Fake videos of real people -- and how to spot them | Supasorn Suwajanakorn

Prevodilac: Stevan Stanišić Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Look at these images.

Pogledajte ove slike.

Now, tell me which Obama here is real.

A sad, recite mi koji Obama je pravi.

(Video) Barack Obama: To help families refinance their homes,

(Video) Barak Obama: Da pomognemo porodicama s refinansiranjem domova,

to invest in things like high-tech manufacturing,

da uložimo u stvari kao što su visoko-tehnološka proizvodnja,

clean energy

čista energija i infrastruktura koja stvara dobre nove poslove.

and the infrastructure that creates good new jobs.

Supasorn Suwajanakorn: Anyone?

Supasorn Suvanjakorn: Bilo ko?

The answer is none of them.

Odgovor je: nijedan od njih.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

None of these is actually real.

Nijedan od ovih zapravo nije pravi.

Dozvolite da objasnim kako smo dospeli ovde.

So let me tell you how we got here.

My inspiration for this work

Moja inspiracija za ovaj posao bio je projekat

was a project meant to preserve our last chance for learning about the Holocaust

namenjen očuvanju naše poslednje šanse za saznanje o holokaustu od preživelih.

from the survivors.

It's called New Dimensions in Testimony,

Zove se „Nove dimenzije u svedočenju“

and it allows you to have interactive conversations

i dozvoljava vam da vodite interaktivne razgovore

with a hologram of a real Holocaust survivor.

sa hologramom pravog preživelog iz holokausta.

(Video) Man: How did you survive the Holocaust?

(Video) Čovek: Kako ste preživeli holokaust?

(Video) Hologram: How did I survive?

(Video) Hologram: Kako sam preživeo?

I survived,

Preživeo sam,

I believe,

verujem,

because providence watched over me.

zato što je proviđenje bdelo nada mnom.

SS: Turns out these answers were prerecorded in a studio.

SS: Ispostavlja se da su ovi odgovori unapred snimljeni u studiju.

Yet the effect is astounding.

Pa ipak, efekat je zapanjujuć.

You feel so connected to his story and to him as a person.

Osećate se privrženo njegovoj priči i njemu kao osobi.

I think there's something special about human interaction

Mislim da postoji nešto posebno u vezi sa ljudskom interakcijom

that makes it much more profound

što je čini mnogo dubljom

and personal

i ličnijom

than what books or lectures or movies could ever teach us.

nego što bi knjige, predavanja ili filmovi ikada mogli da nas nauče.

So I saw this and began to wonder,

Dakle, video sam ovo i počeo da se pitam:

can we create a model like this for anyone?

da li možemo da napravimo ovakav model za bilo koga?

A model that looks, talks and acts just like them?

Model koji izgleda, priča i ponaša se baš kao oni?

So I set out to see if this could be done

Pokrenuo sam se da vidim da li je izvodljivo

and eventually came up with a new solution

i naposletku došao do novog rešenja

that can build a model of a person using nothing but these:

koje može da napravi model osobe koristeći ništa drugo osim ovoga:

existing photos and videos of a person.

postojećih fotografija i snimaka osobe.

If you can leverage this kind of passive information,

Ako možete da iskoristite ovu vrstu pasivnih informacija,

just photos and video that are out there,

samo dostupne fotografije i snimke,

that's the key to scaling to anyone.

to je ključno za primenu na svakoga.

By the way, here's Richard Feynman,

Uzgred, evo Ričarda Fajnmana,

who in addition to being a Nobel Prize winner in physics

ko je uz to što je osvojio Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku,

was also known as a legendary teacher.

takođe bio poznat kao legendaran predavač.

Wouldn't it be great if we could bring him back

Zar ne bi bilo sjajno kada bismo mogli da ga vratimo

to give his lectures and inspire millions of kids,

da drži svoja predavanja i inspiriše milione klinaca,

perhaps not just in English but in any language?

možda čak ne samo na engleskom, već na bilo kom jeziku?

Or if you could ask our grandparents for advice and hear those comforting words

Ili ako biste mogli da pitate naše bake i deke za savet i čujete utešne reči

even if they're no longer with us?

čak i ako više nisu s nama?

Or maybe using this tool, book authors, alive or not,

Ili bi možda korišćenjem ovog alata pisci knjiga, živi ili ne,

could read aloud all of their books for anyone interested.

naglas mogli da čitaju sve svoje knjige za sve zainteresovane.

