The four fish we're overeating -- and what to eat instead | Paul Greenberg

165,534 views ・ 2016-01-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: hansom Lee κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:12
So when I was a kid ...
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μ œκ°€ 어릴 λ•Œ
00:15
this was my team.
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이게 제 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:17
I stunk at sports.
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μ €λŠ” μš΄λ™μ„ λͺ» ν–ˆκ³ 
00:19
I didn't like to play them, I didn't like to watch them.
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μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것도 λ³΄λŠ” 것도 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
So this is what I did. I went fishing.
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— μ €λŠ” λ‚šμ‹œλ₯Ό κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
And for all of my growing up I fished on the shores of Connecticut,
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그리고 μžλΌλ©΄μ„œ μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»· μ£Ό ν•΄λ³€κ°€μ—μ„œ λ‚šμ‹œλ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
and these are the creatures that I saw on a regular basis.
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이 물고기듀은 μ œκ°€ 자주 보던 κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
But after I grew up and went to college,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ₯Έμ΄ 되고 λŒ€ν•™μ— κ°€κ³ 
00:35
and I came home in the early 90's,
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90λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆμ— 집에 λŒμ•„μ™”μ„ λ•Œ
00:37
this is what I found.
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이걸 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
My team had shrunk.
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제 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
00:41
It was like literally having your roster devastated.
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μ„ μˆ˜ λͺ…단이 μ™„μ „νžˆ 황폐해진 λŠλ‚Œμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
And as I sort of looked into that,
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μ €λŠ” λ‚šμ‹œκΎΌμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
00:46
from a very personal point of view as a fisherman,
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맀우 주관적인 κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 이 일을 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
00:48
I started to kind of figure out,
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κΉ¨λ‹«κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
well, what was the rest of the world thinking about it?
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그럼 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:53
First place I started to look was fish markets.
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μ €λŠ” λ¨Όμ € μˆ˜μ‚°μ‹œμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
And when I went to fish markets,
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μ œκ°€ μˆ˜μ‚°μ‹œμž₯에 갔을 λ•ŒλŠ”
00:57
in spite of where I was --
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ”” μžˆλ“ μ§€
00:58
whether I was in North Carolina, or Paris, or London, or wherever --
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λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ£Ό, 파리, 런던 어디에 μžˆλ“ μ§€
01:02
I kept seeing this weirdly repeating trope of four creatures,
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œλ„ 4가지 μƒμ„ λ§Œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ
01:07
again and again --
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λ©”λ‰΄νŒμ΄λ‚˜ μ–ΌμŒ μœ„μ—μ„œ
01:08
on the menus, on ice --
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보고 또 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
shrimp, tuna, salmon and cod.
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μƒˆμš°,참치,μ—°μ–΄, λŒ€κ΅¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
And I thought this was pretty strange,
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μ €λŠ” 이게 맀우 μ΄μƒν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
and as I looked at it, I was wondering,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œ κΆκΈˆν•΄μ‘Œμ£ .
01:17
did anyone else notice this sort of shrinking of the market?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ 생선 μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ 쀄고 μžˆλŠ” κ±Έ λŠλ‚„κΉŒ?
01:21
Well, when I looked into it,
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μ œκ°€ 더 μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:22
I realized that people didn't look at it as their team.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 생선을 같은 μΌμ›μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Ordinary people, the way they looked at seafood was like this.
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보톡 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 해산물을 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
It's not an unusual human characteristic
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μžμ—°μ— μ‚¬λŠ” μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 수λ₯Ό
01:31
to reduce the natural world down to very few elements.
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λͺ‡ 개만 남도둝 μ€„μ΄λŠ” 건 μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
We did it before, 10,000 years ago, when we came out of our caves.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 만 λ…„μ „ λ™κ΅΄μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ™”μ„ λ•Œλ„ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
If you look at fire pits from 10,000 years ago,
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만 λ…„μ „μ˜ 화덕을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
01:41
you'll see raccoons, you'll see, you know, wolves,
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λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬μ™€ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
you'll see all kinds of different creatures.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 동물듀을 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
01:46
But if you telescope to the age of -- you know, 2,000 years ago,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 2μ²œλ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ©΄
01:49
you'll see these four mammals:
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이 4가지 동물을 보게 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
pigs, cows, sheep and goats.
