What it's like to be a parent in a war zone | Aala El-Khani

Translator: Rudy Herman Sinen Reviewer: Muaz Rudy Herman

Worldwide, over 1.5 billion people experience armed conflict.

Di seluruh dunia, lebih 1.5 bilion orang mengalami konflik bersenjata.

In response, people are forced to flee their country,

Akibatnya, ramai orang terpaksa meninggalkan negara mereka,

leaving over 15 million refugees.

kira-kira lebih 15 juta pelarian.

Children, without a doubt,

Sudah tentu, kanak-kanak

are the most innocent and vulnerable victims ...

adalah paling tidak bersalah dan mangsa yang lemah

but not just from the obvious physical dangers,

tetapi bukan hanya bahaya fizikal yang boleh dilihat

but from the often unspoken effects that wars have on their families.

tetapi dari kesan perang yang tidak diungkapkan pada keluarga

The experiences of war leave children at a real high risk

Pengalaman perang mendedahkan kanak-kanak kepada risiko tinggi

for the development of emotional and behavioral problems.

dalam pembentukan masalah emosi dan kelakuan.

Children, as we can only imagine,

Bayangkan, kanak-kanak

will feel worried, threatened and at risk.

akan rasa bimbang, terancam dan berisiko.

But there is good news.

Tetapi, ada berita baik.

The quality of care that children receive in their families

Mutu penjagaan yang kanak-kanak terima dari keluarga mereka

can have a more significant effect on their well-being

boleh memberi kesan yang lebih baik bagi kesejahteraan mereka

than from the actual experiences of war that they have been exposed to.

dari pengalaman sebenar perang yang mereka terdedah.

So actually, children can be protected

Jadi sebenarnya, kanak-kanak boleh dilindungi

by warm, secure parenting during and after conflict.

dengan kasih sayang dan perlindungan ibu bapa semasa dan selepas konflik.

In 2011, I was a first-year PhD student

Pada 2011, saya seorang pelajar PhD tahun pertama.

in the University of Manchester School of Psychological Sciences.

di Universiti Manchester Sekolah Sains Psikologi.

Like many of you here,

Seperti anda semua di sini,

I watched the crisis in Syria unfold in front of me on the TV.

Saya menyaksikan krisis Syria di TV.

My family is originally from Syria,

Keluarga saya berasal dari Syria.

and very early on,

dan sejak peringkat awal,

I lost several family members in really horrifying ways.

Saya hilang beberapa ahli keluarga dengan cara yang menyayat hati

I'd sit and I'd gather with my family and watch the TV.

Saya bersama-sama keluarga saya menonton TV.

We've all seen those scenes:

Kami saksikan semua kejadian:

bombs destroying buildings,

bom memusnahkan bangunan,

chaos, destruction

kucar-kacir, kehancuran

and people screaming and running.

dan orang ramai berteriak dan berlari.

It was always the people screaming and running that really got me the most,

Suasana orang berteriak dan berlari benar-benar menyedihkan saya.

especially those terrified-looking children.

terutama wajah kanak-kanak yang ketakutan.

I was a mother to two young, typically inquisitive children.

Saya ibu kepada dua orang anak kecil yang gemar bertanya

They were five and six then,

Masa itu, mereka berumur lima dan enam tahun,

at an age where they typically asked lots and lots of questions,

pada umur yang biasanya mereka bertanya bermacam soalan,

and expected real, convincing answers.

dan mahu jawapan yang benar dan menyakinkan.

So, I began to wonder what it might be like

Jadi, saya mula terfikir bagaimana keadaannya

to parent my children in a war zone and a refugee camp.

saya menjaga anak-anak di zon perang dan kem pelarian.

Would my children change?

Adakah anak saya akan berubah?

Would my daughter's bright, happy eyes lose their shine?

Adakah sinar pada wajah anak saya akan jadi kelam?

Would my son's really relaxed and carefree nature become fearful and withdrawn?

Adakah sikap anak lelaki saya yang santai dan bebas akan menjadi ketakutan?

How would I cope?

Bagaimana saya menanganinya?

Would I change?

Adakah saya akan berubah?

