Robert Wright: The logic of non-zero-sum progress

93,498 views ใƒป 2008-04-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hye-won Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : SEHYOUN KIM
00:26
I've got apparently 18 minutes
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ํ•œ 18๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š”
00:28
to convince you that history has a direction, an arrow;
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ํ™”์‚ด๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
that in some fundamental sense, it's good;
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:34
that the arrow points to something positive.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™”์‚ด์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
Now, when the TED people first approached me about giving this upbeat talk --
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TED์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋‹น์‹œ๋Š”
00:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:42
-- that was before the cartoon of Muhammad had triggered global rioting.
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๋งˆํ˜ธ๋ฉ”ํŠธ ํ’์ž ๋งŒํ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์†Œ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:48
It was before the avian flu had reached Europe.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊นŒ์ง€ ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
00:50
It was before Hamas had won the Palestinian election,
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ํ•˜๋งˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”
00:52
eliciting various counter-measures by Israel.
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์ด ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ 
00:56
And to be honest, if I had known when I was asked to give this upbeat talk
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์†”์งํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚™๊ด€์  ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
01:00
that even as I was giving the upbeat talk,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
01:03
the apocalypse would be unfolding --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€์žฌ๋‚œ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์งˆ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
01:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:07
-- I might have said, "Is it okay if I talk about something else?"
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"๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:11
But I didn't, OK. So we're here. I'll do what I can. I'll do what I can.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:17
I've got to warn you:
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์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:19
the sense in which my worldview is upbeat has always been kind of subtle,
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์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข€ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:26
sometimes even elusive.
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๊ฐ„ํ˜น ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”
01:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:29
The sense in which I can be uplifting and inspiring --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๊ณ ์–‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€--
01:32
I mean, there's always been a kind of a certain grim dimension
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๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:35
to the way I try to uplift, so if grim inspiration --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋น„๊ด€์  ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜--
01:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:40
-- if grim inspiration is not a contradiction in terms, that is, I'm afraid,
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-๋งŒ์•ฝ '๋น„๊ด€์  ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜'๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์–ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์œ ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ 
01:44
the most you can hope for. OK, today -- that's if I succeed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
01:48
I'll see what I can do. OK?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
01:50
Now, in one sense,
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์ž, ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:52
the claim that history has a direction is not that controversial.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:55
If you're just talking about social structure,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
01:58
OK, clearly that's gotten more complex
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:00
a little over the last 10,000 years -- has reached higher and higher levels.
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋งŒ์—ฌ๋…„์—() ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ ์  ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:03
And in fact, that's actually sustaining
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋„, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
02:05
a long-standing trend that predates human beings, OK,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ,
02:09
that biological evolution was doing for us.
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์ฆ‰, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Because what happened in the beginning, this stuff encases itself in a cell,
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ํƒœ์ดˆ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
then cells start hanging out together in societies.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณค ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€์š”
02:20
Eventually they get so close, they form multicellular organisms,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:23
then you get complex multicellular organisms; they form societies.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ธํฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ 
02:28
But then at some point, one of these multicellular organisms
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ธํฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
02:31
does something completely amazing with this stuff, which is
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด์ฃ 
02:34
it launches a whole second kind of evolution: cultural evolution.
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์ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™” ์ง„ํ™”์ฃ 
02:39
And amazingly, that evolution sustains the trajectory
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š”
02:42
that biological evolution had established toward greater complexity.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃ 
02:47
By cultural evolution we mean the evolution of ideas.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ง„ํ™”๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:50
A lot of you have heard the term "memes." The evolution of technology,
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'๋น„์œ ์ „์  ๋ฌธํ™”์š”์†Œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:53
I pay a lot of attention to, so, you know,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”
02:55
one of the first things you got was a little hand axe.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์†๋„๋ผ์ฃ 
02:59
Generations go by, somebody says, hey, why don't we put it on a stick?
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๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง€๋‚˜, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ '์ด๋ด, ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:07
Just absolutely delights the little ones.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ 
03:10
Next best thing to a video game.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
03:12
This may not seem to impress,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ณ„๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
03:14
but technological evolution is progressive, so another 10, 20,000 years,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ์ „์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ด๋งŒ ๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š”
03:18
and armaments technology takes you here.