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돼지, μ†Œ, μ–‘, μ—Όμ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
It's true of birds, too.
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μƒˆλ“€λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜ˆμš”.
01:55
You look at the menus in New York City restaurants
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150λ…„ μ „, 200λ…„ μ „ λ‰΄μš•μ˜
01:58
150 years ago, 200 years ago,
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식당 메뉴λ₯Ό 보면
02:00
you'll see snipe, woodcock, grouse, dozens of ducks, dozens of geese.
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λ„μš”μƒˆ, λ©§λ„μš”, κ°€λ¬ΈλΉ„λ‡Œμ‘°, λ§Žμ€ μ˜€λ¦¬μ™€ κ±°μœ„λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
But telescope ahead to the age of modern animal husbandry,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 좕산업을 λŒμ•„μ˜€λ©΄
02:07
and you'll see four:
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4가지λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
turkeys, ducks, chicken and geese.
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μΉ λ©΄μ‘°, 였리, λ‹­, κ±°μœ„μ£ .
02:12
So it makes sense that we've headed in this direction.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 λ°©ν–₯으둜 κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 게 말이 λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:15
But how have we headed in this direction?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 λ°©ν–₯을 ν–₯ν•˜κ²Œ 됐죠?
02:17
Well ...
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흠...
02:18
first it's a very, very new problem.
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λ¨Όμ € 이건 μ•„μ£Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
This is the way we've been fishing the oceans over the last 50 years.
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이 방식은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ 50λ…„λ™μ•ˆ λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ ν•΄μ˜¨ λ‚šμ‹œ λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
World War II was a tremendous incentive to arm ourselves in a war against fish.
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2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „μ€ μƒμ„ κ³Όμ˜ μ „μŸμ—μ„œ 이점을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있게 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
All of the technology that we perfected during World War II --
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세계 2μ°¨ λŒ€μ „ λ™μ•ˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄ 놓은 κΈ°μˆ λ“€
02:32
sonar, lightweight polymers --
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μˆ˜μ€‘μŒνŒŒ 탐지기, κ²½λŸ‰ ν•©μ„±μˆ˜μ§€
02:34
all these things were redirected towards fish.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 생선을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ“°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
And so you see this tremendous buildup in fishing capacity,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이것을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ λ‚šμ‹œ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ΄ μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•΄μ Έμ„œ
02:39
quadrupling in the course of time,
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2μ°¨μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „μ΄ λλ‚˜κ³ λ‚˜μ„œ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€
02:41
from the end of World War II to the present time.
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4λ°°μ”© μ¦κ°€ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
And right now that means
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그리고 ν˜„μž¬ μ§€κΈˆ μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ”
02:45
we're taking between 80 and 90 million metric tons out of the sea every year.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 800μ—μ„œ 900백만 톀을 λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ 맀년 κ°€μ Έκ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
That's the equivalent of the human weight of China
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이것은 쀑ꡭ에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 체쀑을
02:52
taken out of the sea every year.
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맀년 λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ κ°€μ Έκ°€λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
And it's no coincidence that I use China as the example
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쀑ꡭ을 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ λ“  건 μš°μ—°μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
because China is now the largest fishing nation in the world.
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쀑ꡭ이 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 생선을 μž‘λŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:00
Well, that's only half the story.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 일뢀일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
The other half of the story
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 면은
03:03
is this incredible boom in fish farming and aquaculture,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ–‘μ‹μ—μ„œ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 뢐인 μˆ˜μ‚°μ—…μ€
03:07
which is now, only in the last year or two,
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μ§€κΈˆ ν˜„μž¬λΆ€ν„° μ§€λ‚œ 2λ…„λ™μ•ˆ
03:09
starting to exceed the amount of wild fish that we produce.
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μžμ—°μ‚° μƒμ„ λŸ‰μ„ μ΄ˆκ³Όν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
So that if you add wild fish and farmed fish together,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μžμ—°μ‚° 생선과 양식 생선을 ν•©ν•˜λ©΄
03:16
you get the equivalent of two Chinas created from the ocean
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ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 2개의 쀑ꡭ이
λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
each and every year.
