Marcus Byrne: The dance of the dung beetle

82,901 views ใƒป 2012-12-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Chaeeun Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:15
This is poo,
1
15984
2248
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
and what I want to do today is share my passion
2
18232
2483
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์—ด์ •์„
00:20
for poo with you,
3
20715
3143
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
which might be quite difficult,
4
23858
2813
๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
00:26
but I think what you might find more fascinating
5
26671
3093
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:29
is the way these small animals deal with poo.
6
29764
3201
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
So this animal here has got a brain
7
32965
2352
์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์Œ€ ๋‚Ÿ์•Œ๋งŒํ•œ
00:35
about the size of a grain of rice, and yet it can do things
8
35317
3960
๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
00:39
that you and I couldn't possibly entertain the idea of doing.
9
39277
3750
์‰ฝ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
And basically it's all evolved to handle its food source,
10
43027
4122
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ž์›์ธ
00:47
which is dung.
11
47149
2134
๋˜ฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผœ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
So the question is, where do we start this story?
12
49283
2579
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And it seems appropriate to start at the end,
13
51862
3025
๋’ค์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
00:54
because this is a waste product that comes out
14
54887
2785
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
00:57
of other animals, but it still contains nutrients
15
57672
3573
๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:01
and there are sufficient nutrients in there
16
61245
1957
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ์˜
01:03
for dung beetles basically to make a living,
17
63202
2963
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
and so dung beetles eat dung, and their larvae
18
66165
2935
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ
01:09
are also dung-feeders.
19
69100
2155
๋˜ฅ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
They are grown completely in a ball of dung.
20
71255
3230
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณต ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋˜ฅ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Within South Africa, we've got about 800 species of dung beetles,
21
74485
3795
๋‚จ์•„๊ณต์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต 800์ข…์˜ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:18
in Africa we've got 2,000 species of dung beetles,
22
78280
3270
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” 2,000์ข…์˜ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:21
and in the world we have about 6,000 species of dung beetles.
23
81550
4598
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 6,000์ข… ์ •๋„์˜ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
So, according to dung beetles, dung is pretty good.
24
86148
5138
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜ฅ์€ ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Unless you're prepared to get dung under your fingernails
25
91286
2672
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์†ํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ฅ์„ ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
01:33
and root through the dung itself, you'll never see
26
93958
2769
๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ, ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์˜
01:36
90 percent of the dung beetle species,
27
96727
2291
90 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
because they go directly into the dung,
28
99018
2406
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜ฅ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์–ด,
01:41
straight down below it, and then they shuttle back and forth
29
101424
2612
๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
01:44
between the dung at the soil surface
30
104036
2055
์ง€๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋˜ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™•๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
01:46
and a nest they make underground.
31
106091
2940
์ง€ํ•˜์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
So the question is, how do they deal with this material?
32
109031
5245
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And most dung beetles actually wrap it into a package of some sort.
33
114276
3980
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜ฅ์„ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณด๋”ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Ten percent of the species actually make a ball,
34
118256
3680
๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ 10 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:01
and this ball they roll away from the dung source,
35
121936
4162
์ด ๊ณต์„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ตด๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
usually bury it at a remote place away from the dung source,
36
126098
3436
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋จผ ๊ณณ์— ์ž˜ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:09
and they have a very particular behavior
37
129534
3305
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์„ ๊ตด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:12
by which they are able to roll their balls.
38
132839
4975
๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
So this is a very proud owner of a beautiful dung ball.
39
137814
3593
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณต ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋˜ฅ์„ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
You can see it's a male
40
141407
1235
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
because he's got a little hair on the back of his legs there,
41
142642
2241
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋’ท์ชฝ์— ํ„ธ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:24
and he's clearly very pleased about what he's sitting on there.
42
144883
5069
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And then he's about to become a victim
43
149952
1912
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง ํฌ์•…ํ•œ ํƒˆ์ทจ๋ฒ”์—๊ฒŒ
02:31
of a vicious smash-and-grab. (Laughter)
44
151864
5249
๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๋Š” ํฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:37
And this is a clear indication
45
157113
2698
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:39
that this is a valuable resource.
