Why helmets don't prevent concussions -- and what might | David Camarillo

291,826 views ใƒป 2016-09-29

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
The word concussion evokes a fear these days more so than it ever has,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
and I know this personally.
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์ „ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:19
I played 10 years of football,
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์ €๋Š” 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:22
was struck in the head thousands of times.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
And I have to tell you, though, what was much worse than that
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
00:28
was a pair of bike accidents I had where I suffered concussions,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
and I'm still dealing with the effects of the most recent one
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ
00:36
today as I stand in front of you.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์— ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
There is a fear around concussion
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ณตํฌ์—๋Š”
00:42
that does have some evidence behind it.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
There is information that a repeated history of concussion
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์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋ฉด
00:48
can lead to early dementia, such as Alzheimer's,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋งค๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:52
and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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๋งŒ์„ฑ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
That was the subject of the Will Smith movie "Concussion."
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์œŒ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ ์˜ํ™” '์ปจ์ปค์…˜'์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:58
And so everybody is caught up in football and what they see in the military,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:02
but you may not know
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:03
that bike riding is the leading cause of concussion for kids,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
sports-related concussion, that is.
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:11
And so another thing that I should tell you
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๊ผญ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:13
that you may not know
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:14
is that the helmets that are worn in bicycling and football
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:17
and many activities,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์‹œ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์ด
01:19
they're not designed or tested
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
01:22
for how well they can protect your children against concussion.
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์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
They're in fact designed and tested
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:27
for their ability to protect against skull fracture.
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์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:31
And so I get this question all the time from parents,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
and they ask me,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:39
"Would you let your own child play football?"
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"๋‹น์‹  ์•„์ด๋„ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?"
01:41
Or, "Should I let my child play soccer?"
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ํ˜น์€ "์ œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?"
01:44
And I think that as a field,
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”
01:47
we're a long way from giving an answer with any kind of confidence there.
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๊ทธ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
So I look at that question from a bit of a different lens,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
and I want to know, how can we prevent concussion?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Is that even possible?
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:02
And most experts think that it's not,
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
but the work that we're doing in my lab
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
02:08
is starting to reveal more of the details around concussion
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋” ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:13
so that we can have a better understanding.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The reason we're able to prevent skull fracture with helmets
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:18
is because it's pretty simple. We know how it works.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:21
Concussion has been much more of a mystery.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
So to give you a sense of what might be happening in a concussion,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
02:29
I want to show you the video here
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
02:31
that you see when you type into Google,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
"What is a concussion?"
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"๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"
02:35
The CDC website comes up,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ณ 
02:36
and this video essentially tells the whole story.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
What you see is the head moves forward,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ 
02:42
the brain lags behind,
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ ธ์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:44
then the brain catches up
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:46
and smashes into the skull.
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
It rebounds off the skull
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์— ๋งž๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:50
and then proceeds to run into the other side of the skull.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And what you'll notice is highlighted in this video from the CDC,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
which I'll note was funded by the NFL,
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๋ง๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ NFL์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
is that the outer surface of the brain,
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๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€
03:04
where it was to have smashed into the skull,
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์— ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด
03:07
looks like it's been damaged or injured, so it's on the outer surface of the brain.
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์†์ƒ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:11
And what I'd like to do with this video
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:13
is to tell you that there are some aspects that are probably right,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งž์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ 
03:17
indicative of what the scientists think happens with concussion,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€๋งŒ
03:20
but there's probably more that's wrong with this video.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So one thing that I do agree with, and I think most experts would,
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์ €์™€ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
03:26
is that the brain does have these dynamics.
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
It does lag behind the skull
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ 
03:30
and then catch up and move back and forth and oscillate.