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03:21
And again, it's not a coincidence that I use China as the example,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ 쀑ꡭ을 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ 든건 μš°μ—°μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
03:24
because China, in addition to being the biggest catcher of fish,
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°€μž₯ 많이 μž‘λŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ΄λ©΄μ„œ
03:27
is also the biggest farmer of fish.
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μ–‘μ‹μžμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
So let's look though at the four choices we are making right now.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ λ‹Ήμž₯ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 4가지 선택을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:35
The first one --
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μ²«λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”
03:36
by far the most consumed seafood in America and in much of the West,
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ„œμ–‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ†ŒλΉ„λ˜λŠ” 해산물은
03:40
is shrimp.
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μƒˆμš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
Shrimp in the wild -- as a wild product --
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μƒˆμš°λŠ” 야생 μƒμ‚°λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ
03:44
is a terrible product.
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μ΅œμ•…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
5, 10, 15 pounds of wild fish are regularly killed
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5,10,15 νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ˜ μžμ—°μ‚° 물고기듀이 μ •κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œ μ£½μ–΄μ•Ό
03:49
to bring one pound of shrimp to the market.
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1νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ˜ μƒˆμš°κ°€ μ‹œμž₯에 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
They're also incredibly fuel inefficient to bring to the market.
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λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€λ§ŒνΌ μ—°λ£Œ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž₯에 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
In a recent study that was produced out of Dalhousie University,
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졜근 λŒˆν•˜μš°μ§€ λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ‹œν•œ 연ꡬ 결과에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
03:58
it was found that dragging for shrimp
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μƒˆμš°λ₯Ό 감아 μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것이
04:00
is one of the most carbon-intensive ways of fishing that you can find.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” λ‚šμ‹œ 방법 쀑에 νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ΄ κ°€μž₯ λ†’λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
So you can farm them,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ 양식할 수 있고
04:06
and people do farm them,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μ–‘μ‹ν•˜κ³ 
04:07
and they farm them a lot in this very area.
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이 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ 많이 μ–‘μ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Problem is ...
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ”...
04:10
the place where you farm shrimp is in these wild habitats --
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μƒˆμš°λ₯Ό μ–‘μ‹ν•˜λŠ” 곳이 야생 μ„œμ‹μ§€μΈ
04:14
in mangrove forests.
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맹그둜브 μˆ²μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Now look at those lovely roots coming down.
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λ°‘μœΌλ‘œ μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ λΏŒλ¦¬λ“€μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:17
Those are the things that hold soil together,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 토양을 μ₯κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
04:19
protect coasts, create habitats for all sorts of young fish, young shrimp,
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ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ¦° λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°, μ–΄λ¦° μƒˆμš°κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ μ„œμ‹μ§€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
04:23
all sorts of things that are important to this environment.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
Well, this is what happens to a lot of coastal mangrove forests.
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음, 이것이 λ°”λ‘œ ν•΄μ•ˆ 맹그둜브 μˆ²μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
We've lost millions of acres of coastal mangroves
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 100만 μ—μ΄μ»€μ˜ ν•΄μ•ˆ 맹그둜브 μˆ²μ„
04:31
over the last 30 or 40 years.
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μ§€λ‚œ 30~40λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
That rate of destruction has slowed,
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숲이 νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜λŠ” λΉ„μœ¨μ€ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:35
but we're still in a major mangrove deficit.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ 맹그둜브 숲의 손싀은 μ‹¬κ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
The other thing that's going on here
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 일은
04:40
is a phenomenon that the filmmaker Mark Benjamin called "Grinding Nemo."
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μ˜ν™”κ°λ… 마크 벀자민이 "λ‹ˆλͺ¨λ₯Ό κ°ˆμ•„μ„œ"라고 ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
This phenomenon is very, very relevant
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€ μ—΄λŒ€ μ•”μ΄ˆμ—μ„œ
04:47
to anything that you've ever seen on a tropical reef.
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봀던 것듀과 μ•„μ£Ό 많이 μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
Because what's going on right now,
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μ§€κΈˆ 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλƒν•˜λ©΄
04:51
we have shrimp draggers dragging for shrimp,
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μƒˆμš° 작이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μƒˆμš° 어선을 가지고
04:53
catching a huge amount of bycatch,
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λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ μž‘μ–΄λ₯Ό 작고
04:55
that bycatch in turn gets ground up and turned into shrimp food.