As psychologists and parent trainers,

Sebagai ahli psikologi dan jurulatih ibu bapa,

we know that arming parents with skills in caring for their children

kita tahu memberikan ibu bapa kemahiran menjaga anak mereka

can have a huge effect on their well-being,

ada kesan yang besar pada kesejahteraan mereka,

and we call this parent training.

dan kita panggil sebagai latihan ibu bapa.

The question I had was,

Persoalan saya ialah,

could parent training programs be useful for families

adakah program latihan ibu bapa berguna kepada keluarga

while they were still in war zones or refugee camps?

yang berada dalam zon perang atau kem pelarian?

Could we reach them with advice or training

Bolehkah kita dampingi dengan nasihat atau latihan?

that would help them through these struggles?

yang membantu mereka melalui kesukaran ini?

So I approached my PhD supervisor,

Jadi saya bertemu penyelia PhD saya,

Professor Rachel Calam,

Profesor Rachel Calam,

with the idea of using my academic skills to make some change in the real world.

untuk gunakan kemahiran akademik saya untuk mengubah dunia.

I wasn't quite sure what exactly I wanted to do.

Saya tidak pasti apa yang saya mahu lakukan.

She listened carefully and patiently,

Beliau mendengar dengan teliti dan sabar.

and then to my joy she said,

tiba-tiba beliau berkata,

"If that's what you want to do, and it means so much to you,

"Jika anda mahu lakukannya, dan ia amat bermakna kepada anda,

then let's do it.

lakukanlah.

Let's find ways to see if parent programs

Mari cari jalan jika program ibu bapa

can be useful for families in these contexts."

berguna untuk keluarga dalam konteks itu."

So for the past five years, myself and my colleagues --

Sejak lima tahun lalu, saya dan rakan kerja saya,

Prof. Calam and Dr. Kim Cartwright --

Prof. Calam dan Dr. Kim Cartwright,

have been working on ways to support families

berusaha bagamana untuk menyokong keluarga

that have experienced war and displacement.

yang pernah mengalami perang dan penghijrahan.

Now, to know how to help families that have been through conflict

Untuk tahu cara membantu keluarga yang telah melalui konflik

support their children,

membantu anak-anak mereka,

the first step must obviously be to ask them what they're struggling with,

langkah pertama tentunya tanyakan mereka masalah yang dihadapi,

right?

betul, kan?

I mean, it seems obvious.

Maksud saya, ia jelas.

But it's often those that are the most vulnerable,

Tetapi biasanya, golongan yang paling lemah,

that we're trying to support,

itulah yang kita cuba sokong,

that we actually don't ask.

tetapi sebenarnya mereka yang tidak ditanya.

How many times have we just assumed we know exactly the right thing

Berapa kerap kita andaikan kita tahu perkara yang betul

that's going to help someone or something without actually asking them first?

untuk membantu seseorang atau sesuatu tanpa bertanya lebih dahulu?

So I travelled to refugee camps in Syria and in Turkey,

Jadi, saya kunjungi kem pelarian di Syria dan Turki,

and I sat with families, and I listened.

dan duduk bersama mereka sekeluarga dan mendengar.

I listened to their parenting challenges,

Saya mendengar cabaran sebagai ibu bapa,

I listened to their parenting struggles

saya mendengar kesukaran sebagai ibu bapa

and I listened to their call for help.

dan saya dengar laungan mereka untuk bantuan.

And sometimes that was just paused,

Adakalanya, kami hanya terdiam,

as all I could do was hold hands with them

apa saya boleh buat hanya genggam tangan

and just join them in silent crying and prayer.

bersama mereka, menangis dan berdoa.

They told me about their struggles,

Mereka beritahu saya mengenai perjuangan mereka,

they told me about the rough, harsh refugee camp conditions

mereka beritahu saya keadaan kem pelarian yang sukar,

that made it hard to focus on anything but practical chores

tidak boleh fokus melainkan tugasan yang penting

like collecting clean water.

seperti mengambil air bersih.

They told me how they watched their children withdraw;

Mereka beritahu bagaimana anak-anak mereka berubah;

the sadness, depression, anger,

kesedihan, kemurungan, kemarahan,

bed-wetting, thumb-sucking, fear of loud noises,

kencing malam, menghisap jari, takut bunyi bising,

fear of nightmares --

takut mimpi ngeri -

terrifying, terrifying nightmares.

mimpi yang sangat, sangat mengerikan.

These families had been through what we had been watching on the TV.

