Norman Foster: Building on the green agenda

86,798 views ใƒป 2008-03-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunmi Sohn ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:16
As an architect you design for the present,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋””์ž์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
with an awareness of the past,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์•„์  ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
00:26
for a future which is essentially unknown.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
00:33
The green agenda is probably the most important agenda
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์ œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
and issue of the day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
And I'd like to share some experience
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
over the last 40 years -- we celebrate our fortieth anniversary this year --
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์ง€๋‚œ 40 ๋…„๊ฐ„ -- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด๋กœ 40์ฃผ๋…„์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.--
00:49
and to explore and to touch on some observations
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
about the nature of sustainability.
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
How far you can anticipate, what follows from it,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์˜ฌ ์ง€,
01:02
what are the threats, what are the possibilities,
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์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
01:04
the challenges, the opportunities?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ „๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:07
I think that -- I've said in the past, many, many years ago,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” -- ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์—๋„ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
01:11
before anybody even invented the concept of a green agenda,
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์•„์  ๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
01:17
that it wasn't about fashion -- it was about survival.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
But what I never said, and what I'm really going to make the point is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ป ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜, ์ €์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€,
01:28
that really, green is cool.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ, '๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
I mean, all the projects which have, in some way, been inspired
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์•„์  ๋‹ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์€
01:36
by that agenda are about a celebratory lifestyle,
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์˜ˆ์ฐฌํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:41
in a way celebrating the places and the spaces
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์–ด๋–ค๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š”
01:46
which determine the quality of life.
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์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ถ•๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:49
I rarely actually quote anything,
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์ „ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ์šฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:53
so I'm going to try and find a piece of paper if I can,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
[in] which somebody, at the end of last year, ventured the thought
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์ž‘๋…„๋ง์ฏค ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋จผ์ด
02:03
about what for that individual, as a kind of important observer,
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2006๋…„๋„ ์ฏค ํ—ค๋ž„๋“œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ทด์ง€์—
02:08
analyst, writer -- a guy called Thomas Friedman,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜
02:12
who wrote in the Herald Tribune, about 2006.
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๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
He said,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
02:21
"I think the most important thing to happen in 2006
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2006๋…„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์€
02:24
was that living and thinking green hit Main Street.
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
We reached a tipping point this year
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ •์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:32
where living, acting, designing, investing and manufacturing green
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ™œ, ํ–‰๋™, ๋””์ž์ธ, ํˆฌ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ
02:37
came to be understood by a critical mass
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
of citizens, entrepreneurs and officials
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์‹œ๋ฏผ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋“ฑ
02:42
as the most patriotic, capitalistic, geo-political
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์• ๊ตญ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์ ์ธ
02:45
and competitive thing they could do.
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์œ„์น˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž๋‹คํˆฌ์–ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Hence my motto: green is the new red, white and blue."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชจํ† ๋Š” : ๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉฐ ํฐ์ƒ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
And I asked myself, in a way, looking back,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋’ค ๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
"When did that kind of awareness of the planet and its fragility first appear?"
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"๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ธ์ œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์„๊นŒ?"
03:08
And I think it was July 20, 1969,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” 1969๋…„ 7์›” 20์ผ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
when, for the first time, man could look back at planet Earth.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ž€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:18
And, in a way, it was Buckminster Fuller who coined that phrase.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ๊ฑด ๋ฒ…๋ฏผ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ’€๋Ÿฌ์˜€์ง€์š”.
03:24
And before the kind of collapse of the communist system,
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „,
03:30
I was privileged to meet a lot of cosmonauts
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๋งŽ์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด ๋‚ด๊ฒ ํ–‰์šด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
in Space City and other places in Russia.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ,
03:35
And interestingly, as I think back,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋’ค๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
03:38
they were the first true environmentalists.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ก ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
They were filled with a kind of pioneering passion,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
fired about the problems of the Aral Sea.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š”
03:50
And at that period it was --
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์•„๋ž„ ํ•ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
03:53
in a way, a number of things were happening.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Buckminster Fuller was the kind of green guru --
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๋ฒ…๋ฏผ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ’€๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
again, a word that had not been coined.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์“ฐ์ž๋ฉด,
04:02
He was a design scientist, if you like, a poet,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:06
but he foresaw all the things that are happening now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
It's another subject. It's another conversation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ผ์ œ์ด๊ณ  ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
You can go back to his writings: it's quite extraordinary.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ€๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ธ€์€ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
It was at that time, with an awareness
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
04:23
fired by Bucky's prophecies, his concerns
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๋ฒ…ํ‚ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์–ธ์— ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:28
as a citizen, as a kind of citizen of the planet,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜, ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
04:33
that influenced my thinking and what we were doing at that time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And it's a number of projects.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
I select this one because it was 1973, and it was a master plan
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1973๋…„๋„์˜ ์นด๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ์˜
04:46
for one of the Canary Islands.