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κ·Έ μž‘μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°ˆμ•„μ„œ μƒˆμš° 먹이둜 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
And sometimes, many of these vessels --
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그리고 가끔씩 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°°λ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„
05:01
manned by slaves --
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λ…Έμ˜ˆλ₯Ό 뢀리고 있으며
05:03
are catching these so-called "trash fish,"
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"μž‘μ–΄"라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 물고기듀이 μž‘νžˆλŠ”λ°
05:05
fish that we would love to see on a reef,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ—μ„œ 보고 싢은 물고기듀이며
05:07
grinding them up
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κ·Έ 물고기듀을 κ°ˆμ•„μ„œ
05:09
and turning them into shrimp feed --
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λ‹€μ‹œ μƒˆμš° 먹이둜 μ“°κ³ 
05:10
an ecosystem literally eating itself and spitting out shrimp.
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μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” κ·Έμ•Όλ§λ‘œ 자기 슀슀둜 λ¨Ήκ³  μƒˆμš°λ₯Ό λ±‰μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
The next most consumed seafood in America,
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ— λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ„œμ–‘ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ
05:17
and also throughout the West,
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κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ†ŒλΉ„λ˜λŠ” 해산물은
05:19
is tuna.
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μ°ΈμΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
So tuna is this ultimate global fish.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ°ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 졜고의 세계적인 μƒμ„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
These huge management areas have to be observed
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이런 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 관리 지역은 κ°μ‹œν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ°
05:26
in order for tuna to be well managed.
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참치λ₯Ό 잘 ν‚€μš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
05:28
Our own management area,
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우리 λ…μžμ μΈ 관리지역은
05:30
called a Regional Fisheries Management Organization,
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지역 μˆ˜μ‚°κΈ°κ΅¬λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄κ³ 
05:32
is called ICCAT,
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ICCAT라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데
05:33
the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.
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λŒ€μ„œμ–‘ 참치λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ΅­μ œκΈ°κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
The great naturalist Carl Safina once called it,
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μžμ—°μ£Όμ˜μž μΉΌ μ‚¬ν”Όλ‚˜λŠ” ν•œλ•Œ κ·Έ 기ꡬλ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬μΌœ
05:39
"The International Conspiracy to Catch all the Tunas."
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"λͺ¨λ“  참치λ₯Ό μž‘λŠ” ꡭ제 곡λͺ¨ 기ꡬ" 라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
Of course we've seen incredible improvement
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λ¬Όλ‘  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ICCATμ—μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
05:45
in ICCAT in the last few years,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ λ°œμ „μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:46
there is total room for improvement,
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μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ κ°œμ„ λ˜μ–΄ν–˜ 점이 μžˆλŠ”λ°λ„
05:48
but it remains to be said that tuna is a global fish,
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이 κΈ°κ΅¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ°ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 세계적인 물고기이고
05:51
and to manage it, we have to manage the globe.
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그것을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 세계λ₯Ό 관리해야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜μ£ .
05:54
Well, we could also try to grow tuna
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 참치λ₯Ό κΈ°λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:56
but tuna is a spectacularly bad animal for aquaculture.
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μ°ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ–‘μ‹μ—…μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 정말 μ•ˆ 쒋은 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
Many people don't know this but tuna are warm-blooded.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ”데 μ°ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 온혈 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
They can heat their bodies 20 degrees above ambient temperature,
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λͺΈμ„ μ£Όμœ„ μ˜¨λ„λ³΄λ‹€ 20도 정도 λ†’μΌμˆ˜ 있고
06:06
they can swim at over 40 miles an hour.
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ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ— 40마일 정도 ν—€μ—„μΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
So that pretty much eliminates
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μ–‘μ‹ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μ λ“€μ˜
06:10
all the advantages of farming a fish, right?
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 사라지죠.
06:12
A farmed fish is --
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양식 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ‚˜
06:13
or a fish is cold-blooded, it doesn't move too much.
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λƒ‰ν˜ˆ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” 많이 움직이지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
06:16
That's a great thing for growing protein.
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ κΈ°λ₯΄λŠ”데 μ’‹μ£ .
