought that these trajectories that we drew with the wind

所以，我们想这些我们用风画出的一道道轨迹

could become signatures, declaring "Independence from Fossil Fuels Day."

可以变成签名，宣布今天是“汽油终结日”

More and more of us are experiencing the air

越来越多的人加入我们，并体验气流

in a different way.

带给他们全新的感受

You're all familiar with Earth Day.

你们大家都知道“地球日”

We think we should also celebrate Air Day:

我想我们也应该庆祝一下“空气日”

it's a pact that we make with the earth,

这是我们与地球结成的一个约定

an ethical commitment to the atmosphere.

一个和我们的大气层签订的伦理上的承诺

But let's keep thinking and dreaming.

但同时，让我们保持思考和梦想

We've learned that the bigger the sculptures are,

我们知道，雕塑越大，

the more weight they can lift.

它能加载的重量更重，

Remember,

请记住

they rise up only with hot air that's been heated by the sun.

它们能升起完全是因为太阳辐射加热了空气

Using this approach, we can learn to build gardens in the air.

利用这个手段，我们可以尝试建造出空中花园

Could we one day live in a garden the size of the earth?

我们会不会有一天真的住在一个地球这么大的花园中？

Could we live in an ecosystem floating among the clouds?

我们能不能住在云层里？

Answering these questions isn't just a technological challenge;

要回答这些问题，可不只是一个技术上的挑战

it's a way to reexamine the freedom of movement between countries,

而是一个考验国与国中间自由行动的能力

and of overcoming the political, social, cultural and military restrictions

以及排除政治、社会、文化和军队的控制

of contemporary societies.

这些现代社会的制度

Because in the end,

因为归根究底

the air belongs to everybody

空气是属于每一个人的

and doesn't answer to any government.

它不听任何国家的指挥

(Applause)

（掌声）

And like we said earlier,

就和我之前说的那样

our imagination is the force that allows us to create these places.

我们的想象本身就是让我们前行的动力

This is an installation I did

这是我做的一个装置艺术

at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

在纽约的大都会美术馆展出。

It asks the question:

它提出了一个问题：

What might these transnational spaces be like?

这些跨越国际的空间将是什么模样？

And once we inhabit those spaces, we need to learn how to move within them,

当我们真正生活在这样的空间中，我们如何在里面移动？

to walk among the clouds,

在云中漫步，

where every movement affects everyone else's movements;

每一个人的行动都会干扰到另一个人的轨迹

the body weight and proximity between people

不同的人的体重和距离也将是一个命题

will cause the space to expand ...

它会导致这个空间或是膨胀

or contract.

或是紧缩

There we are, suspended 72 feet in the air.

于是，当我们高悬在72英尺的高空时，

When two or more people get too close together,

当两个人靠的太近，

even those farthest away are affected --

甚至那些了他们很远的人也可以感知到

everyone falls to the same spot.

所有人落在同一个点上，

These are fragile ecosystems.

这是一个十分脆弱的生态系统，

And it's between these spheres that we build nets that connect us.

所以在这些生态球中，我们要拉起网来连接人们

There are moments when we have to face the void,

有些时候，当我们面对一片虚无

and fear can paralyze us.

恐惧也许会使我们麻木

One of the most beautiful things about this exhibit

这个展示最美妙的一点

is the sense of solidarity generated

就是对实体的构建

when we face these new "aero-graphs."

当我们面对这些新的“空气-图”时

Finally,

最后

let me tell you one last story.

让我告诉你们一个故事

On July 16, 1945,

在1945年7月16日，

on the White Sands of New Mexico,

在新墨西哥程的白沙地上，

an atomic bomb was detonated for the first time.

一个原子弹被首次发射了

As a result of this explosion,

而这场爆炸的后果

a cloud of radioactive particles disseminated all over the earth,

就是将放射性的粒子通过风传遍了全球

marking the beginning of the Anthropocene era.

这标志着“人类纪元”的开始

Seventy years later, on November 8, 2015,

七十年后，在2015年11月8日

in the same place,

同样的地点

another event occurred.

另一件事发生了

For the first time in history,

在人类历史上

we lifted a person into the air using only the sun,

我们首次将一个人带到空中，而只利用了太阳的热量

without burning any fossil fuels.

不燃烧一滴石油

As the sun rose up above the horizon,

当太阳从地平线上升起

we rose up, too,

我们也缓缓上升

silently,

轻轻地

slowly,

慢慢地

with no explosions.

没有爆炸

We felt as if gravity had been inverted;

我们感到似乎重力被反转了

it wasn't pulling us toward the center of the earth,

我们不再被重力拽向地面

but toward the universe.

而是朝着宇宙升腾

If Neil Armstrong said, when he walked on the moon,

如果Neil Armstrong在月球漫步的时候说出

"That's one small step for man,

”这是一个人的一小步

one giant leap for mankind,"

却是全人类的一大步“

perhaps what we ought to ask ourselves is:

也许我们应当自省的问题是：

What steps do we need to take today?

我们究竟应当向何处迈步

In the Aerocene era,

在这个空气纪元的时代

our steps are much smaller, but radically different;

我们的脚步变的更小，但彻底的不同了

they're steps that began with a bag full of air and wishes,

我们的脚步包括了一大口袋的空气和梦想

but that can carry us to independence from fossil fuels

它能够带着我们走向零石油的明天

and the opportunity to celebrate Air Day;

而这个庆祝”空气日“的机会

steps that won't leave footprints on other planets

将不会落在另一个星球的表面上，

until we've learned to walk in the atmosphere of this one.

在我们学会在我们自己的大气中漫步，

The landscapes are tiny

景观就变得微小，

and the steps are tiny,

迈得步子也不大，

but I hope we can take them together.

但是我希望，我们可以将其结合。

And I'm sure that these steps will lead us much further than the moon,

我还坚信，这些脚步将带领我们到达远超过月球的距离，

so we can learn to float with our feet on the ground.

所以，让我们学会漂浮，脚踏实地地。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

(掌声）