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žœ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And this probably coincided with the time
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ”Œ๋ž˜๋‹› ์–ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
04:52
when you had the planet Earth's sourcebook,
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ํžˆํ”ผ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๋•Œ
04:55
and you had the hippie movement.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งž์•„ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And there are some of those qualities in this drawing,
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๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด
05:01
which seeks to sum up the recommendations.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And all the components are there which are now
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
in common parlance, in our vocabulary,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™์€
05:10
you know, 30-odd years later:
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30๋…„์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
05:13
wind energy, recycling, biomass, solar cells.
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ํ’๋ ฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ, ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›, ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ  --
05:18
And in parallel at that time, there was
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
05:22
a very kind of exclusive design club.
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๋‹ค๋ฆ„์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ ํด๋Ÿฝ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
People who were really design conscious
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์‹ค๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์ง€๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:30
were inspired by the work of Dieter Rams,
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๋””ํ„ฐ ๋žจ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
and the objects that he would create
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ 
05:36
for the company called Braun.
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์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:38
This is going back the mid-'50s, '60s.
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50 60๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
And despite Bucky's prophecies
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๋ฒ…ํ‚ค์˜ '๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
05:44
that everything would be miniaturized
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๊ณต์—… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
05:47
and technology would make an incredible style --
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-ํŽธ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ-
05:50
access to comfort, to amenities --
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์˜ˆ์–ธ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:54
it was very, very difficult to imagine
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ผ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
that everything that we see in this image,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด,
05:59
would be very, very stylishly packaged.
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์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋ฆฌ์‰ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ์žฅ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
And that, and more besides, would be in the palm of your hand.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And I think that that digital revolution
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜๋ช…์ด
06:09
now is coming to the point
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
where, as the virtual world, which brings so many people together here,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
06:18
finally connects with the physical world,
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๋“œ๋””์–ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด,
06:20
there is the reality that that has become humanized,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ
06:26
so that digital world has all the friendliness,
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๋””์ง€ํƒˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ๊ณผ
06:30
all the immediacy, the orientation of the analog world.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์ ‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:34
Probably summed up in a way
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
by the stylish or alternative available here,
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์„ธ๋ จ๋จ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:40
as we generously had gifted at lunchtime,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š๊ธ‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
the [unclear], which is a further kind of development --
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๋งฅ์‹ , ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
06:48
and again, inspired by the incredible sort of sensual feel.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€
06:52
A very, very beautiful object.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So, something which in [the] '50s, '60s was very exclusive
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50, 60๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
06:59
has now become, interestingly, quite inclusive.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์—๋Š”, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And the reference to the iPod as iconic,
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์•„์ด์ฝ˜์ด ๋˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์•„์ดํŒŸ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด
07:06
and in a way evocative of performance, delivery --
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๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
quite interesting that [in] the beginning of the year 2007,
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2007๋…„ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์ฆˆ์Œํ•ด์„œ
07:14
the Financial Times commented that the Detroit companies
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ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์…œ ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
07:18
envy the halo effect that Toyota has gained
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ํ† ์š”ํƒ€์˜ ํ›„๊ด‘ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
from the Prius as the hybrid, energy-conscious vehicle,
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ํ† ์š”๋‹ค์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
which rivals the iPod as an iconic product.
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์•„์ดํŒŸ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
And I think it's very tempting to, in a way, seduce ourselves --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ํ˜นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
as architects, or anybody involved with the design process --
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ํ˜น์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๋””์ž์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
07:36
that the answer to our problems lies with buildings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Buildings are important, but
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
07:42
they're only a component of a much bigger picture.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค์ง ํฐ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
In other words, as I might seek to demonstrate,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:47
if you could achieve the impossible,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜๊ตฌ ์šด๋™๊ฐ™์ด
07:49
the equivalent of perpetual motion,
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:52
you could design a carbon-free house, for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์ง‘์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:56
That would be the answer.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ต์ด ๋ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
07:57
Unfortunately, it's not the answer.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
It's only the beginning of the problem.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค์ง ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
You cannot separate the buildings out
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์™€ ์ด๋™์„ฑ
08:03
from the infrastructure of cites
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์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:05
and the mobility of transit.
