Tomás Saraceno: Would you live in a floating city in the sky? (with English subtitles) | TED

124,541 views ・ 2017-09-20

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00:00
Translator: Camille Martínez
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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: kitty bian
00:12
This is my favorite place on earth,
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這是我在地球上最喜歡的地方,
00:15
Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia.
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玻利維亞的烏尤尼鹽灘。
00:19
And when it's covered in a thin layer of water,
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當它被薄薄一層的水給覆蓋時,
00:22
it reflects the clouds.
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它能反映出雲。
00:23
There are days when you feel as if you're floating among the clouds.
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有些日子裡,你會覺得 你好像飄浮在雲中。
00:28
But there are days when the horizon disappears;
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但也有些日子,地平線會消失;
00:31
there's no longer a top or a bottom.
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不再有頂端或是底端,
00:33
You feel immersed in something bigger.
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你會感到自己浸沒到某種 更大的東西當中。
00:38
It was there that one night I woke up from a dream,
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有一天,我從夢中醒來,
00:42
and I saw that the stars were also reflected on the water.
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我看到水面上也反映出星星。
00:45
And that wasn't a dream.
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那不是場夢。
00:47
It was as if you could walk among the stars.
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那就像是你能在星星當中走路一樣。
00:50
With every step I took, the stars reverberated under my feet.
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我每踏出一步, 星星就在我腳下迴響。
00:53
It was like I was floating in the universe among clouds of galaxies.
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就像飄浮在宇宙銀河的雲中。
00:59
But what's floating there today are not just clouds of galaxies
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但現今在那兒飄浮的 不僅是銀河的雲,
01:02
but also clouds of plastic.
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還有塑膠的雲。
01:05
These are the footprints we're leaving on the planet.
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這些是我們留在地球上的足跡。
01:08
They're signs of an era
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它們象徵著一個時代,
01:10
in which the behavior of some humans is making a global impact
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在這個時代中, 一些人類的行為對我們的
01:14
on our ecosystems.
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生態系統產生全球性的衝擊。
01:18
This era is called the Anthropocene.
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這個時代稱為「人類世」。
01:21
There's also another type of toxic clouds that float in the air,
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還有另一種毒雲飄浮在空中,
01:24
like the ones that form from carbon dioxide emissions
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像這些,是來自二氧化碳排放、
01:27
and from the burning of fossil fuels -- oil, carbon, gas --
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來自燃燒化石燃料: 石油、碳、天然氣,
01:31
clouds that, when we see them,
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我們看見的這些雲,
01:33
pollute our dreams.
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在污染我們的夢。
01:35
I don't know about all of you,
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我不知道你們如何,
01:37
but I've always dreamed of floating among the clouds.
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但我總是夢想能飄浮在雲中。
01:40
Maybe today we can imagine together other types of clouds,
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也許今天我們可以 一起來想像不同類型的雲,
01:43
clouds we can live with.
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我們能居住在其中的雲。
01:46
If you're wondering about that photo, I'll explain:
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若你想了解那張照片,讓我解釋:
01:49
it looks like a collage or photomontage -- something weird.
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它像是拼貼畫或合成照──蠻怪的。
01:51
No; it's reality.
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但不是;它是現實。
01:53
But sometimes I ask myself: What is reality?
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但有時我會自問:什麼是現實?
01:55
According to Alexander Kluge:
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根據亞歷山大克魯格的說法:
01:57
"Human beings are not interested in reality.
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人類對現實不感興趣。
02:00
They can’t be; it’s part of the human essence.
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他們辦不到; 那是人類本質的一部份。
02:03
They have desires.
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他們有慾望。
02:05
These desires are totally opposed to any form of reality.
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這些慾望與現實完全相反。
02:09
They prefer to lie
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他們寧可要謊言,
02:10
than to become divorced from their desires."
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也不要脫離他們的慾望。」
02:14
But how can we learn to float among the clouds?