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๊ตฐ๋น„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ 
03:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:21
Impressive. And the rate of technological evolution speeds up,
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์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์ฃ . ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„ํ™” ์†๋„๋Š” ๋นจ๋ผ์ ธ
03:25
so a mere quarter of a century after this, you get this, OK.
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๋‹จ์ง€ 25๋…„ ํ›„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™€์š”
03:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:31
And this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚˜์™€์š”
03:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:34
I'm sorry -- it was a cheap laugh, but I wanted to find a way
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
03:37
to transition back to this idea of the unfolding apocalypse,
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์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ€์ฐธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:40
and I thought that might do it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”
03:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:49
So, what threatens to happen with this unfolding apocalypse
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์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ€์žฌ์•™์ด ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
03:54
is the collapse of global social organization.
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:58
Now, first let me remind you how much work it took to get us where we are,
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๋จผ์ € ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
04:01
to be on the brink of true global social organization.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํž˜์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:04
Originally, you had the most complex societies, the hunter-gatherer village.
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์›๋ž˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋ ต์ฑ„์ง‘ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด์š”
04:10
Stonehenge is the remnant of a chiefdom,
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์Šคํ†คํ—จ์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€ํ• ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž”์žฌ๋กœ
04:12
which is what you get with the invention of agriculture: multi-village polity
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์ด๋Š” ๋†์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๊ฐ€
04:15
with centralized rule.
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์ค‘์•™์ง‘๊ถŒํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:18
With the invention of writing, you start getting cities. This is blurry. I kind of like that
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๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ทํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”
04:23
because it makes it look like a one-celled organism and reminds you
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๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
04:26
how many levels organic organization has already moved through
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์œ ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐจ์›์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์™”์„์ง€
04:30
to get to this point. And then you get to, you know, you get empires.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง˜์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ œ๊ตญ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ฃ 
04:36
I want to stress, you know, social organization can transcend political bounds.
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ •์น˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
This is the Silk Road connecting the Chinese Empire and the Roman Empire.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹คํฌ๋กœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์„ ์ž‡๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:44
So you had social complexity spanning the whole continent,
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”
04:47
even if no polity did similarly. Today, you've got nation states.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜ ์กฐ์ง๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€์š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ 
04:52
Point is: there's obviously collaboration and organization going on
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด
04:55
beyond national bounds.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์กฐ์งํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:57
This is actually just a picture of the earth at night,
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:00
and I'm just putting it up because I think it's pretty.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:02
Does kind of convey the sense that this is an integrated system.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜,๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ 
05:07
Now, I explained this growth of complexity by reference to something
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:13
called "non-zero sumness."
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์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:17
Assuming that a few of you did not do the assigned reading, very quickly,
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
05:22
the key idea is the distinction between zero-sum games, in which correlations
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์žˆ์ฃ 
05:27
are inverse: always a winner and a loser.
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์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ํŒจ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
05:30
Non-zero-sum games in which correlations can be positive, OK.
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋น„๋ก€์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
05:34
So like in tennis, usually it's win-lose;
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ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ŠนํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
05:38
it always adds up to zero-zero-sum. But if you're playing doubles,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ๋กœ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋”๋ธ”์„ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ•˜๋ฉด
05:41
the person on your side of the net, they're in the same boat as you,
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๋„คํŠธ ์•ˆ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์— ํƒ„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:43
so you're playing a non-zero-sum game with them.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”
05:45
It's either for the better or for the worse, OK.
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๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:48
A lot of forms of non-zero-sum behavior in the realm of economics and so on
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ํ–‰๋™์€
05:53
in everyday life often leads to cooperation.
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ํ˜‘๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:57
The argument I make is basically that, well,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
05:59
non-zero-sum games have always been part of life.
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”
06:01
You have them in hunter-gatherer societies,
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์ˆ˜๋ ต์ฑ„์ง‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:03
but then through technological evolution, new forms of technology arise
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜
06:08
that facilitate or encourage the playing of non-zero-sum games,
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์ด‰์ง„ ํ˜น์€ ์žฅ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:13
involving more people over larger territory.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์€ ์˜ํ† ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ์š”.