46
159811
2611
๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
And so valuable resources have to be looked after
47
162422
4125
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž์›๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:46
and guarded in a particular way, and we think
48
166547
3319
ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:49
the reason they roll the balls away is because of this,
49
169866
3302
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ฅ์„ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
because of the competition that is involved
50
173168
2410
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
02:55
in getting hold of that dung.
51
175578
1875
๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:57
So this dung pat was actually -- well, it was a dung pat
52
177453
3197
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋˜ฅ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ์Œ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ธฐ
03:00
15 minutes before this photograph was taken,
53
180650
2446
15๋ถ„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
and we think it's the intense competition
54
183096
3049
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์—
03:06
that makes the beetles so well-adapted
55
186145
3880
๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
03:10
to rolling balls of dung.
56
190025
2689
์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
So what you've got to imagine here is this animal here
57
192714
2033
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
03:14
moving across the African veld.
58
194747
3603
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ดˆ์›์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Its head is down. It's walking backwards.
59
198350
3348
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:21
It's the most bizarre way to actually transport your food in any particular direction,
60
201698
5371
์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ดด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
and at the same time it's got to deal with the heat.
61
207069
2866
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์—ด๊ณผ๋„ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
This is Africa. It's hot.
62
209935
1988
์ด๊ณณ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฅ์ฃ .
03:31
So what I want to share with you now
63
211923
1707
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:33
are some of the experiments that myself and my colleagues
64
213630
3175
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:36
have used to investigate how dung beetles
65
216805
4841
์ €์™€ ์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ์˜จ
03:41
deal with these problems.
66
221646
2052
๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
So watch this beetle,
67
223698
2537
์ž, ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:46
and there's two things that I would like you to be aware of.
68
226235
4144
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
The first is how it deals with this obstacle
69
230379
2562
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์— ๋†“์€
03:52
that we've put in its way. See, look, it does a little dance,
70
232941
2888
์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์ฃ .
03:55
and then it carries on in exactly the same direction
71
235829
2934
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
03:58
that it took in the first place.
72
238763
3690
๊ณ„์† ์˜ฎ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
A little dance, and then heads off in a particular direction.
73
242453
3766
์ถค์„ ์ข€ ์ถ”๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
04:06
So clearly this animal knows where it's going
74
246219
3377
์ž, ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€
04:09
and it knows where it wants to go,
75
249596
1339
์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
and that's a very, very important thing,
76
250935
1885
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
04:12
because if you think about it, you're at the dung pile,
77
252820
2415
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋˜ฅ ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ 
04:15
you've got this great big pie that you want to get away from everybody else,
78
255235
4523
์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ด ๊ณต์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:19
and the quickest way to do it is in a straight line.
79
259758
2893
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
So we gave them some more tasks to deal with,
80
262651
4379
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
and what we did here is we turned the world
81
267030
4160
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
04:31
under their feet. And watch its response.
82
271190
3679
๋Œ๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:40
So this animal has actually had the whole world
83
280547
2796
์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€
04:43
turned under its feet. It's turned by 90 degrees.
84
283343
2847
๋Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 90๋„ ํšŒ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:46
But it doesn't flinch. It knows exactly where it wants to go,
85
286190
2472
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›€์ฐ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ 
04:48
and it heads off in that particular direction.
86
288662
2968
๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
So our next question then was,
87
291630
2192
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
how are they doing this?
88
293822
1960
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
04:55
What are they doing? And there was a cue that was available to us.
89
295782
3449
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
It was that every now and then they'd climb on top of the ball
90
299231
3127
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณต ์œ„๋กœ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:02
and they'd take a look at the world around them.
91
302358
2632
์ด๋“ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And what do you think they could be looking at
92
304990
1720
๊ณต์— ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ€์„œ
05:06
as they climb on top of the ball?