Keluarga-keluarga ini telah mengalami apa yang kita saksikan di TV.

The mothers --

Ibu-ibu,

almost half of them were now widows of war,

hampir separuh mereka kini janda-janda perang

or didn't even know if their husbands were dead or alive --

atau tidak tahu jika suami mereka mati atau hidup,

described how they felt they were coping so badly.

menceritakan kesukaran menghadapi keadaan ini.

They watched their children change and they had no idea how to help them.

Mereka saksikan anak mereka berubah tetapi tidak tahu cara membantu mereka.

They didn't know how to answer their children's questions.

Mereka tidak tahu menjawab soalan anak-anak mereka.

What I found incredibly astonishing and so motivational

Apa yang saya dapati begitu menakjubkan dan memberangsangkan

was that these families were so motivated to support their children.

adalah keluarga ini sungguh terdorong untuk membantu anak-anak mereka.

Despite all these challenges they faced,

Walau berdepan dengan cabaran ini,

they were trying to help their children.

mereka cuba membantu anak-anak mereka.

They were making attempts at seeking support from NGO workers,

Mereka cuba mendapatkan sokongan pekerja NGO,

from refugee camp teachers,

dari guru-guru kem pelarian,

professional medics,

pakar perubatan profesional

other parents.

ibu bapa yang lain.

One mother I met had only been in a camp for four days,

Seorang ibu yang saya temui baru empat hari berada di kem

and had already made two attempts

dan sudah membuat dua percubaan

at seeking support for her eight-year-old daughter

untuk dapatkan bantuan bagi anaknya berumur lapan tahun

who was having terrifying nightmares.

yang mengalami mimpi yang mengerikan.

But sadly, these attempts are almost always useless.

Malangnya, percubaannya selalunya tidak berhasil.

Refugee camp doctors, when available,

Doktor kem pelarian, jika ada,

are almost always too busy,

selalu terlalu sibuk

or don't have the knowledge or the time for basic parenting supports.

atau tidak ada pengetahuan atau masa untuk bantuan asas ibu bapa.

Refugee camp teachers and other parents are just like them --

Guru kem pelarian dan ibu bapa lain sama seperti mereka,

part of a new refugee community who's struggling with new needs.

masyarakat pelarian yang baru yang terpaksa memenuhi keperluan baru.

So then we began to think.

Jadi, kita mula berfikir.

How could we help these families?

Bagaimana boleh kita membantu keluarga ini?

The families were struggling with things much bigger than they could cope with.

Keluarga ini bergelut dengan masalah lebih besar dari yang mampu ditangani.

The Syrian crisis made it clear

Krisis Syria jelas membuktikan

how incredibly impossible it would be to reach families on an individual level.

amat mustahil untuk dapat membantu keluarga secara individu.

How else could we help them?

Apakah cara lain yang boleh kita bantu mereka?

How would we reach families at a population level

Bagaiaman boleh kita dekati keluarga secara ramai

and low costs

dan rendah kos

in these terrifying, terrifying times?

dalam masa yang menakutkan ini?

After hours of speaking to NGO workers,

Selepas berjam-jam berbincang dengan pekerja NGO,

one suggested a fantastic innovative idea

seorang mencadangkan satu idea innovatif yang hebat

of distributing parenting information leaflets via bread wrappers --

iaitu mengedarkan maklumat keibubapaan melalui bungkusan roti.

bread wrappers that were being delivered to families in a conflict zone in Syria

Bungkusan roti yang diedarkan kepada keluarga di zon konflik Syria

by humanitarian workers.

oleh para pekerja kemanusiaan.

So that's what we did.

Jadi, itulah yang kami lakukan.

The bread wrappers haven't changed at all in their appearance,

Tidak ada apa-apa perubahan pada bungkusan roti itu

except for the addition of two pieces of paper.

melainkan ada dua keping kertas yang dilampirkan.

One was a parenting information leaflet that had basic advice and information

Satu ialah risalah keibubapaan yang memberikan maklumat asas

that normalized to the parent what they might be experiencing,

mengenai apa yang ibu bapa sedang alami

and what their child might be experiencing.

dan apa yang anak mereka mungkin alami.