06:18
But if you've got this crazy, wild creature
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ— 40λ§ˆμΌμ„ ν—€μ—„μΉ˜κ³ 
06:20
that swims at 40 miles an hour and heats its blood --
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μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺΈμ„ 뜨겁게 ν•˜λŠ” 미친, μžμ—° λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μž‘μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
06:23
not a great candidate for aquaculture.
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양식이 그닀지 쒋은 쑰건이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
06:25
The next creature --
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ”
06:27
most consumed seafood in America and throughout the West --
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ„œμ–‘ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ†ŒλΉ„λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν•΄μ‚°λ¬Ό
06:30
is salmon.
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μ—°μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
Now salmon got its plundering, too,
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μ§€κΈˆ 연어도 μ•½νƒˆν•˜κ³  있죠.
06:33
but it didn't really necessarily happen through fishing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ꡳ이 λ‚šμ‹œλ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
This is my home state of Connecticut.
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” 제 κ³ ν–₯인 μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»·μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
Connecticut used to be home to a lot of wild salmon.
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코넀티컷은 λ§Žμ€ 야생 μ—°μ–΄λ“€μ˜ 집이 λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
But if you look at this map of Connecticut,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»·μ˜ 지도λ₯Ό 보면
06:43
every dot on that map is a dam.
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이 점듀은 λ‹€ λŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
There are over 3,000 dams in the state of Connecticut.
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μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»· μ£Όμ—λŠ” 3,000κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 댐이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
I often say this is why people in Connecticut are so uptight --
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μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»· μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ°•μ§ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ΄κ²ƒλ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  자주 λ§ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
06:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:56
If somebody could just unblock Connecticut's chi,
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λ§Œμ•½μ— λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»·μ˜ κΈ°λ₯Ό ν’€μ–΄μ£Όλ©΄
07:00
I feel that we could have an infinitely better world.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—„μ²­ λ‚˜μ•„μ§„ 세상을 μ‚΄ 거라고 느겼죠.
07:02
But I made this particular comment
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 이런 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 연섀을
07:04
at a convention once of national parks officers,
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νšŒμ˜μ—μ„œ ꡭ립곡원 μ§μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ ν–ˆλ”λ‹ˆ
07:06
and this guy from North Carolina sidled up to me, he says,
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λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λ¦¬μ•„λ‚˜μ—μ„œ 온 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 닀가와 λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
07:09
"You know, you oughtn't be so hard on your Connecticut,
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"코넀티컷을 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λͺ°μ•„μ„Έμš°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
07:13
cause we here in North Carolina, we got 35,000 dams."
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μ—¬κΈ° λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜λŠ” 35,00개의 댐이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ ."
07:17
So it's a national epidemic, it's an international epidemic.
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이건 ꡭ가적인 μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ΄κ³  전세계적인 μ „μ—Όλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
And there are dams everywhere,
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λŒμ€ 곳곳에 있고
07:22
and these are precisely the things
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 이것이
07:23
that stop wild salmon from reaching their spawning grounds.
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야생 연어듀이 μ‚°λž€ μž₯μ†Œμ— μ˜€λŠ” 것을 막아버리죠.
07:26
So as a result, we've turned to aquaculture,
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–‘μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„κ°€κ³ 
07:28
and salmon is one the most successful, at least from a numbers point of view.
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μˆ«μžλΌλŠ” κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면 κ°€μž₯ 성곡적인 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
When they first started farming salmon,
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μ—°μ–΄λ₯Ό 처음 μ–‘μ‹ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
07:34
it could take as many as six pounds of wild fish
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μ—°μ–΄ 1 νŒŒμš΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
07:37
to make a single pound of salmon.
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6νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ˜ 야생 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ ν•„μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
The industry has, to its credit, greatly improved.
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이 산업은 λͺ…성에 걸맞게 ꡉμž₯히 많이 λ°œμ „ν•΄μ„œ
07:42
They've gotten it below two to one,
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2:1을 λ°‘λŒκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
although it's a little bit of a cheat
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ μ†μž„μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:46
because if you look at the way aquaculture feed is produced,
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양식업이 μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 보면
07:49
they're measuring pellets --
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νŒ”λ ›μ„ μž¬λŠ”λ°
07:50
pounds of pellets per pound of salmon.
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μ—°μ–΄ 1 νŒŒμš΄λ“œ λ‹Ή νŒ”λ › λͺ‡ νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ˜ 수치죠.