The creative possibilities here are endless,

Kreativne mogućnosti za ovo su beskrajne,

and to me, that's very exciting.

i za mene, to je vrlo uzbudljivo.

And here's how it's working so far.

A evo kako to radi za sad.

First, we introduce a new technique

Prvo, uvodimo novu tehniku

that can reconstruct a high-detailed 3D face model from any image

koja može da rekonstruiše veoma detaljan 3D model lica

sa bilo koje slike,

without ever 3D-scanning the person.

bez ikakvog 3D skeniranja osobe.

And here's the same output model from different views.

Evo istog izlaznog modela iz različitih uglova.

This also works on videos,

Ovo funkcioniše i na snimcima,

by running the same algorithm on each video frame

korišćenjem istog algoritma na svakoj slici snimka

and generating a moving 3D model.

i generisanjem pokretnog 3D modela.

And here's the same output model from different angles.

Evo istog izlaznog modela iz različitih uglova.

It turns out this problem is very challenging,

Ispostavlja se da je ovo veoma problematično,

but the key trick is that we are going to analyze

ali ključni trik leži u tome

da ćemo unapred analizirati veliku zbirku fotografija osobe.

a large photo collection of the person beforehand.

For George W. Bush, we can just search on Google,

Za Džordža V. Buša možemo prosto da potražimo na Guglu

and from that, we are able to build an average model,

i iz toga, u stanju smo da napravimo prosečan model,

an iterative, refined model to recover the expression

iterativan, prerađen model

da povratimo izraz u finim detaljima, kao što su brazde i bore.

in fine details, like creases and wrinkles.

What's fascinating about this

Ono što je fascinantno kod ovoga je

is that the photo collection can come from your typical photos.

da zbirka fotografija može nastati od vaših tipičnih fotografija.

It doesn't really matter what expression you're making

Nije stvarno bitno kakav izraz imate

or where you took those photos.

ili gde ste snimili fotografije.

What matters is that there are a lot of them.

Ono što je bitno je da ih ima mnogo.

And we are still missing color here,

A ovde nam još uvek fali boja,

so next, we develop a new blending technique

pa dalje razvijamo novu tehniku mešanja

that improves upon a single averaging method

koja koristi samo jednu metodu uprosečavanja

and produces sharp facial textures and colors.

i proizvodi jasne teksture lica i boje.

And this can be done for any expression.

A ovo može da se uradi za bilo koji izraz.

Now we have a control of a model of a person,

Sada imamo kontrolu nad modelom osobe,

and the way it's controlled now is by a sequence of static photos.

a način na koji se sada kontroliše je preko niza nepokretnih fotografija.

Notice how the wrinkles come and go, depending on the expression.

Obratite pažnju na to kako se bore pojavljuju i nestaju

u zavisnosti od izraza.

We can also use a video to drive the model.

Možemo da koristimo i snimak da upravljamo modelom.

(Video) Daniel Craig: Right, but somehow,

(Video) Danijel Krejg: Da, ali nekako smo uspeli

we've managed to attract some more amazing people.

da privučemo neke još neverovatnije ljude.

SS: And here's another fun demo.

SS: A evo još jednog zabavnog demo snimka.

So what you see here are controllable models

Ovde vidite upravljive modele ljudi,

of people I built from their internet photos.

koje sam napravio iz njihovih internet fotografija.

Now, if you transfer the motion from the input video,

Sada, ako se prebaci pokret sa ulaznog snimka

we can actually drive the entire party.

zapravo možemo da upravljamo celom družinom.

George W. Bush: It's a difficult bill to pass,

Džordž V. Buš: „Ovaj nacrt zakona će teško proći

because there's a lot of moving parts,

zato što ima mnogo pokretnih delova,

and the legislative processes can be ugly.

a proces zakonodavstva ume da bude gadan.“

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

SS: So coming back a little bit,

SS: Dakle, da se vratim malo unazad,

our ultimate goal, rather, is to capture their mannerisms

naš konačni cilj je radije da uhvatimo njihovu mimiku

or the unique way each of these people talks and smiles.

ili jedinstven način na koji svako od ovih ljudi priča ili se smeši.

So to do that, can we actually teach the computer

Da bismo to uradili, možemo li zaista naučiti računar

to imitate the way someone talks

da podražava način na koji neko govori

by only showing it video footage of the person?

pokazujući mu samo video snimke osobe?