06:16
Social structure adapts to accommodate this possibility and
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์‚ฌํšŒ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜
06:20
to harness this productive potential, so you get cities, you know,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ฃ 
06:23
and you get all the non-zero-sum games you don't think about
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
06:26
that are being played across the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:27
Like, have you ever thought when you buy a car,
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋•Œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:30
how many people on how many different continents contributed
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ
06:32
to the manufacture of that car? Those are people in effect
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
you're playing a non-zero-sum game with.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ฃ 
06:39
I mean, there are certainly plenty of them around.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”
06:46
Now, this sounds like an intrinsically upbeat worldview in a way,
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์ž, ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
06:49
because when you think of non-zero, you think win-win, you know,
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์œˆ์œˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
06:52
that's good. Well, there are a few reasons
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์•„์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:54
that actually it's not intrinsically upbeat.
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๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:57
First of all, it can accommodate; it doesn't deny the existence
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:01
of inequality exploitation war.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ฐฉ์ทจ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:04
But there's a more fundamental reason
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:06
that it's not intrinsically upbeat, because a non-zero-sum game,
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข‹๋“  ๋‚˜์˜๋“  ๋‚˜์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด
07:09
all it tells you for sure is that the fortunes will be correlated for better or worse.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
07:13
It doesn't necessarily predict a win-win outcome.
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ๊ผญ ์œˆ์œˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”
07:19
So, in a way, the question is: on what grounds
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ
07:21
am I upbeat at all about history? And the answer is,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
07:25
first of all, on balance I would say people have played their games
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
07:29
to more win-win outcomes than lose-lose outcomes. On balance,
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์œˆ์œˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:33
I think history is a net positive in the non-zero-sum game department.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋ฉด '์ˆœ ๊ธ์ •'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:39
And a testament to this is the thing that most amazes me,
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
07:44
most impresses me, and most uplifts me,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ƒ๊นŠ๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ์–‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
which is that there is a moral dimension to history;
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›,
07:51
there is a moral arrow. We have seen moral progress over time.
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๋„๋•์˜ ํ™”์‚ด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„๋•์—๋„ ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
07:54
2,500 years ago, members of one Greek city-state
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2500๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋„์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
07:58
considered members of another Greek city-state subhuman
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋„์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:01
and treated them that way. And then this moral revolution arrived,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋„๋• ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
08:06
and they decided that actually, no, Greeks are human beings.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '์•„๋ƒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์–ด์š”
08:10
It's just the Persians who aren't fully human
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฑด ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์ธ์ด๋‹ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ฒ˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์—†์–ด,
08:13
and don't deserve to be treated very nicely.
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:15
But this was progress -- you know, give them credit. And now today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
08:18
we've seen more progress. I think -- I hope -- most people here would say
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์ฃ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋ฐ
08:21
that all people everywhere are human beings,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ 
08:24
deserve to be treated decently,
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด์š”
08:27
unless they do something horrendous, regardless of race or religion.
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์ธ์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
08:31
And you have to read your ancient history to realize what a revolution that has been,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:35
OK. This was not a prevalent view,
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๋„ค, ์ด๊ฑด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
08:37
few thousand years ago, and I attribute it to this non-zero-sum dynamic.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:42
I think that's the reason there is as much tolerance toward nationalities,
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๊ตญ์ , ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:46
ethnicities, religions as there is today. If you asked me,
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๊ทธ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”
08:51
you know, why am I not in favor of bombing Japan,
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์ผ๋ณธ์— ํญํƒ„ ํˆฌํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:53
well, I'm only half-joking when I say they built my car.
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์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์ œ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๋†๋‹ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:56
We have this non-zero-sum relationship,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:58
and I think that does lead to a kind of a tolerance to the extent that you realize
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์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ๋‚ด ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ์ •๋น„๋ก€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
09:04
that someone else's welfare is positively correlated with yours --
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:08
you're more likely to cut them a break.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ํฌ์ฃ 
09:10
I kind of think this is a kind of a business-class morality.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋„๋•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:15
Unfortunately, I don't fly trans-Atlantic business class often enough
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์„ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋‚˜
09:19
to know, or any other kind of business class really,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ์ž์ฃผ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:22
but I assume that in business class, you don't hear many expressions of, you know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ธ์ข… ํ˜น์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:26
bigotry about racial groups or ethnic groups,
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ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:29
because the people who are flying trans-Atlantic business class
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์„ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:32
are doing business with all these people; they're making money
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
09:34
off all these people. And I really do think that, in that sense at least,
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:38
capitalism has been a constructive force,
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:41
and more fundamentally, it's a non-zero-sumness
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋„๋• ์˜์‹์„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ
09:43
that has been a constructive force in expanding people's realm
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๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ํž˜์€ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:47
of moral awareness. I think the non-zero-sum dynamic,
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:52
which is not only economic by any means -- it's not always commerce --
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์Œ, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”
09:56
but it has driven us to the verge of a moral truth,
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๊ทธ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„๋•์  ์ง„์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ฆ‰,
10:01
which is the fundamental equality of everyone. It has done that.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:04
As it has moved global, moved us toward a global level of social organization,
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
10:09
it has driven us toward moral truth.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์  ์ง„์‹ค์—๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
10:11
I think that's wonderful.