93
306710
1676
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
05:08
What are the obvious cues that this animal could use
94
308386
3555
์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”
05:11
to direct its movement? And the most obvious one
95
311941
4178
๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š”
05:16
is to look at the sky, and so we thought,
96
316119
4219
ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:20
now what could they be looking at in the sky?
97
320338
2264
ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ? ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
And the obvious thing to look at is the sun.
98
322602
4109
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So a classic experiment here,
99
326711
2954
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:29
in that what we did was we moved the sun.
100
329665
3539
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
What we're going to do now is shade the sun with a board
101
333204
2741
์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:35
and then move the sun with a mirror
102
335945
1970
๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
05:37
to a completely different position.
103
337915
1866
์›€์ง์—ฌ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And look at what the beetle does.
104
339781
1912
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:41
It does a little double dance,
105
341693
2831
์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถค์‚ฌ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฒˆ ์ถ”๊ณ ,
05:44
and then it heads back in exactly the same direction
106
344524
2279
์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์™”๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
05:46
it went in the first place.
107
346803
2409
๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
What happens now? So clearly they're looking at the sun.
108
349212
3727
์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž, ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
The sun is a very important cue in the sky for them.
109
352939
3262
๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–‘์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ์ด์ฃ .
05:56
The thing is the sun is not always available to you,
110
356201
2625
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
because at sunset it disappears below the horizon.
111
358826
4416
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ชฐ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ง€ํ‰์„  ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:03
What is happening in the sky here
112
363242
2584
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
06:05
is that there's a great big pattern of polarized light in the sky
113
365826
3659
๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ๋น›์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
that you and I can't see. It's the way our eyes are built.
114
369485
3751
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์š”.
06:13
But the sun is at the horizon over here
115
373236
3703
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒœ์–‘์€ ์ด ์ชฝ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
and we know that when the sun is at the horizon,
116
376939
2967
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
06:19
say it's over on this side,
117
379906
1544
์ด ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:21
there is a north-south, a huge pathway across the sky
118
381450
4585
๋‚จ๋ถ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ํŽธ๊ด‘ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
06:26
of polarized light that we can't see
119
386035
2473
์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
06:28
that the beetles can see.
120
388508
2798
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:31
So how do we test that? Well, that's easy.
121
391306
2859
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
What we do is we get a great big polarization filter,
122
394165
2942
์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
06:37
pop the beetle underneath it, and the filter is at right angles
123
397107
4424
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ‘์— ํœ™ ์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ํŽธ๊ด‘๋œ ๋น›์˜ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ
06:41
to the polarization pattern of the sky.
124
401531
2650
์ง๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
06:44
The beetle comes out from underneath the filter
125
404181
4170
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ ,
06:48
and it does a right-hand turn,
126
408351
2503
์šฐํšŒ์ „์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
because it comes back under the sky
127
410854
2194
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ
06:53
that it was originally orientated to
128
413048
2819
๋Œ์•„์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:55
and then reorientates itself back
129
415867
2345
์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜
06:58
to the direction it was originally going in.
130
418212
3922
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So obviously beetles can see polarized light.
131
422134
5817
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ๋น›์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
Okay, so what we've got so far is,
132
427951
2757
์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:10
what are beetles doing? They're rolling balls.
133
430708
2776
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ณต์„ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
07:13
How are they doing it? Well, they're rolling them in a straight line.
134
433484
3015
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ? ์Œ, ์ง์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
07:16
How are they maintaining it in a particular straight line?
135
436499
3578
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:20
Well, they're looking at celestial cues in the sky,
136
440077
2695
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒœ์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
some of which you and I can't see.
137
442772
2244
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:25
But how do they pick up those celestial cues?
138
445016
1684
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒœ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์„œ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:26
That was what was of interest to us next.
139
446700
3044
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And it was this particular little behavior, the dance,
140
449744
3188
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถค์ด์ฃ .
07:32
that we thought was important, because look,
141
452932
2919
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถค์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:35
it takes a pause every now and then,
142
455851
1556
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
07:37
and then heads off in the direction that it wants to go in.