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
For example, if, in that Bucky-inspired phrase, we draw back
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์ผ ๋ก€๋กœ, Bucky์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘์—, ๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:13
and we look at planet Earth,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:15
and we take a kind of typical, industrialized society,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ 44%, ๊ตํ†ต 34%, ์‚ฐ์—… 22%์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ
08:18
then the energy consumed would be split
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ
08:21
between the buildings, 44 percent, transport, 34 percent, and industry.
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ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
But again, that only shows part of the picture.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค์ง ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
If you looked at the buildings together with the associated transport,
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๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:34
in other words, the transport of people, which is 26 percent,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ง๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด 26%,
08:39
then 70 percent of the energy consumption
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  70%๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
is influenced by the way that our cites and infrastructure work together.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต์กด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
So the problems of sustainability
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
08:51
cannot be separated from the nature of the cities,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:54
of which the buildings are a part.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
For example, if you take, and you make a comparison
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”,
09:01
between a recent kind of city,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
what I'll call, simplistically, a North American city --
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ๋„์‹œ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€
09:08
and Detroit is not a bad example, it is very car dependent.
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๋‚˜์œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:13
The city goes out in annular rings,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:16
consuming more and more green space,
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๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…น์ง€๋Œ€์™€
09:18
and more and more roads, and more and more energy
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„๋กœ์™€
09:22
in the transport of people between the city center --
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
which again, the city center, as it becomes deprived
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ํ™œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—†์—๊ณ 
09:29
of the living and just becomes commercial, again becomes dead.
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์ƒ์—…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
If you compared Detroit with a city of a Northern European example --
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:40
and Munich is not a bad example of that,
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๋ฎŒํ—จ์€ ์ข‹์€์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ผ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:44
with the greater dependence on walking and cycling --
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๋„๋ณด์™€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ง์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
then a city which is really only twice as dense,
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๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๋‘๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:55
is only using one-tenth of the energy.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” 10๋ถ„์— 1์ˆ˜์ค€๋ฐ–์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
In other words, you take these comparable examples
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ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ๋•Œ
10:01
and the energy leap is enormous.
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
So basically, if you wanted to generalize, you can demonstrate
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
10:11
that as the density increases along the bottom there,
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๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
10:16
that the energy consumed reduces dramatically.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Of course you can't separate this out from issues like
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ
10:23
social diversity, mass transit,
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๋„๋ณด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
10:26
the ability to be able to walk a convenient distance,
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
the quality of civic spaces.
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๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์งˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:32
But again, you can see Detroit, in yellow at the top,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ‘œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:37
extraordinary consumption, down below Copenhagen.
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์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ ์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
10:40
And Copenhagen, although it's a dense city,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๋„์‹œ์ž„์—๋„
10:42
is not dense compared with the really dense cities.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜ผ์žกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
In the year 2000, a rather interesting thing happened.
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2000๋…„๋„์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
You had for the first time mega-cities, [of] 5 million or more,
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5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋“ค์ด
10:56
which were occurring in the developing world.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:00
And now, out of typically 46 cities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ 46๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋„์‹œ๋“ค ์ค‘์—
11:03
33 of those mega-cities are in the developing world.
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33๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
So you have to ask yourself -- the environmental impact of,
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์ด์œ ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์˜
11:12
for example, China or India.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž๋ฌธํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
If you take China, and you just take Beijing,
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:19
you can see on that traffic system,
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๊ตํ†ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ
11:22
and the pollution associated with the consumption of energy
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
as the cars expand at the price of the bicycles.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
In other words, if you put onto the roads, as is currently happening,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋„๋กœ์— ๋งค์ผ 1000๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐจ๊ฐ€
11:40
1,000 new cars every day --
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๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:44
statistically, it's the biggest booming auto market in the world --
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
and the half a billion bicycles serving one and a third billion people are reducing.