07:53
Those pellets are in turn reduced fish.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŒ”λ ›μ΄ 물고기의 수λ₯Ό μ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
So the actual -- what's called the FIFO, the fish in and the fish out --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 생선을 νˆ¬μž…ν•΄μ„œ 생선을 μ–»λŠ” μ‹€μ œ FIFOμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
kind of hard to say.
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λ§ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ νž˜λ“€μ£ .
08:00
But in any case,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—κ±΄
08:02
credit to the industry,
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양식업 덕택에
08:03
it has lowered the amount of fish per pound of salmon.
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μ—°μ–΄ λ¬΄κ²Œλ‹Ή 물고기의 양을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œμΌ°μ£ .
08:05
Problem is we've also gone crazy
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€
08:08
with the amount of salmon that we're producing.
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μ—°μ–΄λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 것에도 λ―Έμ³μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
08:10
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food system on the planet.
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양식은 μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°€μž₯ 빨리 κΈ°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
It's growing at something like seven percent per year.
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맀년 7% μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
And so even though we're doing less per fish
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μ‹œμž₯에 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
08:20
to bring it to the market,
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먹이가 λ˜λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
08:22
we're still killing a lot of these little fish.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ–΄λ¦° 물고기듀을 많이 죽이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
And it's not just fish that we're feeding fish to,
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그리고 이것을 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μ—κ²Œ 쀄 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:28
we're also feeding fish to chickens and pigs.
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κ·Έ 물고기듀을 λ‹­κ³Ό λΌμ§€μ—κ²Œ 주기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
So we've got chickens and they're eating fish,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 닭을 μ–»κ³  닭은 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ”λ°
08:34
but weirdly, we also have fish that are eating chickens.
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œλ„ 닭을 먹은 생선도 λ¨Ήκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀이죠.
08:38
Because the byproducts of chickens -- feathers, blood, bone --
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ‹­μ˜ 뢀산물인 λ‚ κ°œ, ν”Ό, λΌˆλŠ”
08:41
get ground up and fed to fish.
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κ°ˆμ•„μ„œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μ—κ²Œ 먹이둜 μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:44
So I often wonder,
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μ €λŠ” κΆκΈˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
is there a fish that ate a chicken that ate a fish?
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 먹은 닭을 먹은 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
08:49
It's sort of a reworking of the chicken and egg thing. Anyway --
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λ‹­κ³Ό 달걀이 μž¬μƒμ‚°λ˜λŠ” 것과 같은데 μ–΄μ°Œλλ“ 
08:52
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:53
All together, though, it results in a terrible mess.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
What you're talking about
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무슨 μ–˜κΈ°λƒ ν•˜λ©΄
08:57
is something between 20 and 30 million metric tons of wild creatures
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2λ°± - 3백만 ν†€μ˜ 야생 물고기듀이
09:03
that are taken from the ocean and used and ground up.
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λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ μž‘ν˜€ κ°ˆλ €μ§€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
That's the equivalent of a third of a China,
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κ·Έ 양은 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 1/3에 λ‹¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
09:08
or of an entire United States of humans
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ „μ²΄μ˜ 인ꡬ가
09:10
that's taken out of the sea each and every year.
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맀년 λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
The last of the four is a kind of amorphous thing.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 4μ’…λ₯˜λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
It's what the industry calls "whitefish."
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μˆ˜μ‚°μ—…μ—μ„œλŠ” '흰살 생선'으둜 λΆ€λ₯΄μ£ .
09:20
There are many fish that get cycled into this whitefish thing
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λ§Žμ€ 물고기듀이 이 흰살 생선에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ”λ°
09:23
but the way to kind of tell the story, I think,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 제 생각에
09:25
is through that classic piece of American culinary innovation,
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λ―Έκ΅­ μš”λ¦¬ ν˜μ‹ μ˜ μ „ν˜•μ μΈ μ œν’ˆμΈ
휠레였 피쉬 μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜κ°€ 빠질 수 μ—†μ£ .
09:28
the Filet-O-Fish sandwich.
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09:29
So the Filet-O-Fish sandwich actually started as halibut.
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휠레였 피쉬 μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λŠ” λ„™μΉ˜μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
And it started because a local franchise owner
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이것은 ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 지점주가 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
09:35
found that when he served his McDonald's on Friday, nobody came.