And information on how they could support themselves and their children,

Dan maklumat mengenai cara mereka boleh membantu diri dan anak mereka,

such as information like spending time talking to your child,

seperti meluangkan masa berbual-bual dengan anak mereka,

showing them more affection,

menunjukkan lebih kasih sayang kepada mereka,

being more patient with your child,

lebih bersabar terhadap anak anda,

talking to your children.

berbual dengan anak anda.

The other piece of paper was a feedback questionnaire,

Kertas yang satu lagi ialah soalan-soalan maklum balas.

and of course, there was a pen.

Dan sudah tentu, disertakan pen.

So is this simply leaflet distribution,

Jadi, adakah ini sekadar pengedaran risalah

or is this actually a possible means of delivering psychological first aid

atau ini sebenarnya satu cara menyebarkan bantuan awal psikologi

that provides warm, secure, loving parenting?

untuk memberikan sentuhan ibu bapa yang menyayangi, meyakinkan?

We managed to distribute 3,000 of these in just one week.

Kami berjaya mengedarkan 3,000 bungkusan dalam hanya seminggu.

What was incredible was we had a 60 percent response rate.

Apa yang menakjubkan ialah kami menerima kadar respons 60 peratus.

60 percent of the 3,000 families responded.

60 peratus respons daripada 3,000 keluarga.

I don't know how many researchers we have here today,

Saya tidak tahu berapa ramai pengkaji yang hadir pada hari ini,

but that kind of response rate is fantastic.

tetapi kadar respons seperti itu adalah hebat.

To have that in Manchester would be a huge achievement,

Respons seperti itu jika di Manchester adalah satu pencapaian,

let alone in a conflict zone in Syria --

apa lagi jika di zon konflik di Syria.

really highlighting how important these kinds of messages were to families.

Ia benar-benar menunjukkan pentingnya mesej ini kepada keluarga.

I remember how excited and eager we were for the return of the questionnaires.

Saya masih ingat, betapa gembira bila menerima maklum balas itu kembali.

The families had left hundreds of messages --

Keluarga itu meninggalkan ratusan mesej

most incredibly positive and encouraging.

yang kebanyakannya amat positif dan menggalakkan.

But my favorite has got to be,

Tetapi yang paling saya suka ialah

"Thank you for not forgetting about us and our children."

"Terima kasih kerana tidak melupakan kami dan anak-anak kami."

This really illustrates the potential means

Ia benar-benar menunjukkan potensi

of the delivery of psychological first aid to families,

menyebarkan bantuan awal psikologi kepada keluarga

and the return of feedback, too.

dan menerima kembali maklum balas.

Just imagine replicating this using other means

Bayangkan, menyebarkannya melalui cara yang lain

such as baby milk distribution, or female hygiene kits,

seperti melalui pengedaran susu bayi atau perkakas kebersihan wanita

or even food baskets.

atau dalam bakul makanan.

But let's bring this closer to home,

Mari bicara sesuatu yang hampir dengan kita

because the refugee crisis

sebab krisis pelarian ini

is one that is having an effect on every single one of us.

menjejas setiap kita.

We're bombarded with images daily of statistics and of photos,

Setiap hari kita dihujani dengan statistik dan gambar,

and that's not surprising,

dan bukan sesuatu yang menghairankan,

because by last month,

sebab sehingga bulan lalu,

over one million refugees had reached Europe.

lebih satu juta pelarian telah sampai di Eropah.

One million.

Satu juta.

Refugees are joining our communities,

Pelarian kini menyertai masyarakat kita,

they're becoming our neighbors,

mereka menjadi jiran-jiran kita,

their children are attending our children's schools.

anak-anak mereka menghadiri sekolah anak-anak kita.

So we've adapted the leaflet to meet the needs of European refugees,

Jadi kami menyesuaikan risalah itu untuk keperluan pelarian Eropah

and we have them online, open-access,

dan ada dalam talian, boleh dibaca oleh sesiapa,

in areas with a really high refugee influx.

di kawasan yang ada jumlah pelarian yang sangat ramai.

For example, the Swedish healthcare uploaded it onto their website,

Contohnya, pihak kesihatan Sweden muat naik di laman web mereka.

and within the first 45 minutes,

Dalam masa 45 minit pertama,

it was downloaded 343 times --

ia dimuat turun 343 kali...

really highlighting how important it is

benar-benar menunjukkan betapa penting

for volunteers, practitioners and other parents

bagi sukarelawan, pengamal dan ibu bapa yang lain

to have open-access, psychological first-aid messages.

mempunyai mesej bantuan awal psikologi yang mudah dicapai.