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์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์ง„๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:33
That we think is true.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
03:35
However, the amount of motion you see in the brain in this video
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์€
03:39
is probably not right at all.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
There's very little room in the cranial vault,
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ด€์—๋Š” ํ‹ˆ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
only a few millimeters,
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๋ช‡ mm ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
and it's filled entirely with cerebral spinal fluid,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ด€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์•ก์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:49
which acts as a protective layer.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:51
And so the brain as a whole probably moves very little inside the skull.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‡Œ ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
The other problem with this video
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
03:58
is that the brain is shown
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ
04:00
as a kind of rigid whole as it moves around,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
and that's not true either.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:05
Your brain is one of the softest substances in your body,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
and you can think of it kind of like jello.
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์ ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋˜์š”.
04:11
So as your head is moving back and forth,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ
04:13
your brain is twisting and turning and contorting,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ํœ˜๊ณ , ๋Œ๊ณ , ๋’คํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
and the tissue is getting stretched.
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์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ง๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:18
And so most experts, I think, would agree
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:21
that concussion is not likely to be something that's happening
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:24
on this outer surface of the brain,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
but rather it's something that's much deeper
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‡Œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
04:28
towards the center of the brain.
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๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:31
Now, the way that we're approaching this problem
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
04:33
to try to understand the mechanisms of concussion
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:36
and to figure out if we can prevent it
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
04:38
is we are using a device like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
It's a mouthguard.
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It has sensors in it that are essentially the same
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์ด ์•ˆ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:45
that are in your cell phone:
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04:47
accelerometers, gyroscopes,
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๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ ์ž์ด๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
and when someone is struck in the head,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์„ ๋•Œ
04:51
it can tell you how their head moved
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€
04:54
at a thousand samples per second.
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์ดˆ๋‹น 1์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
The principle behind the mouthguard is this:
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€๋“œ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
it fits onto your teeth.
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์น˜์•„์— ๊ผญ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Your teeth are one of the hardest substances in your body.
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์น˜์•„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
05:05
So it rigidly couples to your skull
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์— ๋ฒ„๊ธˆ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
and gives you the most precise possible measurement
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€
05:10
of how the skull moves.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
People have tried other approaches, with helmets.
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ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We've looked at other sensors that go on your skin,
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
05:18
and they all simply move around too much,
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๊ทธ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ .
05:20
and so we found that this is the only reliable way
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:23
to take a good measurement.
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๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So now that we've got this device, we can go beyond studying cadavers,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
because you can only learn so much about concussion
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด
05:34
from studying a cadaver,
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:35
and we want to learn and study live humans.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
So where can we find a group of willing volunteers
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ 
05:42
to go out and smash their heads into each other on a regular basis
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์›์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ
05:46
and sustain concussion?
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์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:47
Well, I was one of them,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
and it's your local friendly Stanford football team.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌํŒ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So this is our laboratory,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
and I want to show you
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜
05:57
the first concussion we measured with this device.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
One of the things that I should point out is the device has this gyroscope in it,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์•ˆ์— ์ž์ด๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
and that allows you to measure the rotation of the head.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Most experts think that that's the critical factor
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
that might start to tell us what is happening in concussion.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
06:12
So please watch this video.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:15
Announcer: Cougars bring extra people late, but Luck has time,
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์•„๋‚˜์šด์„œ: ์ฟ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ์œ ๋กœ์šด ๋Ÿญ.
06:18
and Winslow is crushed.
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์œˆ์Šฌ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊น”๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
I hope he's all right.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
(Audience roars)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค ํ•จ์„ฑ)
06:30
Top of your screen,
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ํ™”๋ฉด ์œ„์ชฝ์—
06:32
you'll see him come on just this little post route,
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์‚ด์ง ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
get separation, safety.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Here it comes at you in real speed. You'll hear this.