143
457407
4479
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So what are they doing when they do this dance?
144
461886
4237
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ถค์„ ์ถœ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:46
How far can we push them before they will reorientate themselves?
145
466123
4342
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:50
And in this experiment here, what we did was we forced them
146
470465
3496
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ
07:53
into a channel, and you can see he wasn't
147
473961
2662
์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:56
particularly forced into this particular channel,
148
476623
2738
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”ฑํžˆ ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
07:59
and we gradually displaced the beetle by 180 degrees
149
479361
5298
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 180๋„ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
until this individual ends up going in exactly the opposite direction
150
484659
3736
์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:08
that it wanted to go in, in the first place.
151
488395
2565
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:10
And let's see what his reaction is
152
490960
2801
์ž ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:13
as he's headed through 90 degrees here,
153
493761
2610
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋…€์„์€ 90๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ํšŒ์ „๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:16
and now he's going to -- when he ends up down here,
154
496371
2104
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ -- ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
08:18
he's going to be 180 degrees in the wrong direction.
155
498475
3047
180๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
And see what his response is.
156
501522
2298
์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:23
He does a little dance, he turns around,
157
503820
3193
์ถค์„ ์ข€ ์ถ”๊ณ , ๋Œ์•„์„œ,
08:27
and heads back in this. He knows exactly where he's going.
158
507013
3734
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ด ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
08:30
He knows exactly what the problem is,
159
510747
2279
์ด ๋…€์„์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ,
08:33
and he knows exactly how to deal with it,
160
513026
1595
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:34
and the dance is this transition behavior
161
514621
2701
์ด ์ถค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์›๋ž˜ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ๋Š”
08:37
that allows them to reorientate themselves.
162
517322
2809
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ดํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So that's the dance, but after spending many years
163
520131
4792
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ถค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ
08:44
sitting in the African bush watching dung beetles on nice hot days,
164
524923
3656
๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋‚  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ˆ˜ํ’€์— ์•‰์•„ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
08:48
we noticed that there was another behavior
165
528579
2351
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
associated with the dance behavior.
166
530930
2489
์ถค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:53
Every now and then, when they climb on top of the ball,
167
533419
3938
๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
08:57
they wipe their face.
168
537357
3406
์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋‹ฆ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
And you see him do it again.
169
540763
2963
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
09:03
Now we thought, now what could be going on here?
170
543726
2981
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
09:06
Clearly the ground is very hot, and when the ground is hot,
171
546707
2904
ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋•…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋œจ๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•…์ด ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šฐ๋ฉด
09:09
they dance more often, and when they do this particular dance,
172
549611
2735
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ , ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ถค์„ ์ถœ ๋•Œ
09:12
they wipe the bottom of their face.
173
552346
1970
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ฐ‘๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ฆ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
And we thought that it could be a thermoregulatory behavior.
174
554316
2699
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒด์˜จ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
We thought that maybe what they're doing is trying to
175
557015
2010
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด
09:19
get off the hot soil and also spitting onto their face
176
559025
3441
๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ผ๊ตด์— ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰์–ด
09:22
to cool their head down.
177
562466
2416
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ํžˆ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
So what we did was design a couple of arenas.
178
564882
4442
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
one was hot, one was cold.
179
569324
2099
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ , ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์› ์ฃ .
09:31
We shaded this one. We left that one hot.
180
571423
2377
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
And then what we did was we filmed them with a thermal camera.
181
573800
3467
๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
So what you're looking at here is a heat image
182
577267
4416
์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜
09:41
of the system, and what you can see here emerging
183
581683
3921
์—ด ์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๋ฐ. ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋˜ฅ์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:45
from the poo is a cool dung ball.
184
585604
3609
์‹œ์›ํ•œ ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:49
So the truth is, if you look at the temperature over here,
185
589213
3279
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ณณ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
09:52
dung is cool. (Laughter)
186
592492
4980
๋˜ฅ์€ ์‹œ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:57
So all we're interested in here is comparing the temperature
187
597472
3218
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฑด ์˜ค์ง ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋•…์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
10:00
of the beetle against the background.