In 2013, I was sitting on the cold, hard floor of a refugee camp tent

Pada 2013, saya duduk di lantai dingin dalam khemah kem pelarian

with mothers sitting around me as I was conducting a focus group.

bersama ibu-ibu sedang saya menjalankan kumpulan fokus.

Across from me stood an elderly lady

Di depan saya seorang wanita tua berdiri dengan

with what seemed to be a 13-year-old girl lying beside her,

seorang budak perempuan, seperti, berumur 13 tahun berbaring di sebelahnya

with her head on the elderly lady's knees.

dengan kepalanya di lutut wanita tua itu.

The girl stayed quiet throughout the focus group,

Budak perempuan itu senyap di sepanjang kumpulan fokus,

not talking at all,

langsung tidak bercakap,

with her knees curled up against her chest.

dengan lututnya mengerekot di dadanya.

Towards the end of the focus group,

Di penghujung kumpulan fokus itu,

and as I was thanking the mothers for their time,

sedang saya ucap terima kasih kepada ibu-ibu kerana luangkan masa,

the elderly lady looked at me while pointing at the young girl,

wanita tua itu memandang saya dan tunjuk ke arah budak itu

and said to me, "Can you help us with...?"

dan katanya, "Boleh anda bantu saya dengan..?"

Not quite sure what she expected me to do,

Tidak pasti apa yang dia mahu saya lakukan.

I looked at the young girl and smiled,

Saya pandang budak perempuan itu dan senyum

and in Arabic I said,

dan saya berkata dalam bahasa Arab,

"Salaam alaikum. Shu-ismak?"

"Salaam alaikum. Shu-ismak?"

"What's your name?"

"Apa nama awak?"

She looked at me really confused and unengaged,

Dia pandang saya, wajahnya begitu keliru dan tidak beri perhatian

but then said, "Halul."

tetapi berkata, "Halul."

Halul is the pet's name for the Arabic female name, Hala,

Halul ialah nama timangan bagi nama wanita Arab iaitu Hala

and is only really used to refer to really young girls.

dan hanya digunakan oleh budak perempuan yang sangat muda.

At that point I realized that actually Hala was probably much older than 13.

Pada waktu itu, saya sedar Hala sebenarnya lebih dewasa dari 13 tahun.

It turns out Hala was a 25-year-old mother to three young children.

Sebenarnya, Hala berumur 25 tahun dan ibu kepada tiga anak kecil.

Hala had been a confident, bright, bubbly, loving, caring mother

Hala dahulunya seorang ibu yang yakin diri, bijak, ceria, penyayang

to her children,

kepada anak-anaknya

but the war had changed all of that.

tetapi perang telah mengubah segalanya.

She had lived through bombs being dropped in her town;

Dia mengalami peritiwa bandarnya dibom dari udara,

she had lived through explosions.

dan pelbagai letupan.

When fighter jets were flying around their building,

Semasa jet pejuang terbang di sekitar bangunannya,

dropping bombs,

melepaskan bom,

her children would be screaming, terrified from the noise.

anak-anaknya berteriak ketakutan dengan bunyi bising.

Hala would frantically grab pillows and cover her children's ears

Sambil tidak keruan, Hala mencapai bantal untuk menutup telinga anaknya

to block out the noise,

untuk menghalang bunyi bising

all the while screaming herself.

dan dia tidak henti memekik.

When they reached the refugee camp

Bila mereka sampai di kem pelarian

and she knew they were finally in some kind of safety,

dan dia tahu akhirnya mereka berada di tempat perlindungan,

she completely withdrew to acting like her old childhood self.

wataknya langsung berubah dan dia berkelakuan seperti kanak-kanak.

She completely rejected her family --

Dia langsung tidak mengenali keluarganya,

her children, her husband.

anak-anaknya, suaminya.

Hala simply could no longer cope.

Hala tidak mampu menanggungnya lagi.

This is a parenting struggle with a really tough ending,

Inilah yang dihadapi ibu bapa dengan kesudahan yang menyayat hati.

but sadly, it's not uncommon.

Yang sedihnya, ia bukan jarang berlaku.