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์‹ค์ œ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:44
The hit delivered by --
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๋ถ€๋”ช์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
David Camarillo: Sorry, three times is probably a little excessive there.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ด์š”. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
06:51
But you get the idea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:52
So when you look at just the film here,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์ƒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
06:55
pretty much the only thing you can see is he got hit really hard and he was hurt.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
But when we extract the data
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•œ
07:00
out of the mouthguard that he was wearing,
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด
07:02
we can see much more detail, much richer information.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
And one of the things that we noticed here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:08
is that he was struck in the lower left side of his face mask.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
And so that did something first that was a little counterintuitive.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
His head did not move to the right.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ ์›€์ง์˜€์–ด์š”.
07:17
In fact, it rotated first to the left.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์˜€์ฃ .
07:19
Then as the neck began to compress,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ด ์••์ถ•๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
the force of the blow caused it to whip back to the right.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋œ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ด ์šฐ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํŠ•๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
So this left-right motion was sort of a whiplash-type phenomenon,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ์ขŒ์šฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ฑ„์ฐ์งˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
and we think that is probably what led to the brain injury.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
07:35
Now, this device is only limited in such that it can measure the skull motion,
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๋งŒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
but what we really want to know is what's happening inside of the brain.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ •๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
07:42
So we collaborate with Svein Kleiven's group in Sweden.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์Šค๋ฒ ์ธ ํด๋ ˆ์ด๋ฒค ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
They've developed a finite element model of the brain.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And so this is a simulation
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์ด ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์˜์ƒ์€
07:51
using the data from our mouthguard from the injury I just showed you,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€๋“œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
and what you see is the brain --
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์š”.
07:57
this is a cross-section right in the front
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
of the brain twisting and contorting as I mentioned.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํœ˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋’คํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
So you can see this doesn't look a lot like the CDC video.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:05
Now, the colors that you're looking at
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊น”๋“ค์ด
08:07
are how much the brain tissue is being stretched.
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๋‡Œ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And so the red is 50 percent.
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๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰์€ 50%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
That means the brain has been stretched to 50 percent of its original length,
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ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๋‡Œ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์›๋ž˜ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ 50%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
the tissue in that particular area.
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08:18
And the main thing I want to draw your attention to is this red spot.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰ ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So the red spot is very close to the center of the brain,
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๋ถ‰์€ ์ง€์ ์€ ๋‡Œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and relatively speaking,
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
08:26
you don't see a lot of colors like that on the exterior surface
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:31
as the CDC video showed.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:34
Now, to explain a little more detail
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์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:36
about how we think concussion might be happening,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:40
one thing I should mention
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๊ผญ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:41
is that we and others have observed that a concussion is more likely
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
08:44
when you're struck and your head rotates in this direction.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€์„œ ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
This is more common in sports like football,
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๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ฃ .
08:51
but this seems to be more dangerous. So what might be happening there?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
08:54
Well, one thing that you'll notice in the human brain
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
08:57
that is different than other animals
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
is we have these two very large lobes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‡Œ์—ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
We have the right brain and the left brain.
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์šฐ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ขŒ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:04
And the key thing to notice in this figure here
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์ด ํ˜•์ƒ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
09:07
is that right down the center of the right brain and the left brain
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์šฐ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ขŒ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์—
09:10
there's a large fissure that goes deep into the brain.
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๋‘๋‡Œ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํฐ ํ‹ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
And in that fissure, what you can't see in this image,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ‹ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:16
you'll have to trust me,
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์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
there is a fibrous sheet of tissue.
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
It's called the falx,
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๊ฒธ์ƒ๋ง‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:20
and it runs from the front of your head all the way to the back of your head,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ญ‰ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
and it's quite stiff.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•˜์ฃ .
09:25
And so what that allows for is when you're struck
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์„ ๋•Œ
09:28
and your head rotates in this left-right direction,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:31
forces can rapidly transmit right down to the center of your brain.
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๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง„ ํž˜์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Now, what's there at the bottom of this fissure?
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํ‹ˆ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ญ์ฃ ?