And what I did exactly was, I let a computer watch

Tako sam pustio računaru da gleda

14 hours of pure Barack Obama giving addresses.

14 sati isključivo Baraka Obame i njegovih obraćanja.

And here's what we can produce given only his audio.

I evo šta možemo da izvedemo samo iz njegovog zvučnog snimka.

(Video) BO: The results are clear.

(Video) BO: Rezultati su jasni.

America's businesses have created 14.5 million new jobs

Američki biznisi su stvorili 14,5 miliona novih poslova

over 75 straight months.

tokom 75 meseci neprekidno.

SS: So what's being synthesized here is only the mouth region,

SS: Dakle, ono što se ovde spaja je samo oblast usta,

and here's how we do it.

i evo kako to radimo.

Our pipeline uses a neural network

Naš sistem koristi neuronsku mrežu

to convert and input audio into these mouth points.

da pretvori i dovede audio snimak u ove tačke usta.

(Video) BO: We get it through our job or through Medicare or Medicaid.

(Video) BO: Dobijamo to preko našeg posla ili preko zdravstvene zaštite.

SS: Then we synthesize the texture, enhance details and teeth,

SS: Tada stvaramo teksturu, poboljšavamo detalje i zube

and blend it into the head and background from a source video.

i stapamo u glavu i pozadinu iz izvornog snimka.

(Video) BO: Women can get free checkups,

(Video) BO: Žene mogu besplatno da se pregledaju

and you can't get charged more just for being a woman.

i ne može vam se naplatiti više samo zato što ste žena.

Young people can stay on a parent's plan until they turn 26.

Mladi mogu da ostanu u roditeljskom programu do 26. godine.

SS: I think these results seem very realistic and intriguing,

SS: Mislim da ovi rezultati izgledaju vrlo realistično i interesantno,

but at the same time frightening, even to me.

ali istovremeno zastrašujuće, čak i za mene.

Our goal was to build an accurate model of a person, not to misrepresent them.

Naš cilj je bio da napravimo precizan model osobe,

ne da je pogrešno predstavimo.

But one thing that concerns me is its potential for misuse.

Ali, ono što me brine je potencijal za zloupotrebu.

People have been thinking about this problem for a long time,

Ljudi su dugo razmišljali o ovom problemu,

since the days when Photoshop first hit the market.

još otkad je „Fotošop“ izašao na tržište.

As a researcher, I'm also working on countermeasure technology,

Kao istraživač, takođe radim na tehnologiji za protivmeru

and I'm part of an ongoing effort at AI Foundation,

i učestvujem u tekućem poduhvatu u fondaciji za veštačku inteligenciju

which uses a combination of machine learning and human moderators

gde se koristi kombinacija mašinskog učenja i ljudskih moderatora

to detect fake images and videos,

da se otkriju lažne slike i video-snimci,

fighting against my own work.

boreći se protiv sopstvenog posla.

And one of the tools we plan to release is called Reality Defender,

Jedan od alata koji planiramo da izdamo se zove „Branilac stvarnosti“ -

which is a web-browser plug-in that can flag potentially fake content

dodatak za internet pretraživače koji može da označi potencijalno lažne sadržaje

automatically, right in the browser.

automatski, direktno u samom pretraživaču.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Despite all this, though,

Uprkos svemu ovome,

fake videos could do a lot of damage,

lažni video-snimci mogu da učine dosta štete

even before anyone has a chance to verify,

čak i pre nego što iko stigne da ih proveri,

so it's very important that we make everyone aware

tako da je vrlo važno da svakoga osvestimo

of what's currently possible

o tome šta je trenutno moguće,

so we can have the right assumption and be critical about what we see.

tako da možemo pravilno da pretpostavimo i da posmatramo kritički.

There's still a long way to go before we can fully model individual people

I dalje smo daleko od toga da možemo potpuno da modelujemo pojedince

and before we can ensure the safety of this technology.

i pre nego što osiguramo bezbednost ove tehnologije.

But I'm excited and hopeful,

Ali ja sam uzbuđen i pun nade,

because if we use it right and carefully,

jer ako ga koristimo na pravi način i pažljivo,

this tool can allow any individual's positive impact on the world

ovaj alat može da omogući da pozitivni uticaj ma kog pojedinca na svet

to be massively scaled

bude mnogostruko uveličan

and really help shape our future the way we want it to be.

i zaista pomogne da oblikujemo budućnost u onakvu kakvu želimo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)