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5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋Œ€ ์˜€๋˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ 3์ฒœ๋งŒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ค„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And that urbanization is extraordinary, accelerated pace.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
So, if we think of the transition in our society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:12
of the movement from the land to the cities, which took 200 years,
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๋•…์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 200๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:17
then that same process is happening in 20 years.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด 20๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
In other words, it is accelerating by a factor of 10.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด 10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:27
And quite interestingly, over something like a 60-year period,
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๊ฝค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, 60๋…„ ์ข€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
12:35
we're seeing the doubling in life expectancy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด 2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
over that period where the urbanization has trebled.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์‹œํ™”๋Š” 3๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:44
If I pull back from that global picture,
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์ „์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์„œ
12:47
and I look at the implication over a similar period of time
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ•จ์ถ•์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:51
in terms of the technology -- which, as a tool,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ - ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜
12:55
is a tool for designers,
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
and I cite our own experience as a company,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•ด์„œ
13:01
and I just illustrate that by a small selection of projects --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
then how do you measure that change of technology?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:11
How does it affect the design of buildings?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:14
And particularly, how can it lead
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
13:17
to the creation of buildings which consume less energy,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ๊ฑด์ถ•์—๊ฒŒ
13:21
create less pollution and are more socially responsible?
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์˜ค์—ผ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:26
That story, in terms of buildings, started in the late '60s, early '70s.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”, ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด 60๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
The one example I take is a corporate headquarters
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“  ์˜ˆ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” Willis์™€ Faber๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ๋˜
13:35
for a company called Willis and Faber,
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๋ณธ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
13:38
in a small market town in the northeast of England,
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์˜๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํƒ€์šด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:45
commuting distance with London.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
And here, the first thing you can see
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณด์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:50
is that this building, the roof is a very warm kind of
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ
13:55
overcoat blanket, a kind of insulating garden,
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๋‹ด์š”๊ฐ™์€, ์„ฌ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ •์› ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
which is also about the celebration of public space.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฌ๋ฏธ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:02
In other words, for this community, they have this garden in the sky.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ •์›์„ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:06
So the humanistic ideal is very, very strong in all this work,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:11
encapsulated perhaps by one of my early sketches here,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋“ค์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ผํ…๋ฐ์š”,
14:16
where you can see greenery, you can see sunlight,
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๋…น์ง€๋Œ€์™€ ์ผ๊ด‘ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
you have a connection with nature.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:21
And nature is part of the generator, the driver for this building.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์›, ์กฐ์ข…์›์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
And symbolically, the colors of the interior are green and yellow.
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์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์ƒ‰์กฐ๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ž‘์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
It has facilities like swimming pools, it has flextime,
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์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ ์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ™์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ž์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
it has a social heart, a space, you have contact with nature.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
Now this was 1973.
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1973๋…„๋„์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
In 2001, this building received an award.
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2001๋…„์— ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
And the award was about a celebration for a building
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
14:49
which had been in use over a long period of time.
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๊ธฐ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
And the people who'd created it came back:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:56
the project managers, the company chairmen then.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
15:00
And they were saying, you know,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
15:01
"The architects, Norman was always going on about
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๋…ธ๋จผ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
15:04
designing for the future, and you know,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
15:06
it didn't seem to cost us any more.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
15:08
So we humored him, we kept him happy."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:12
The image at the top,
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๋งจ ์œ„์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด์š”,
15:14
what it doesn't -- if you look at it in detail,
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:16
really what it is saying is you can wire this building.
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
This building was wired for change.
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
So, in 1975, the image there is of typewriters.
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1975๋…„, ์†๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
And when the photograph was taken, it's word processors.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ดฌ์˜ ๋  ๋‹น์‹œ ์›Œ๋“œํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
And what they were saying on this occasion was that our competitors
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์ด๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
had to build new buildings for the new technology.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
We were fortunate,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
because in a way our building was future-proofed.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:45
It anticipated change, even though those changes were not known.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
Round about that design period leading up to this building,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
15:55
I did a sketch, which we pulled out of the archive recently.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊บผ๋‚ธ ์ œ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
16:00
And I was saying, and I wrote, "But we don't have the time,
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์ €์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์— "์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค,
16:04
and we really don't have the immediate expertise
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ• ๋•Œ
16:07
at a technical level."
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์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค."
16:08
In other words, we didn't have the technology
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ ๋งŒํ•œ
16:10
to do what would be really interesting on that building.