09:39
It's the wiring of your brain,
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
and in fact this red bundle here at the bottom of that fissure
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํ‹ˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ด
09:46
is the single largest fiber bundle
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ ๋ฌถ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
that is the wiring that connects the right and left sides of your brain.
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์ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์šฐ์ธก๊ณผ ์ขŒ์ธก์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
It's called the corpus callosum.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
And we think that this might be
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:57
one of the most common mechanisms of concussion,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
and as the forces move down, they strike the corpus callosum,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํž˜์ด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:06
it causes a dissociation between your right and your left brain
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์šฐ์ธก ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ขŒ์ธก ๋‡Œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
and could explain some of the symptoms of concussion.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
This finding is also consistent of what we've seen
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์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‡Œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ๋ณ€๋ณ‘์ฆ์—์„œ
10:15
in this brain disease that I mentioned, chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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๋ดค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
So this is an image of a middle-aged ex-professional football player,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ค‘๋…„์˜ ์ „์ง ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
and the thing that I want to point out is if you look at the corpus callosum,
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์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:29
and I'll page back here so you can see the size of a normal corpus callosum
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์ด์ „ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
10:33
and the size of the person here who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy,
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์ด ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:37
it is greatly atrophied.
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๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
And the same goes for all of the space in the ventricles.
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๋‡Œ์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
10:43
These ventricles are much larger.
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์ด ๋‡Œ์‹ค๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
And so all of this tissue near the center of the brain
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‡Œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๋Š”
10:47
has died off over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
So what we're learning is indeed consistent.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:53
Now, there is some good news here,
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:56
and I hope to give you a sense of hope by the end of this talk.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚  ์ฆˆ์Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋“œ๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
One of the things that we've noticed,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
11:01
specifically about this mechanism of injury,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
11:04
is although there's a rapid transmission of the forces down this fissure,
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๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํ‹ˆ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํž˜์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:08
it still takes a defined amount of time.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
And what we think is that if we can slow the head down just enough
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ž„์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:15
so that the brain does not lag behind the skull
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋’ค์ณ์ €์„œ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:19
but instead it moves in synchrony with the skull,
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
then we might be able to prevent this mechanism of concussion.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
So how can we slow the head down?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:32
A gigantic helmet.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So with more space, you have more time,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
11:38
and this is a bit of a joke, but some of you may have seen this.
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์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:41
This is bubble soccer, and it's a real sport.
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๋ฒ„๋ธ” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด์ฃ .
11:43
In fact, I saw some young adults
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด
11:45
playing this sport down the street from my house the other day,
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ด ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
and as far as I know there have been no reported concussions.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:51
(Laughter)
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11:52
But in all seriousness, this principle does work,
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž๋ฉด ์›์น™์— ๋งž๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:56
but this has gone too far.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:58
This isn't something that's practical for bike riding or playing football.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
And so we are collaborating with a company in Sweden called Hรถvding.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ธŒ๋”ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์Šค์›จ๋ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
Some of you may have seen their work,
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๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:10
and they're using the same principle of air to give you some extra space
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๊ทธ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
12:14
to prevent concussion.
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์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Kids, don't try this at home please.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
12:20
This stuntman does not have a helmet.
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์ด ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ๋งจ์€ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:24
He instead has a neck collar,
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋ชฉ ๊นƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:26
and this neck collar has sensors in it,
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๋ชฉ ๊นƒ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:29
the same type of sensors that are in our mouthguard,
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ
12:32
and it detects when he's likely to have a fall,
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๋„˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:35
and there's an airbag that explodes and triggers,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์—์–ด๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
the same way that an airbag works in your car, essentially.
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์ฐจ๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์—์–ด๋ฐฑ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
And in the experiments we've done in my lab with their device,
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์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ์ด ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
12:44
we found that it can greatly reduce the risk of concussion in some scenarios
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
compared to a normal bicycle helmet.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:50
So it's a pretty exciting development.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
But in order for us to actually realize the benefits of technology
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:58
that can prevent concussion,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์‹ค๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
13:00
it needs to meet regulations.