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但我們要如何學會在雲間飄浮?
02:18
As an artist, I thought we could start building a flying museum.
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身為藝術家,我想可從 建立飛行博物館開始。
02:24
You're probably wondering: With plastic bags?
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你可能在想:用塑膠袋?
02:26
In 2007, with a community of people all over the world,
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在 2007 年,配合一個 世界各地人們組成的社群,
02:29
we began to collect used plastic bags --
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我們開始收集用過的塑膠袋──
02:32
not new ones.
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不是新的。
02:33
And we washed them,
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我們把塑膠袋清洗乾淨,
02:36
we cut them up,
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把它們切碎,
02:38
we glued them together,
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把它們黏在一起,
02:39
and we began to draw on them,
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在它們上面畫畫,
02:41
creating a huge canvas.
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創造出大型的畫布。
02:43
We made a collection of drawings,
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我們做了一系列的繪圖,
02:45
of personal stories
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內容有個人故事、
02:46
and of friendships.
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也有友誼。
02:48
And when you join them,
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當你把它們結合在一起,
02:50
bend them and fold them,
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將它們彎起來或折起來,
02:52
it creates a space full of air.
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就會創造出滿是空氣的空間。
02:54
When the sun comes up from the horizon,
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當太陽從地平線升起,
02:58
the museum rises up to the sky.
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博物館就會升上天際。
03:00
That's why we call it, "The Aero-Solar Museum."
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這就是為何它叫做 「空中太陽能博物館」。
03:02
And from this simple idea,
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從這個簡單的點子,
03:03
we learned how to float in the air in a radically new way,
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我們學到了如何不用任何燃料就
03:06
without using any type of fuel.
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飄浮在空中的全新方式。
03:08
The difference in temperature between the interior and the exterior
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內部和外部的溫差,
03:12
is what makes us rise up.
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能讓我們升起來。
03:14
That way,
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我們那樣做,
03:17
we don't use fossil fuels or helium or hydrogen;
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就不用化石燃料、氦氣、或氫氣;
03:21
we don't use solar panels
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我們不用太陽能板、
03:23
or batteries or motors.
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電池、或馬達。
03:26
We discovered a way that's simple, clean and accessible to the whole world
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我們發現的這個方法很簡單、 很乾淨、且能讓全世界
都可以使用來將我們自己升起來。
03:31
to lift ourselves up.
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03:32
I remember when I was at NASA in 2009 with 120 engineers.
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記得 2009 年我在太空總署 與 120 個工程師合作。
03:38
You guys know, too, when you go up in a plane,
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你們也知道,當進入一架飛機,
03:40
the control panels are gigantic.
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控制面板是很巨大的。
03:42
And what we're doing is really complex,
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我們所做的十分複雜,
03:46
and when I started coming in with the plastic bags, saying,
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當我開始帶著塑膠袋進入,並說:
「但我們有種不同的方法……」
03:49
"But we have a different way ..."
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人們都很難了解那個概念。
03:51
people had a hard time understanding the concept.
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見到了這個點子的強大力量,
03:53
Seeing the power of this idea,
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03:55
we started to initiate a new era;
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我們開始開創新時代;
03:56
one that would leave behind the violence of the Anthropocene
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將人類世的暴力拋在身後,
03:59
and give way to a new era,
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讓路給新時代,
04:01
which we call the "Aerocene" --
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我們稱它為「空海」,
04:03
an era of ecological awareness,
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是個有生態意識的時代,
04:06
in which we learn to float together, live together in the air,
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在這個時代中,我們 一起飄浮,一起住在空中,
04:09
and come to an ethical commitment
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對大氣及地球做出
04:11
with the atmosphere and with planet earth.
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道德倫理的承諾。
04:14
That's why I've brought this backpack today.
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這就是我今天帶這個背包來的原因。
04:16
Let's see ...
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我們來瞧瞧……
04:26
OK. This is a balloon that we also refer to as a sculpture.