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κΈˆμš”μΌμ— λ§₯λ„λ„λ“œλ₯Ό 먹으러 μ˜€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 아무도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
Because it was a Catholic community, they needed fish.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 가톨릭 κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ—¬μ„œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ ν•„μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
So he went to Ray Kroc and he said,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 레이 크둝을 μ°Ύμ•„κ°€μ„œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
09:45
"I'm going to bring you a fish sandwich, going to be made out of halibut."
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"λ„™μΉ˜λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  생선 μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ²Œμš”."
09:48
Ray Kroc said, "I don't think it's going to work.
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레이 크둝이 λ§ν–ˆμ£  "μ•ˆ νŒ”λ¦΄ 것 κ°™μ€λ°μš”.
09:51
I want to do a Hula Burger,
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ν›ŒλΌ 버거λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  싢은데
09:52
and there's going to be a slice of pineapple on a bun.
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νŒŒμΈμ• ν”Œ ν•œ 쑰각을 κ·Έ 빡에 λ„£μœΌλ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
But let's do this, let's have a bet.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. λ‚΄κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜μ£ .
09:56
Whosever sandwich sells more, that will be the winning sandwich."
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많이 νŒ”λ¦° μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 이긴 μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λ‘œ μΈμ •ν•˜μ£ ."
10:00
Well, it's kind of sad for the ocean that the Hula Burger didn't win.
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음, ν›ŒλΌλ²„κ±°κ°€ 이기지 λͺ»ν•œ 일이 λ°”λ‹€ν•œν…ŒλŠ” μŠ¬ν”ˆ 일이 λ˜μ–΄λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
So he made his halibut sandwich.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” λ„™μΉ˜ μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
Unfortunately though, the sandwich came in at 30 cents.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„ κ·Έ μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λŠ” 30μ„ΌνŠΈμ— λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
Ray wanted the sandwich to come in at 25 cents,
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λ ˆμ΄λŠ” μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 25μ„ΌνŠΈμ— 내놓고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•΄μ„œ
10:12
so he turned to Atlantic cod.
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λŒ€μ„œμ–‘ λŒ€κ΅¬λ‘œ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
뉴 μž‰κΈ€λžœλ“œμ˜ λŒ€μ„œμ–‘ λŒ€κ΅¬μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ‘ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
We all know what happened to Atlantic cod in New England.
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10:17
So now the Filet-O-Fish sandwich is made out of Alaska pollock,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œν•΄μ„œ ν•„λ › 였 피쉬 μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λŠ” μ•Œλž˜μŠ€μΉ΄ λͺ…νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
10:20
it's the largest fin fish fishery in the United States,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ–΄μž₯μ—μ„œ
10:23
2 to 3 billion pounds of fish taken out of the sea every single year.
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2~3μ‹­μ–΅ νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ˜ 물고기듀이 맀년 λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ 작히고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
If we go through the pollock,
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λͺ…νƒœλ₯Ό λ‹€ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
10:29
the next choice is probably going to be tilapia.
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λ‹€μŒ 선택은 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 틸라피아겠죠.
10:32
Tilapia is one of those fish nobody ever heard of 20 years ago.
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ν‹ΈλΌν”Όμ•„λŠ” 20λ…„ μ „μ—λŠ” 아무도 듣지 λͺ»ν•œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
It's actually a very efficient converter of plant protein into animal protein,
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식물 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ 동물 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό νš¨μœ¨μ’‹κ²Œ λ°”κΎΈκ³ 
10:39
and it's been a godsend to the third world.
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제 3μ„Έκ³„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λœ»λ°–μ˜ 선물이 되겠죠.
10:41
It's actually a tremendously sustainable solution,
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사싀 이건 정말 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ 해결책인데
10:43
it goes from an egg to an adult in nine months.
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9κ°œμ›”λ§Œμ— μ•Œμ—μ„œ μ„±μ–΄λ‘œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
The problem is that when you look about the West,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ„œμ–‘μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬λ³΄λ©΄
10:48
it doesn't do what the West wants it to do.
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μ„œμ–‘μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
It really doesn't have what's called an oily fish profile.