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๋ฉ‹์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:14
Now, back to the unfolding apocalypse.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ€์ฐธ์‚ฌ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ 
10:17
And you may wonder, OK, that's all fine,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ตฐ
10:19
sounds great -- moral direction in history --
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๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ตฐ-- ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋„๋•์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ
10:21
but what about this so-called clash of civilizations? Well, first of all,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ๊ฐ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ์€ ์–ด์ฉ”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:30
I would emphasize that it fits into the non-zero-sum framework,
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๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ํ‹€์— ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:33
OK. If you look at the relationship
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์†Œ์œ„ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
10:35
between the so-called Muslim world and Western world --
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
10:38
two terms I don't like, but can't really avoid;
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๋‘ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ง˜์— ์•ˆ ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„ค์š”
10:41
in such a short span of time, they're efficient if nothing else --
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:45
it is non-zero-sum. And by that I mean,
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๋‘˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
10:48
if people in the Muslim world get more hateful, more resentful,
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ฒ˜์ง€์— ๋” ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ
10:52
less happy with their place in the world,
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๋œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”
10:53
it'll be bad for the West. If they get more happy, it'll be good for the West.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ์„œ๊ตฌ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋„ ๋” ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:57
So that is a non-zero-sum dynamic.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:02
And I would say the non-zero-sum dynamic is only going to grow more intense over time
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋™ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ• ํ…๋ฐ
11:06
because of technological trends, but more intense in a kind of negative way.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:11
It's the downside correlation of their fortunes that will become more and more possible.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์šด๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์งˆ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:17
And one reason is because of something I call the "growing lethality of hatred."
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์ œ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ์˜ค์˜ ์น˜๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ์ฃ 
11:22
More and more, it's possible for grassroots hatred abroad
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์ ์  ๋”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ฆ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋•…์—์„œ
11:26
to manifest itself in the form of organized violence on American soil.
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์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:31
And that's pretty new, and I think it's probably going to get a lot worse
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๊ฝค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:34
-- this capacity -- because of
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์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๋‚˜
11:37
trends in information technology, in technologies that can be used
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๊ตฐ์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:41
for purposes of munitions like biotechnology and nanotechnology.
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๋‚˜๋…ธ, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:47
We may be hearing more about that today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:49
And there's something I worry about especially, which is that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:52
this dynamic will lead to a kind of a feedback cycle that puts us on a slippery slope.
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์ด ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์— ๋†“๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๊ฐ€๋‘˜๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:58
What I have in mind is: terrorism happens here; we overreact to it.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ณผ์ž‰๋Œ€์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:01
That, you know, we're not sufficiently surgical in our retaliation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๋ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”
12:05
leads to more hatred abroad, more terrorism.
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์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฆ์˜ค์™€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:07
We overreact because being human, we feel like retaliating,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:11
and it gets worse and worse and worse.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋”๋”์šฑ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:13
You could call this the positive feedback of negative vibes,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์šด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:17
but I think in something so spooky,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ํ˜น์€ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„
12:19
we really shouldn't have the word positive there at all, even in a technical sense.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:22
So let's call it the death spiral of negativity.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…์‹œ๋‹ค
12:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:27
I assure you if it happens, at the end, both the West
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ํ™•์‹  ํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„œ๊ตฌ์™€
12:29
and the Muslim world will have suffered.