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๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
And that would be to create a kind of three-dimensional bubble --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์ข…์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฒ„๋ธ”์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š” -
16:18
a really interesting overcoat that would naturally ventilate,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
would breathe and would seriously reduce the energy loads.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค„์ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
Notwithstanding the fact that the building, as a green building,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ์„œ๋„
16:31
is very much a pioneering building.
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๋งค์šฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
And if I fast-forward in time, what is interesting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
16:36
is that the technology is now available and celebratory.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ด์ œ ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋•์ด ๋ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
16:41
The library of the Free University, which opened last year,
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์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ ์ž์œ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
16:47
is an example of that.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
And again, the transition from one of the many thousands
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๋ช‡์ฒœ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜์™€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
16:53
of sketches and computer images to the reality.
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ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
And a combination of devices here,
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๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
16:59
the kind of heavy mass concrete of these book stacks,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์„œ๊ฐ€์™€
17:03
and the way in which that is enclosed by this skin,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
17:09
which enables the building to be ventilated,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ’์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
17:13
to consume dramatically less energy,
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๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
and where it's really working with the forces of nature.
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์‹ค๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
And what is interesting is that this is hugely popular
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
17:25
by the people who use it.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
17:27
Again, coming back to that thing about the lifestyle,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
17:30
and in a way, the ecological agenda is very much at one with the spirit.
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์ƒํƒœ์ ์ธ ์•„์  ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
So it's not a kind of sacrifice, quite the reverse.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
17:42
I think it's a great -- it's a celebration.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ•๋ณตํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
And you can measure the performance,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
17:49
in terms of energy consumption, of that building
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์ธก์ •ํ•ด๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
against a typical library.
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
If I show another aspect of that technology
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
17:58
then, in a completely different context --
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ  -
18:02
this apartment building in the Alps in Switzerland.
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์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์•Œํ”„์Šค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
Prefabricated from the most traditional of materials,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
but that material -- because of the technology, the computing ability,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ,ํŠนํžˆ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„
18:15
the ability to prefabricate, make high-performance components
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก
18:19
out of timber -- very much at the cutting edge.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
And just to give a sort of glimpse of that technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‹จํŽธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
18:26
the ability to plot points in the sky
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ํ—ˆ๊ณต์— ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
18:34
and to transmit, to transfer that information
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
now, directly into the factory.
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๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
18:46
So if you cross the border -- just across the border --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
18:49
a small factory in Germany, and here you can see the guy with his computer screen,
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๋…์ผ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์˜, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
18:55
and those points in space are communicated.
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์ด ๋„๋ฉด ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
And on the left are the cutting machines,
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์šฐ์ธก์˜ ์ ˆ์‚ญ๊ธฐ์— ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
which then, in the factory,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ
19:04
enable those individual pieces to be fabricated
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
and plus or minus very, very few millimeters,
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ช‡ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ
19:11
to be slotted together on site.
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ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
And then interestingly, that building to then be clad
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ง€๋ถ•์—๋Š” ๋„๊ธˆ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
in the oldest technology, which is the kind of hand-cut shingles.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ณต ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
One quarter of a million of them applied by hand as the final finish.
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4๋ถ„์˜ 1์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฐ€๊ณต์„ ์ˆ˜๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
And again, the way in which that works as a building,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€
19:37
for those of us who can enjoy the spaces,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
19:41
to live and visit there.
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์ฆ๊ธธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
If I made the leap into these new technologies,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ์—๋Š”,
19:48
then how did we -- what happened before that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ์ „์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
19:51
I mean, you know, what was life like before the mobile phone,
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์ œ๋ง์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—
19:57
the things that you take for granted?
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ „์ œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ?
20:00
Well, obviously the building still happened.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๊ณ„์† ์กด์žฌํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:02
I mean, this is a glimpse of the interior of our Hong Kong bank of 1979,
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1979๋…„ ํ™์ฝฉ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด์š”,
20:10
which opened in 1985, with the ability to be able to reflect sunlight
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1985๋…„ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
20:15
deep into the heart of this space here.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํžˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
And in the absence of computers, you have to physically model.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”, ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
So for example, we would put models under an artificial sky.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ธ๊ณต ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
For wind tunnels, we would literally put them
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ํ„ฐ๋„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:31
in a wind tunnel and blast air,
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ํ’์†์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:34
and the many kilometers of cable and so on.
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๋ช‡ํ‚ค๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
And the turning point was probably, in our terms,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
20:42
when we had the first computer.