188
600690
2640
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So the background here is around about 50 degrees centigrade.
189
603330
3944
์ด์ชฝ์˜ ๋•…์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ ์„ญ์”จ 50โ„ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
The beetle itself and the ball are probably around about
190
607274
2608
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ณต์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
10:09
30 to 35 degrees centigrade,
191
609882
2071
์•ฝ ์„ญ์”จ 30โ„ƒ์—์„œ 35โ„ƒ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
10:11
so this is a great big ball of ice cream
192
611953
2666
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ณต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
that this beetle is now transporting across the hot veld.
193
614619
3127
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šด ์ดˆ์›์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:17
It isn't climbing. It isn't dancing, because
194
617746
2703
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„, ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
10:20
its body temperature is actually relatively low.
195
620449
2841
์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒด์˜จ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
It's about the same as yours and mine.
196
623290
3073
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ € ์ •๋„ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And what's of interest here is that little brain is quite cool.
197
626363
4964
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ˆ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ์‹œ์›ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
But if we contrast now what happens in a hot environment,
198
631327
4307
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋”์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:35
look at the temperature of the soil.
199
635634
2150
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:37
It's up around 55 to 60 degrees centigrade.
200
637784
3450
์•ฝ 55โ„ƒ์—์„œ 60โ„ƒ์‚ฌ์ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Watch how often the beetle dances.
201
641234
3442
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:44
And look at its front legs. They're roaringly hot.
202
644676
4542
์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•ž๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋œจ๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
So the ball leaves a little thermal shadow,
203
649218
2923
์ด ๊ณต์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ด์„ ํ”ผํ•  ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
10:52
and the beetle climbs on top of the ball
204
652141
1934
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์— ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ€์„œ
10:54
and wipes its face, and all the time it's trying to cool itself down,
205
654075
4639
์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋‹ฆ๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์‹œ์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:58
we think, and avoid the hot sand that it's walking across.
206
658714
5670
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ† ์–‘์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:04
And what we did then was put little boots on these legs,
207
664384
3932
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
because this was a way to test if the legs
208
668316
2962
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
11:11
were involved in sensing the temperature of the soil.
209
671278
3758
๋•…์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:15
And if you look over here, with boots they climb onto the ball
210
675036
3977
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
11:19
far less often when they had no boots on.
211
679013
4191
๊ณต์— ๋œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
So we described these as cool boots.
212
683204
2327
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
It was a dental compound that we used to make these boots.
213
685531
2922
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์น˜๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And we also cooled down the dung ball, so we were able
214
688453
2887
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ์‹ํ˜€ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:31
to put the ball in the fridge, gave them a nice cool dung ball,
215
691340
3649
์ด ๊ณต์„ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ๊ณต์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
and they climbed onto that ball far less often
216
694989
2551
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ณต์ด ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šธ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:37
than when they had a hot ball.
217
697540
1536
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ณต์— ๋œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
So this is called stilting. It's a thermal behavior
218
699076
2974
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '์Šคํ‹ธํŒ…(stilting)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
11:42
that you and I do if we cross the beach,
219
702050
1908
ํ•ด๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€, ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
we jump onto a towel, somebody has this towel --
220
703958
2718
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”,
11:46
"Sorry, I've jumped onto your towel." --
221
706676
1223
"์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ชฝ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐŸ์•„๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋„ค์š”."--
11:47
and then you scuttle across onto somebody else's towel,
222
707899
2564
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
and that way you don't burn your feet.
223
710463
2205
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ด ๋œจ๊ฒ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:52
And that's exactly what the beetles are doing here.
224
712668
2801
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
However, there's one more story I'd like to share with you,
225
715469
3215
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
and that's this particular species.
226
718684
1572
์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:00
It's from a genus called Pachysoma.