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๊ทœ์ •์— ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
That's a reality.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
13:05
And this device is for sale in Europe
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
but is not for sale in the US, and probably won't be any time soon.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”. ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
So I wanted to tell you why.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
13:13
There are some good reasons and then there are some not so good reasons.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:17
Bike helmets are federally regulated.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
The Consumer Product Safety Commission has been given jurisdiction
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์†Œ๋น„์ž์ œํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์ „์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์Šน์ธํ• 
13:23
to approve any bike helmet for sale,
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๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:25
and this is the test they use.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
This is back to what I was telling you at the beginning about skull fracture.
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:30
That's what this test is for.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
And that's an important thing to do.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:33
It can save your life, but it's not sufficient, I would say.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์ฃ .
13:36
So for example, one thing this test doesn't evaluate
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:39
is it doesn't tell you is that airbag going to trigger
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์—์–ด๋ฐฑ์ด ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š”์ง€
13:41
at the right time and place, and not trigger when it doesn't need to?
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Similarly, it's not going to tell you
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
13:47
is this helmet likely to prevent concussion or not?
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์ด ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์ด ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋ง‰์„์ง€ ์•„๋‹์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
And if you look at football helmets, which aren't regulated,
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๊ทœ์ •์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
13:55
they still have a very similar test.
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๊ทธ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง๋“ค๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
They're not regulated by the government, anyway.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
They have an industry body, which is the way most industries work.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์‚ฐ์—… ์กฐ์ง์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:02
But this industry body, I can tell you, has been quite resistant
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
๋งค์šฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
to updating their standards.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
14:07
So in my lab, we are working on not only the mechanism of concussion,
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14:10
but we want to understand how can we have better test standards?
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
And we hope that the government can use this type of information
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
14:18
to encourage innovation
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
by letting consumers know
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์ด
14:22
how protected are you with a given helmet.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
14:25
And I want to bring this back finally to the original question I asked,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์›์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
which is, would I feel comfortable letting my child play football
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์ €ํฌ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
14:32
or ride a bicycle?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š๋ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
And this might be just a result of my own traumatic experience.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
I'm much more nervous about my daughter, Rose, riding a bicycle.
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์ „ ์ œ ๋”ธ ๋กœ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๋–„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ธด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
So she's a year and a half old,
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๋”ธ์€ 1์‚ด ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
and she's already, well, wants to anyway, race down the streets of San Francisco.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ž˜ ํƒ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ด์š”.
14:50
This is the bottom of one of these streets.
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์ด ๊ณณ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ตฐ๋ฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
And so my personal goal is to -- and I believe this is possible --
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์ €์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:57
is to further develop these technologies,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
and in fact, we're working on something in my lab in particular
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
15:02
that really makes optimal use of the given space of a helmet.
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ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ตœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:05
And I am confident that we will be able to,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
before she's ready to ride a two-wheeler,
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์ €ํฌ ๋”ธ์ด ๋‘๋ฐœ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—์š”.
15:11
have something available
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:12
that can in fact really reduce the risk of concussion
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์“ธ๋ชจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
and comply with regulatory bodies.
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๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:19
And so what I'd like to do --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์€
15:21
and I know that this is for some of you of more immediate nature,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
I've got a couple years here --
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์ œ๊ฒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
is to be able to tell parents and grandparents when I'm asked,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค, ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:30
it is safe and healthy for your children to engage in these activities.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
15:34
And I'm very fortunate to have a wonderful team at Stanford
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ์— ์ด ์ผ์— ์—ด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŒ€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:37
that's working hard on this.
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์ œ๊ฒ ํ–‰์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
So I hope to come back in a few years with the final story,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„์— ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
but for now I will tell you,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
please don't just be afraid when you hear the word concussion.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฒ๋จน์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:48
There is hope.
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ํฌ๋ง์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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