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ์„๋•Œ ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:46
And that was at the time that we sought
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๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณตํ•ญ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ
20:50
to redesign, reinvent the airport.
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๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:54
This is Terminal Four at Heathrow, typical of any terminal --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ณตํ•ญ ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
big, heavy roof, blocking out the sunlight,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
21:01
lots of machinery, big pipes, whirring machinery.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค, ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์™€ ์ „๋™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:06
And Stansted, the green alternative,
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์Šคํ…์Šคํ…Œ๋“œ ๊ณตํ•ญ์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ณตํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:11
which uses natural light, is a friendly place:
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์ž์—ฐ๊ด‘์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ-
21:13
you know where you are, you can relate to the outside.
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋“  ๋ฐ”๊นฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:17
And for a large part of its cycle, not needing electric light --
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์ˆœํ™˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด, ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-
21:21
electric light, which in turn creates more heat,
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์ „๋“ฑ์€ ์—ด์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
21:24
which creates more cooling loads and so on.
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์ด ์—ด์€ ๋”๋งŽ์€ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
And at that particular point in time,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ
21:29
this was one of the few solitary computers.
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๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
And that's a little image of the tree of Stansted.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ž‘์€์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์Šคํ…์Šคํ…Œ๋“œ ๊ณตํ•ญ์˜ ์ง€์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:39
Not going back very far in time, 1990,
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๋‹ค์‹œ 1990๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์š”,
21:42
that's our office.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
And if you looked very closely, you'd see
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
21:48
that people were drawing with pencils,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐํ•„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
and they were pushing, you know, big rulers and triangles.
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ํฐ ์ž์™€ ์‚ผ๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
It's not that long ago, 17 years, and here we are now.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 17๋…„ ์ „์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
I mean, major transformation.
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์ œ๋ง์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:01
Going back in time, there was a lady called Valerie Larkin,
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1987๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด Valeir Larkin์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
22:05
and in 1987, she had all our information on one disk.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋””์Šคํฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
Now, every week, we have the equivalent of 84 million disks,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์Œ ๋งค์ฃผ 8์ฒœ4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋””์Šคํฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
22:21
which record our archival information
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์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์†Œ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:24
on past, current and future projects.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์„์š”.
22:27
That reaches 21 kilometers into the sky.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 21km๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:31
This is the view you would get, if you looked down on that.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ดค์„๋•Œ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
But meanwhile, as you know,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
22:36
wonderful protagonists like Al Gore
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์—˜ ๊ณ ์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด
22:40
are noting the inexorable rise in temperature,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
22:46
set in the context of that,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
interestingly, those buildings which are celebratory
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
22:51
and very, very relevant to this place.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ ˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
22:55
Our Reichstag project,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ Reichstagํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:58
which has a very familiar agenda, I'm sure,
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
23:02
as a public place where we sought to, in a way,
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๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๋ฉด์—์„œ
23:08
through a process of advocacy,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:11
reinterpret the relationship between society and politicians,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฌํ•ด์„ ํ•ด์„œ,
23:16
public space. And maybe its hidden agenda, an energy manifesto --
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์˜์ œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ์š”-
23:21
something that would be free, completely free
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์“ธ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”
23:24
of fuel as we know it.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋กœ์š”.
23:27
So it would be totally renewable.
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์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
23:29
And again, the humanistic sketch, the translation into the public space,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์  ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:34
but this very, very much a part of the ecology.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
But here, not having to model it for real.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
Obviously the wind tunnel had a place,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํ„ฐ๋„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:44
but the ability now with the computer
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์„
23:46
to explore, to plan, to see how that would work
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ 
23:50
in terms of the forces of nature:
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์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:52
natural ventilation, to be able to model the chamber below,
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์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:56
and to look at biomass.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ง€์š”.
23:59
A combination of biomass, aquifers, burning vegetable oil --
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค์™€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต, ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ
24:06
a process that, quite interestingly, was developed
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:10
in Eastern Germany, at the time of its
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๋™ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ
24:14
dependence on the Soviet Bloc.
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์†Œ๋น„์—ํŠธ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:16
So really, retranslating that technology and developing something
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์žฌํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
24:20
which was so clean, it was virtually pollution-free.
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์‹ค๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
You can measure it again.