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好。這是個氣球,我們也稱為雕塑。
04:30
And if it's sunny out tomorrow, we can go out and fly --
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若明天外面是晴天, 我們就能出去飛翔──
04:33
though, no, the weather in Vancouver isn't --
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不過,溫哥華的天氣不行──
04:35
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:36
it's not very ...
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它並不是非常……
04:39
very favorable.
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非常適合。
04:41
So, what other features does it have?
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那它有什麼其他特徵?
04:43
It has sensors that, when it moves,
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它有感應器,當它移動時,
04:45
make sort of drawings in the air.
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會在空中產生一種繪圖。
04:48
It also has other sensors.
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它還有其他感應器。
04:50
I always think that first you have to feel it,
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我總是認為,你得要先去感覺它,
04:52
and then you can measure it;
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接著你才能衡量它;
04:54
you need to hear the sounds of the atmosphere,
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你需要聽到大氣、氣候、
04:57
of the climate, of the hot air,
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熱空氣的聲音,
04:58
in order to then measure the ozone,
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才能衡量臭氧、
05:00
the carbon dioxide.
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二氧化碳。
05:02
We're developing these sensors
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我們與世界各地的
05:04
together with different communities all over the world
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社群一起開發這些感應器,
05:06
in order to reconnect with the climate, the temperature and the environment,
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以將氣候、溫度、以及環境 重新連結在一起,
05:10
because there are other species in the air;
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因為在空中有其他物種;
05:12
in these excursions towards the atmosphere,
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在這些朝向大氣的旅行中,
05:15
we're not alone.
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我們並不孤單。
05:16
The air is full of clouds of life.
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空氣中滿是生命。
05:18
We live at the bottom of an ocean of air.
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我們住在空氣海洋的海底。
05:20
And this same sculpture,
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這個雕塑,
05:24
this exact one in my hands,
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我手上的這個,
05:25
flew 375 miles -- 12 hours -- from Germany to Poland,
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花了 12 小時從德國 飛行 375 英哩到波蘭,
05:28
on a fuel-free trip.
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整趟旅程沒有用燃料。
05:29
But it wasn't free from crossing borders.
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但它無法自由穿越國界。
05:32
The trip was much more complicated than what we imagined;
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這趟旅程比我們想像的還複雜;
05:34
air space is as regulated and militarized
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空中的空間也有管制區及軍事區,
05:37
as land space.
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和陸地一樣。
05:39
To fly using the winds, the heat of the sun
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使用風、太陽的熱能、以及
05:41
and the radiant energy of the earth
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地球的輻射能來飛行
05:43
is complex and beautiful.
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是很複雜且美麗的。
05:45
But even more complex will be getting the permits
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但更複雜的是,要向各個
05:48
to cross the air space of each of the different countries
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我們靠風所飛經的國家,
05:51
that we fly over using wind.
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取得穿越領空的許可。
05:53
At COP21, the Paris Climate Conference,
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在 COP21,巴黎氣候大會,
05:57
we presented these spherical sculptures
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我們展示了這些球形的雕塑,
05:59
that could transport us all over the world.
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它們能載我們前往世界各地。
06:02
But how can we fly using the wind to arrive at our destination?
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但我們要如何能乘風飛行 到我們的目的地?
06:06
Together with MIT, we developed a program
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我們和麻省理工學院合作 開發了一個程式,
06:08
that predicts how we can navigate the wind highways.
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來預測我們如何在「風路」上航行。
06:11
For example, if I had to return to Berlin from Vancouver,
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比如,如果我要從溫哥華返回柏林,
06:15
the first thing I would need to do is choose an altitude.
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我要做的第一件事是要選擇高度。
06:18
At different altitudes, there are different directions
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在不同的高度,會有不同的方向、
不同的速度。
06:21
and different speeds.
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06:23
The red line is tomorrow and the orange, the day after tomorrow.