227
720256
2793
"ํŒŒํ‚ค์†Œ๋งˆ(Pachysoma)"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
There are 13 species in the genus, and they have
228
723049
3032
์ด ์†์—๋Š” 13๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
12:06
a particular behavior that I think you will find interesting.
229
726081
6138
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋งŒํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
This is a dung beetle. Watch what he's doing.
230
732219
4660
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:16
Can you spot the difference?
231
736879
2690
์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:19
They don't normally go this slowly. It's in slow motion.
232
739569
3232
์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
but it's walking forwards,
233
742801
1794
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋…€์„์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
and it's actually taking a pellet of dry dung with it.
234
744595
3561
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
This is a different species in the same genus
235
748156
2454
์ด ๋…€์„์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์ด์ง€๋งŒ
12:30
but exactly the same foraging behavior.
236
750610
3872
๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
There's one more interesting aspect of this
237
754482
2791
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
dung beetle's behavior that we found quite fascinating,
238
757273
4303
์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ๋ฐ,
12:41
and that's that it forages and provisions a nest.
239
761576
4506
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
So watch this individual here, and what he's trying to do
240
766082
2691
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋…€์„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
12:48
is set up a nest.
241
768773
2720
๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
And he doesn't like this first position,
242
771493
1709
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋…€์„์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ง‘ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
12:53
but he comes up with a second position,
243
773202
1623
๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
and about 50 minutes later, that nest is finished,
244
774825
3857
์•ฝ 50๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•˜์ž, ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
and he heads off to forage and provision
245
778682
3727
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ
13:02
at a pile of dry dung pellets.
246
782409
2354
๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
And what I want you to notice is the outward path
247
784763
3166
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ธธ๊ณผ
13:07
compared to the homeward path, and compare the two.
248
787929
4609
๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:12
And by and large, you'll see that the homeward path
249
792538
2660
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด
13:15
is far more direct than the outward path.
250
795198
2831
์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ธธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
On the outward path, he's always on the lookout
251
798029
2815
์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์—์„œ, ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
13:20
for a new blob of dung.
252
800844
2465
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋˜ฅ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
On the way home, he knows where home is,
253
803309
1551
๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์ด ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ,
13:24
and he wants to go straight to it.
254
804860
3218
๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
The important thing here is that this is not a one-way trip,
255
808078
3575
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฌ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
as in most dung beetles. The trip here is repeated
256
811653
3390
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์€
13:35
back and forth between a provisioning site and a nest site.
257
815043
4305
์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์™•๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
And watch, you're going to see
258
819348
942
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
13:40
another South African crime taking place right now. (Laughter)
259
820290
4010
๋‚จ์•„๊ณต์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
13:44
And his neighbor steals one of his dung pellets.
260
824300
4614
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์›ƒ์ด ๋˜ฅ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ›”์น˜์ฃ .
13:48
So what we're looking at here
261
828914
3137
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:52
is a behavior called path integration.
262
832051
3328
'๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ(path integration)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
And what's taking place is that the beetle
263
835379
2617
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:57
has got a home spot, it goes out on a convoluted path
264
837996
4303
์ง‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ตด๊ณก์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
looking for food, and then when it finds food,
265
842299
3091
๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด
14:05
it heads straight home. It knows exactly where its home is.
266
845390
4308
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…€์„์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์ด ์–ด๋”˜์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
Now there's two ways it could be doing that,
267
849698
3025
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
14:12
and we can test that by displacing the beetle
268
852723
2960
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด ๋…€์„์ด ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
14:15
to a new position when it's at the foraging site.
269
855683
2697
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
If it's using landmarks, it will find its home.
270
858380
3294
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ˜• ํ‘œ์‹๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
If it is using something called path integration,
271
861674
3415
'๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ(path integration)'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:25
it will not find its home. It will arrive at the wrong spot,
272
865089
3784
์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:28
and what it's doing here if it's using path integration
273
868873
2424
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ฒ•(path integration)'์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:31
is it's counting its steps or measuring the distance out in this direction.