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ํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:25
You can compare how that building, in terms of its emission
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1๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„
24:29
in tons of carbon dioxide per year --
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๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
at the time that we took that project, over 7,000 tons --
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ”„๋กœ์ ์„ ๋งก์„ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 7000ํ†ค์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:35
what it would have been with natural gas
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์ž์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
24:36
and finally, with the vegetable oil, 450 tons.
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ 450ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:39
I mean, a 94 percent reduction -- virtually clean.
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94%๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:42
We can see the same processes at work
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„
24:44
in terms of the Commerce Bank --
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Commerce Bank ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:46
its dependence on natural ventilation,
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์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
24:48
the way that you can model those gardens,
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์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์ •์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
24:50
the way they spiral around.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
But again, very much about the lifestyle, the quality --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์งˆ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ-
24:56
something that would be more enjoyable as a place to work.
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๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ธธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
And again, we can measure the reduction
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„
25:02
in terms of energy consumption.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:06
There is an evolution here between the projects,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
and Swiss Re again develops that a little bit further --
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Swiss Re๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:13
the project in the city in London.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์‹œํ‹ฐ(๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ€)์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
25:15
And this sequence shows the buildup of that model.
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์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:19
But what it shows first, which I think is quite interesting,
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๋งจ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
25:22
is that here you see the circle, you see the public space around it.
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์›ํ˜• ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:27
What are the other ways of putting
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์ด ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
25:29
the same amount of space on the site?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
25:32
If, for example, you seek to do a building
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋„๋กœ๋ณ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—
25:36
which goes right to the edge of the pavement,
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์„ธ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
25:41
it's the same amount of space.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:44
And finally, you profile this, you cut grooves into it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
25:49
The grooves become the kind of green lungs
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์ด ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:52
which give views, which give light, ventilation,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ง๊ณผ ํ–‡๋น›, ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
25:56
make the building fresher.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์พŒ์ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:58
And you enclose that with something that also
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์™ธ๊ด€์„
26:01
is central to its appearance,
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
26:04
which is a mesh of triangulated structures --
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์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:08
again, in a long connection evocative of
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ผ์ธ์€ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด Buckmister Fuller
26:11
some of those works of Buckminster Fuller,
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์˜ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:14
and the way in which triangulation can increase performance
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์‚ผ๊ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
26:18
and also give that building its sense of identity.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:23
And here, if we look at a detail of the way
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์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
26:26
that the building opens up and breathes into those atria,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์˜ ํ™€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ˆœํ™˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:29
the way in which now, with a computer, we can model the forces,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ
26:34
we can see the high pressure, the low pressure,
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ์••, ์ €๊ธฐ์••์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋“ค์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:37
the way in which the building behaves rather like an aircraft wing.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
26:41
So it also has the ability, all the time,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
26:44
regardless of the direction of the wind,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
26:46
to be able to make the building fresh and efficient.
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์พŒ์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
And unlike conventional buildings,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
26:54
the top of the building is celebratory.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์นญ์ฐฌํ• ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:56
It's a viewing place for people, not machinery.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ง๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:59
And the base of the building is again about public space.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋„ ์ฆ๊ธธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:03
Comparing it with a typical building,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
27:05
what happens if we seek to use such design strategies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ „๋žต๋“ค์ด
27:10
in terms of really large-scale thinking?
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:14
And I'm just going to give two images
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2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
out of a kind of company research project.
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๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์˜ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
27:22
It's been well known that the Dead Sea is dying.
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์‚ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
27:28
The level is dropping, rather like the Aral Sea.
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์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž„ํ•ด ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
27:32
And the Dead Sea is obviously much lower
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์‚ฌํ•ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์–•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:36
than the oceans and seas around it.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
27:40
So there has been a project which rescues the Dead Sea
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์‚ฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:44
by creating a pipeline, a pipe,
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ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์š”. ์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋Š”,
27:48
sometimes above the surface, sometimes buried,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œ„๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ฌปํžˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
27:51
that will redress that, and will feed from the Gulf of Aqaba
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์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„์ฝฐ๋ฐ” ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ
27:57
into the Dead Sea.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:59
And our translation of that,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ด์„์€
28:00
using a lot of the thinking built up over the 40 years, is to say,
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40๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
28:05
what if that, instead of being just a pipe,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
28:08
what if it is a lifeline?