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紅線是明天的狀況,橘線是後天。
06:27
And there it goes.
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就像這樣。
06:28
You can see, the best day to fly back to Berlin --
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可以看見,飛回柏林最好的日子──
06:32
so now, traveling using only wind --
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所以現在,只用風來飛行的話──
06:35
is in six days.
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要花六天。
06:37
And we can get to 105 miles from the center of Berlin
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我們可以到達距離柏林中心 105 英哩的地方,
06:40
without burning a single drop of fuel,
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完全用不到一滴燃料,
06:42
being transported only by wind currents.
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僅僅靠風的氣流來行駛。
06:45
So we thought that these trajectories that we drew with the wind
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於是我們心想,用風畫出的這些軌道
06:49
could become signatures, declaring "Independence from Fossil Fuels Day."
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可以變成宣告 「無化石燃料日」的簽名。
06:54
More and more of us are experiencing the air
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越來越多人開始以不同的方式
06:57
in a different way.
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體驗天空。
06:58
You're all familiar with Earth Day.
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你們都很熟悉地球日。
07:01
We think we should also celebrate Air Day:
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我認為我們也應該慶祝天空日。
07:03
it's a pact that we make with the earth,
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那是我們與地球訂下的契約,
07:05
an ethical commitment to the atmosphere.
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對大氣做出的道德承諾。
07:09
But let's keep thinking and dreaming.
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讓我們繼續思考和夢想。
07:11
We've learned that the bigger the sculptures are,
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我們發現,雕塑越大,
07:16
the more weight they can lift.
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它能乘載的重量就越大。
07:18
Remember,
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記住,
07:20
they rise up only with hot air that's been heated by the sun.
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它們只有透過 被太陽加溫的空氣才能升起。
07:25
Using this approach, we can learn to build gardens in the air.
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用這個方式,我們可以 試著在空中建立花園。
07:29
Could we one day live in a garden the size of the earth?
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也許將來有一天我們能住在 和地球一樣大的花園中?
07:33
Could we live in an ecosystem floating among the clouds?
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也許我們能住在飄浮 在雲間的生態系統中?
07:37
Answering these questions isn't just a technological challenge;
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要回答這些問題, 並不只是技術上的挑戰;
07:40
it's a way to reexamine the freedom of movement between countries,
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它是一種重新探討 國家間移動自由的方式,
07:46
and of overcoming the political, social, cultural and military restrictions
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還要克服當代社會的 政治、社會、文化、
07:49
of contemporary societies.
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及軍事限制。
07:51
Because in the end,
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因為,到頭來,
07:53
the air belongs to everybody
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天空是屬於大家的,
07:55
and doesn't answer to any government.
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它不用對任何政府負責。
07:58
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:05
And like we said earlier,
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如我們先前所說的,
08:06
our imagination is the force that allows us to create these places.
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讓我們能創造這些地方的力量, 是我們的想像力。
08:10
This is an installation I did
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這是我做的裝置,
08:12
at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
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放在紐約大都會博物館。
08:14
It asks the question:
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它問的問題是:
08:16
What might these transnational spaces be like?
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這些跨國的空間會是什麼樣子的?
08:18
And once we inhabit those spaces, we need to learn how to move within them,
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一旦我們住進這些空間, 我們得要學會如何在裡面移動、
08:23
to walk among the clouds,
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如何在雲之間行走,
08:26
where every movement affects everyone else's movements;
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在這裡,每個動作都會 影響到其他人的動作;
08:29
the body weight and proximity between people
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體重以及人與人的接近度
08:32
will cause the space to expand ...
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會造成空間擴張……
08:35
or contract.
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或收縮。
08:38
There we are, suspended 72 feet in the air.
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我們懸在 72 英呎的空中。
08:41
When two or more people get too close together,
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當兩個以上的人太過靠近時,
08:44
even those farthest away are affected --
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連在最遙遠的人也會被影響到──
08:48
everyone falls to the same spot.