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:32
So, what do we do? Well, first of all, we can do a lot more with arms control,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋จผ์ € ๊ตฐ๋น„ ํ†ต์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋” ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ฃ 
12:38
the international regulation of dangerous technologies.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:40
I have a whole global governance sermon
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ž”์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:42
that I will spare you right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:44
because I don't think that's going to be enough anyway, although it's essential.
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ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
12:47
I think we're going to have to have a major round
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋•์  ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•
12:49
of moral progress in the world.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:51
I think you're just going to have to see less hatred among groups,
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์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:56
less bigotry, and, you know, racial groups, religious groups, whatever.
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๋„ ์ค„์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ข… ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“ ์š”
13:02
I've got to admit I feel silly saying that.
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๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™๋‹ค ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:04
It sounds so kind of Pollyannaish. I feel like Rodney King, you know,
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์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋กœ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ํ‚น(LAํ‘์ธํญ๋™์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹จ) ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
13:07
saying, why can't we all just get along?
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๊ทธ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด?'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
13:09
But hey, I don't really see any alternative, given the way I read the situation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”
13:15
There's going to have to be moral progress.
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๋„๋•์  ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค
13:18
There's going to have to be a lessening of the amount of hatred in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
13:22
given how dangerous it's becoming.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ฆ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ค„์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:26
In my defense, I'd say, as naive as this may sound,
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์ œ ๋ณ€๋ก ์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
13:29
it's ultimately grounded in cynicism.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:32
That is to say --
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด --
13:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:34
-- thank you, thank you. That is to say, remember: my whole view
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” ๋„๋•์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ €์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์€
13:39
of morality is that it boils down to self-interest.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:42
It's when people's fortunes are correlated.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์šด๋ช…์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋  ๋•Œ,
13:44
It's when your welfare conduces to mine, that I decide, oh yeah,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ด๋Œ ๋•Œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜
13:47
I'm all in favor of your welfare. That's what's responsible
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜,๋ผ๊ณ ์š”
13:51
for this growth of this moral progress so far,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„๋•์  ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:54
and I'm saying we once again have a correlation of fortunes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์— ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
13:57
and if people respond to it intelligently, we will see
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์ง€์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:01
the development of tolerance and so on --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์šฉ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:04
the norms that we need, you know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:07
We will see the further evolution of this kind of business-class morality.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋„๋•์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ง„ํ™”ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:11
So, these two things, you know, if they get people's attention
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:17
and drive home the positive correlation and people do what's in their self-interests,
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ธ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:20
which is further the moral evolution,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„๋•์  ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
14:24
then they could actually have a constructive effect.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:27
And that's why I lump growing lethality of hatred
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฆ์˜ค์˜ ์น˜๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ
14:30
and death spiral of negativity under the general rubric,
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๋ถ€์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด๋ฅผ '์พŒํ™œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋Š”
14:33
reasons to be cheerful.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ œ๋ชฉ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋‘” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:37
Doing the best I can, OK.
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:40
I never called myself Mr. Uplift.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ '์พŒํ™œ'ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์  ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:42
I'm just doing what I can here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:46
Now, launching a moral revolution has got to be hard, right?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„๋•์  ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
14:49
I mean, what do you do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:51
And I think the answer is a lot of different people
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹ต์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:53
are going to have to do a lot of different things.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:56
We all start where we are. Speaking as an American
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๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:01
who has children whose security 10, 20, 30 years down the road
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์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ 10-30๋…„ ํ›„ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”
15:05
I worry about -- what I personally want to start out doing
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:08
is figuring out why so many people around the world hate us, OK.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ์˜คํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:12
I think that's a worthy research project myself.
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๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:16
I also like it because it's an intrinsically kind of morally redeeming exercise.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋•์  ๋ณด์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:21
Because to understand why somebody
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™” ์†์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค์ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
15:23
in a very different culture does something --
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:25
somebody you're kind of viewing as alien,
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
15:27
who's doing things you consider strange
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
15:29
in a culture you consider strange -- to really understand why they do
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
15:33
the things they do is a morally redeeming accomplishment,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„๋•์  ๋ณด์ƒ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ด์ฃ 
15:37
because you've got to relate their experience to yours.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:39
To really understand it, you've got to say, "Oh, I get it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:43
So when they feel resentful, it's kind of like
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"์•„, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
15:45
the way I feel resentful when this happens,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ์— ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ฐœ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์ง€
15:47
and for somewhat the same reasons." That's true understanding.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€" ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:51
And I think that is an expansion of your moral compass when you manage to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋„๋•์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:57
It's especially hard to do when people hate you, OK,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ฆ์˜คํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ 
16:00
because you don't really, in a sense, want
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€
16:03
to completely understand why people hate you.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ฆ์˜คํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
16:05
I mean, you want to hear the reason, but you don't want to be able to relate to it.