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์ƒ๋ช…์ค„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
28:10
What if it is the equivalent, depending on where you are,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์šดํ•˜์˜
28:14
of the Grand Canal,
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
28:16
in terms of tourists, habitation, desalination, agriculture?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€๊ด‘, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”, ๋†์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ค„์ด ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
28:21
In other words, water is the lifeblood.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ง ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:23
And if you just go back to the previous image,
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์ด์ „ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด
28:26
and you look at this area of volatility and hostility,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:30
that a unifying design idea as a humanitarian gesture
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์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์€
28:36
could have the affect of bringing all those warring factions together
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์—ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:40
in a united cause, in terms of something that would be
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๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ
28:44
genuinely green and productive in the widest sense.
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ํ†ตํ•ฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:50
Infrastructure at that large scale is also
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
28:52
inseparable from communication.
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:57
And whether that communication is the virtual world
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
29:00
or it is the physical world,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
29:01
then it's absolutely central to society.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:04
And how do we make more legible in this growing world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€,
29:09
especially in some of the places that I'm talking about --
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ณณ ์ค‘์—์„œ
29:13
China, for example, which in the next ten years
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
29:15
will create 400 new airports.
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400๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณตํ•ญ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:19
Now what form do they take?
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
29:21
How do you make them more friendly at that scale?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณตํ•ญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊นŒ์š”?
29:24
Hong Kong I refer to as a kind of analog experience in a digital age,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ์„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์•„๋‚˜๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
29:31
because you always have a point of reference.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:33
So what happens when we take that and you expand that further
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ข€๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
29:39
into the Chinese society?
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์–ด๋–ค์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
29:43
And what is interesting is that that produces in a way
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๋ฉด์—์„œ
29:47
perhaps the ultimate mega-building.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:49
It is physically the largest project on the planet at the moment.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:53
250 -- excuse me, 50,000 people working 24 hours, seven days.
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5๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 24์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:59
Larger by 17 percent than every terminal put together
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ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ณตํ•ญ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ 5๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
30:03
at Heathrow -- built -- plus the new, un-built Terminal Five.
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๊ธฐ์กด ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค 17%๋‚˜ ๋” ํฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
And the challenge here is a building that will be green,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋„์ „์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
30:12
that is compact despite its size
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—๋„ ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:15
and is about the human experience of travel,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€
30:20
is about friendly, is coming back to that starting point,
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์นœ๊ทผํ•จ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .์‹œ์ž‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž๋ฉด
30:25
is very, very much about the lifestyle.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
30:27
And perhaps these, in the end, as celebratory spaces.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:33
As Hubert was talking over lunch,
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Hubert์™€ ์‹์‚ฌ์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
30:35
as we sort of engaged in conversation,
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๋„์‹œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ
30:37
talked about this, talked about cities.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:39
Hubert was saying, absolutely correctly, "These are the new cathedrals."
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Hubert๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ " ์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ฑ๋‹น์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:44
And in a way, one aspect of this conversation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค์ ์—์„œ , ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
30:48
was triggered on New Year's Eve,
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์ƒˆํ•ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:52
when I was talking about the Olympic agenda in China
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์•„์  ๋‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• ๋•Œ,
31:00
in terms of its green ambitions and aspirations.
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์˜๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
31:05
And I was voicing the thought that --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
31:07
it just crossed my mind that New Year's Eve,
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์‹ ๋…„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
31:09
a sort of symbolic turning point as we move from 2006 to 2007 --
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2006๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ํ„ฐ๋‹ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:15
that maybe, you know, the future was
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์•„๋งˆ๋„, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š”
31:17
the most powerful, innovative sort of nation.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ณณ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:21
The way in which somebody like Kennedy inspirationally could say,
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์ผ€๋„ค๋””์˜ ๋ช…์–ธ์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
31:24
"We put a man on the moon."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
31:25
You know, who is going to say
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์€
31:27
that we cracked this thing of the dependence on fossil fuels,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์˜ ์˜์กด์€
31:32
with all that being held to ransom by rogue regimes, and so on.
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ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:36
And that's a concerted platform.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:38
It's more than one device, you know, it's renewable.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:41
And I voiced the thought that maybe at the turn of the year,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:45
I thought that the inspiration was more likely
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์€
31:47
to come from those other, larger countries out there --
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™€์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:49
the Chinas, the Indias, the Asian-Pacific tigers.
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ๋“ฑ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
31:53
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
31:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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