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每個人都會落到同一個點。
08:50
These are fragile ecosystems.
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這些生態系統十分脆弱。
08:53
And it's between these spheres that we build nets that connect us.
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我們在這些球體之間 建立網絡來連結我們。
08:58
There are moments when we have to face the void,
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有些時候,我們會面對虛空,
09:01
and fear can paralyze us.
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恐懼能夠癱瘓我們。
09:04
One of the most beautiful things about this exhibit
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這項展示品最美麗的其中一點,
09:06
is the sense of solidarity generated
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是當我們面對這些新的
09:08
when we face these new "aero-graphs."
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「空圖」時所產生出來的團結感。
09:11
Finally,
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最後,
09:13
let me tell you one last story.
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讓我告訴各位最後一個故事。
09:15
On July 16, 1945,
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1945 年 7 月16 日,
09:17
on the White Sands of New Mexico,
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在新墨西哥的白沙,
09:19
an atomic bomb was detonated for the first time.
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原子彈被第一次引爆了。
09:23
As a result of this explosion,
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這場爆炸結果造成
09:25
a cloud of radioactive particles disseminated all over the earth,
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輻射粒子雲散佈全球,
09:29
marking the beginning of the Anthropocene era.
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這就是人類世的開始。
09:33
Seventy years later, on November 8, 2015,
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七十年後,2015 年 11 月 8 日,
09:36
in the same place,
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在同一地點,
09:38
another event occurred.
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發生了另一件事。
09:40
For the first time in history,
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史上第一次,
09:42
we lifted a person into the air using only the sun,
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我們只靠太陽, 就把一個人升起到空中,
09:45
without burning any fossil fuels.
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完全沒有燃燒任何化石燃料。
09:48
As the sun rose up above the horizon,
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隨著太陽從地平線升起,
09:50
we rose up, too,
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我們也升起了,
09:52
silently,
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寧靜地,
09:54
slowly,
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緩慢地,
09:55
with no explosions.
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沒有任何爆炸。
09:56
We felt as if gravity had been inverted;
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我們覺得地心引力好像被反轉了;
09:59
it wasn't pulling us toward the center of the earth,
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它不是把我們拉向地球的中心,
10:02
but toward the universe.
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而是拉向宇宙。
10:05
If Neil Armstrong said, when he walked on the moon,
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如阿姆斯壯在月球上行走時說的:
10:07
"That's one small step for man,
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「我的一小步,
10:09
one giant leap for mankind,"
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是人類的一大步。」
10:12
perhaps what we ought to ask ourselves is:
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也許我們該問自己的問題是:
10:14
What steps do we need to take today?
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我們現今要踏出怎樣的一步?
10:17
In the Aerocene era,
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在空海時代,
10:19
our steps are much smaller, but radically different;
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我們的步伐小很多,但非常不同;
10:23
they're steps that began with a bag full of air and wishes,
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這些步伐一開始時是 一個充滿空氣和希望的袋子,
10:29
but that can carry us to independence from fossil fuels
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但它能讓我們不需要使用化石燃料,
10:33
and the opportunity to celebrate Air Day;
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給我們一個能慶祝天空日的機會;
10:35
steps that won't leave footprints on other planets
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這些步伐不會在 其他星球上留下足跡,
10:38
until we've learned to walk in the atmosphere of this one.
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直到我們能學會在 這個星球的大氣中行走。
10:42
The landscapes are tiny
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風景很小,
10:44
and the steps are tiny,
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步伐很小,
10:46
but I hope we can take them together.
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但我希望我們能攜手共進。
10:48
And I'm sure that these steps will lead us much further than the moon,
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我十分確信,這些步伐能引領我們 到比月球更遠許多的地方,
10:52
so we can learn to float with our feet on the ground.
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讓我們能學習雙腳站在地面上飄浮。
10:56
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:57
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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