274
871297
3871
์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑธ์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
It knows the bearing home, and it knows it should be in that direction.
275
875168
3697
์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ € ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
If you displace it, it ends up in the wrong place.
276
878865
3128
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
So let's see what happens when we put this beetle
277
881993
2577
์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
14:44
to the test with a similar experiment.
278
884570
3316
๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:47
So here's our cunning experimenter.
279
887886
4386
์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตํ™œํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
He displaces the beetle,
280
892272
2401
์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋†“๊ณ ์š”,
14:54
and now we have to see what is going to take place.
281
894673
4849
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:59
What we've got is a burrow. That's where the forage was.
282
899522
3094
๊ตด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:02
The forage has been displaced to a new position.
283
902616
2947
๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋˜ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
If he's using landmark orientation,
284
905563
2359
๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ง€ํ˜• ํ‘œ์‹๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:07
he should be able to find the burrow,
285
907922
1760
์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตด์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:09
because he'll be able to recognize the landmarks around it.
286
909682
2723
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ง€ํ˜• ํ‘œ์‹์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:12
If he's using path integration,
287
912405
3043
๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ด๋…€์„์ด '๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ฒ• (path integration)'์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:15
then it should end up in the wrong spot over here.
288
915448
3724
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ชฝ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ง€์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:19
So let's watch what happens
289
919172
2310
์ž ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€
15:21
when we put the beetle through the whole test.
290
921482
3291
์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:24
So there he is there.
291
924773
1996
์ž ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์ด ๋…€์„์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
15:26
He's about to head home, and look what happens.
292
926769
6260
๋ง‰ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:33
Shame.
293
933029
2493
์•ˆ ๋๋„ค์š”.
15:35
It hasn't a clue.
294
935522
2234
๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
It starts to search for its house in the right distance
295
937756
2920
์ด ๋…€์„์€ ๋จน์ด์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
away from the food, but it is clearly completely lost.
296
940676
5975
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
So we know now that this animal uses path integration
297
946651
4218
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:50
to find its way around, and the callous experimenter
298
950869
4079
'๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ(path integration)'์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๋‹ดํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž๋Š”
15:54
leads it top left and leaves it. (Laughter)
299
954948
3121
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:58
So what we're looking at here are a group of animals
300
958069
4055
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์—์„œ
16:02
that use a compass, and they use the sun as a compass
301
962124
2079
์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
16:04
to find their way around,
302
964203
1640
ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
and they have some sort of system
303
965843
2525
๋˜ํ•œ ์ € ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
16:08
for measuring that distance,
304
968368
1963
์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:10
and we know that these species here actually
305
970331
3337
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
count the steps. That's what they use as an odometer,
306
973668
2681
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณ„,
16:16
a step-counting system, to find their way back home.
307
976349
5137
๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์„ธ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
16:21
We don't know yet what dung beetles use.
308
981486
2823
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
So what have we learned from these animals
309
984309
2279
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข์Œ€๋งŒํ•œ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
16:26
with a brain that's the size of a grain of rice?
310
986588
3001
์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:29
Well, we know that they can roll balls in a straight line
311
989589
4111
์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฒœ์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์„œ ์‚ผ์•„
16:33
using celestial cues.
312
993700
2145
๊ณต์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
We know that the dance behavior is an orientation behavior
313
995845
3128
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ถค์ถ”๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ฉด์„œ
16:38
and it's also a thermoregulation behavior,
314
998973
2414
์ฒด์˜จ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ ,
16:41
and we also know that they use a path integration system
315
1001387
4198
๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์ด '๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ (path integration)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
16:45
for finding their way home.
316
1005585
2089
์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
So for a small animal dealing with a fairly revolting substance
317
1007674
4170
์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
16:51
we can actually learn an awful lot from these things
318
1011844
2769
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
doing behaviors that you and I couldn't possibly do.
319
1014613
3632
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:58
Thank you. (Applause)
320
1018245
4000
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7