Those who experience armed conflict and displacement

Sesiapa yang melalui konflik bersenjata dan penghijrahan

will face serious emotional struggles.

akan menghadapi pergelutan emosi yang serius.

And that's something we can all relate to.

Dan itu sesuatu yang kita boleh fahami

If you have been through a devastating time in your life,

jika anda pernah melalui detik yang mengecewakan dalam hidup,

if you have lost someone or something you really care about,

jika anda pernah kehilangan seseorang atau sesuatu yang anda sayangi,

how would you continue to cope?

bagaimana anda terus menghadapinya?

Could you still be able to care for yourself and for your family?

Bolehkah anda masih menjaga diri dan keluarga anda?

Given that the first years of a child's life are crucial

Tahun pertama kanak-kanak adalah penting

for healthy physical and emotional development,

untuk pembangunan fizikal dan emosi yang sihat.

and that 1.5 billion people are experiencing armed conflict --

1.5 bilion orang sedang mengalami konflik bersenjata

many of whom are now joining our communities --

dan ramai mereka bersama dalam masyarakat kita sekarang.

we cannot afford to turn a blind eye

Kita tidak boleh untuk tidak mengendahkan

to the needs of those who are experiencing war and displacement.

keperluan mereka yang mengalami perang dan penghijrahan.

We must prioritize these families' needs --

Kita mesti utamakan keperluan keluarga sebegini,

both those who are internally displaced, and those who are refugees worldwide.

bagi yang terpaksa berpindah dalam negara dan pelarian seluruh dunia.

These needs must be prioritized by NGO workers, policy makers,

Keperluan ini mesti diutamakan oleh pekerja NGO, penggubal dasar,

the WHO, the UNHCR and every single one of us

WHO, UNHCR dan setiap kita.

in whatever capacity it is that we function in our society.

dalam apa sahaja peranan yang kita lakukan dalam masyarakat kita.

When we begin to recognize the individual faces of the conflict,

Apabila kita mengenali wajah-wajah yang terjejas dengan konflik,

when we begin to notice those intricate emotions on their faces,

apabila kita peduli emosi yang merungsingkan di wajah mereka,

we begin to see them as humans, too.

kita mula melihat mereka sebagai manusia juga.

We begin to see the needs of these families,

Kita mula memahami keperluan keluarga-keluarga ini

and these are the real human needs.

dan inilah keperluan manusia yang sebenar.

When these family needs are prioritized,

Apabila keperluan keluarga-keluarga ini diutamakan,

interventions for children in humanitarian settings

bantuan bagi kanak-kanak dalam suasana kemanusiaan

will prioritize and recognize the primary role of the family in supporting children.

akan mengutamakan dan mengakui peranan asas keluarga dalam membantu kanak-kanak.

Family mental health will be shouting loud and clear

Kesihatan mental keluarga akan menuntut didengari

in global, international agenda.

dalam agenda global, antarabangsa.

And children will be less likely to enter social service systems

Dan kemungkinan kanak-kanak dalam sistem bantuan sosial akan berkurangan

in resettlement countries

di negara yang mereka hijrah

because their families would have had support earlier on.

sebab keluarga mereka sudah menerima sokongan sebelum ini.

And we will be more open-minded,

Dan fikiran kita akan lebih terbuka,

more welcoming, more caring

lebih mengalu-alukan, lebih mengasihani

and more trusting to those who are joining our communities.

dan lebih mempercayai kepada yang menyertai masyarakat kita.

We need to stop wars.

Kita perlu menghentikan peperangan.

We need to build a world where children can dream of planes dropping gifts,

Kita perlu membina dunia di mana kanak-kanak impikan pesawat yang menebarkan hadiah

and not bombs.

dan bukannya bom.

Until we stop armed conflicts raging throughout the world,

Sehingga kita hentikan konflik bersenjata yang menghantui dunia,

families will continue to be displaced,

keluarga akan terus terpaksa berhijrah,

leaving children vulnerable.

kanak-kank akan terjejas.

But by improving parenting and caregiver support,

Dengan meningkatkan sokongan pada ibu bapa dan pengasuh,

it may be possible to weaken the links between war and psychological difficulties

maka kaitan di antara perang dan tekanan psikologi boleh dikurangkan

in children and their families.

pada kanak-kanak dan keluarga mereka.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)