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์ง€์š”
16:07
You don't want it to make sense, right? (Laughter)
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  ๋งž์ง€์š”?
16:09
You don't want to say, "Well, yeah, I can kind of understand
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค "์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜,
16:11
how a human being in those circumstances
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
16:13
would hate the country I live in." That's not a pleasant thing,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ์˜คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„" ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
16:16
but I think it's something that we're going to have to get used to and
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:22
work on. Now, I want to stress that to understand, you know --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:33
there are people who don't like this whole business of understanding
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ ํ”ˆ ๊ฑด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์ดํ•ด ์ž‘์—…, ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์ด์œ ์™€
16:36
the grassroots, the root causes of things; they don't want to know
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ์˜คํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:40
why people hate us. I want to understand it.
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์ €๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:43
The reason you're trying to understand why they hate us,
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆด ์ฆ์˜คํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
16:45
is to get them to quit hating us. The idea
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ฆ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:48
when you go through this moral exercise of really coming to appreciate
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๋•์  ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด
16:52
their humanity and better understand them, is part of an effort
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๋•์  ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:57
to get them to appreciate your humanity in the long run.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹  ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:59
I think it's the first step toward that. That's the long-term goal.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๊ณ ์š”
17:03
There are people who worry about this, and in fact,
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:08
I, myself, apparently, was denounced on national TV
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ‹ฐ๋น„ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์—์„œ ๋น„๋‚œ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:13
a couple of nights ago because of an op-ed I'd written.
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๋‘์–ด ๋‚  ์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋…ผํ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:17
It was kind of along these lines, and the allegation was
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
17:19
that I have, quote, "affection for terrorists."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 'ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์• ์ •'์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜์˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:23
Now, the good news is that the person who said it was Ann Coulter.
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์ž ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•ค ์ฟจํ„ฐ(๋ฏธ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋…ผ๊ฐ)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:30
I mean, if you've got to have an enemy, do make it Ann Coulter.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ค ์ฟจํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
17:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:33
But it's not a crazy concern, OK, because understanding behavior
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€ ๋ง์ด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
17:37
can lead to a kind of empathy,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:39
and it can make it a little harder to deliver tough love, and so on.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—„ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ 
17:42
But I think we're a lot closer to erring on the side of not comprehending
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:49
the situation clearly enough, than in comprehending it so clearly
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์„œ
17:53
that we just can't, you know, get the army out to kill terrorists.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
17:56
So I'm not really worried about it. So --
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:01
-- I mean, we're going to have to work on a lot of fronts,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:06
but if we succeed -- if we succeed -- then once again,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ
18:13
non-zero-sumness and the recognition of non-zero-sum dynamics
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๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
18:17
will have forced us to a higher moral level.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋„๋•์  ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋†“์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:21
And a kind of saving higher moral level,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋„๋•์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
18:26
something that kind of literally saves the world.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:28
If you look at the word "salvation" in the Bible --
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์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
18:31
the Christian usage that we're familiar with --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ด€์šฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”
18:34
saving souls, that people go to heaven -- that's actually a latecomer.
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์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒœ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ --๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃ 
18:37
The original meaning of the word "salvation" in the Bible is about saving the social system.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:43
"Yahweh is our Savior" means "He has saved the nation of Israel,"
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"์•ผํ›ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ œ์ž"๋ž€ "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:46
which at the time, was a pretty high-level social organization.
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฝค ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:49
Now, social organization has reached the global level, and I guess,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:53
if there's good news I can say I'm bringing you, it's just that
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ป˜ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
18:57
all the salvation of the world requires is the intelligent pursuit
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๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์ œ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
19:03
of self-interests in a disciplined and careful way.
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๋‹จ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ง€์  ์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:09
It's going to be hard. I say we give it a shot anyway
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์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:12
because we've just come too far to screw it up now.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ง์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์™€๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
19:15
Thanks.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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