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기름진 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ κ°–λŠ” νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
It doesn't have the EPA and DHA omega-3s
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EPA,DHA, μ˜€λ©”κ°€-3sλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
10:55
that we all think are going to make us live forever.
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우리λ₯Ό μ˜μ›νžˆ μ‚΄κ²Œ 해쀄 거라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ„ 말이죠.
10:59
So what do we do?
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그러면 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
11:00
I mean, first of all, what about this poor fish, the clupeids?
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제 말은 μš°μ„  λΆˆμŒν•œ μ²­μ–΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
11:03
The fish that represent a huge part of that 20 to 30 million metric tons.
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μ²­μ–΄λŠ” 2μ²œμ—μ„œ 3μ²œλ§Œν†€ 정도 μž‘νžˆλŠ” λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
Well, one possibility that a lot of conservationists have raised
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음, λ§Žμ€ ν™˜κ²½ 보호 μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ κΆκΈˆν•΄ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ 가지 κ°€λŠ₯성은
11:11
is could we eat them?
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먹을 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€? μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
Could we eat them directly instead of feeding them to salmon?
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° 먹이둜 μ£ΌλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 직접 먹을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:16
There are arguments for it.
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이에 κ΄€ν•œ λ…ΌμŸμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
They are tremendously fuel efficient to bring to market,
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μ‹œμž₯에 λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ—°λ£Œ 효율이 μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹κ³ 
11:20
a fraction of the fuel cost of say, shrimp,
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μ—°λ£Œ λΉ„μš© 츑면으둜 λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ μƒˆμš°λŠ”
11:22
and at the very top of the carbon efficiency scale.
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νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰λ„ 맀우 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
They also are omega-3 rich, a great source for EPA and DHA.
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그듀은 μ˜€λ©”κ°€ 3도 ν’λΆ€ν• λΏλ”λŸ¬ EPA와 DHA도 많이 가지고 있죠.
11:30
So that is a potential.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
And if we were to go down that route what I would say is,
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½μ— μ œκ°€ λ§ν•œλŒ€λ‘œ 방법을 λ”°λ₯Έλ‹€λ©΄
11:35
instead of paying a few bucks a pound -- or a few bucks a ton, really --
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1 νŒŒμš΄λ“œ λ‹Ή λͺ‡ λΆˆμ΄λ‚˜ 1 톀 λ‹Ή λͺ‡ λΆˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
11:39
and making it into aquafeed,
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양식μž₯ 먹이둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
11:41
could we halve the catch and double the price for the fishermen
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μ–΄νšλŸ‰μ„ 반으둜 쀄이고 μ–΄λΆ€μ—κ²Œ 값을 2배둜 μ§€λΆˆν•΄μ„œ
11:44
and make that our way of treating these particular fish?
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이런 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λŒ€μš°ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:49
Other possibility though, which is much more interesting,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€λŠ₯성은 쑰금 더 ν₯미둜운데
11:51
is looking at bivalves, particularly mussels.
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μ—¬κΈ° 쌍각λ₯˜ 쑰개 특히 홍합을 λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
11:54
Now, mussels are very high in EPA and DHA, they're similar to canned tuna.
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자, 홍합은 EPA와 DHA ν•¨λŸ‰μ΄ λ†’κ³  톡쑰림 μ°ΈμΉ˜μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
They're also extremely fuel efficient.
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μ—°λ£Œ νš¨μœ¨λ„ ꡉμž₯ν•˜μ£ .
12:01
To bring a pound of mussels to market
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홍합 1 νŒŒμš΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‹œμž₯에 κ°€μ Έμ˜€κΈ°λŠ”
12:03
is about a thirtieth of the carbon as required to bring beef to market.
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μ†Œκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹œμž₯에 κ°€μ Έμ˜€λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ νƒ„μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ 1/30μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
They require no forage fish,
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그러면 μ‚¬λ£Œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” ν•„μš” μ—†κ³ 
12:08
they actually get their omega-3s by filtering the water of microalgae.
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κ²°κ΅­ λ―Έμ†Œ μ‘°λ₯˜κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” 물을 μ—¬κ³Όμ‹œμΌœ 쑰개λ₯˜λŠ” μ˜€λ©”κ°€ 3sλ₯Ό 얻을 수 있죠.
12:12
In fact, that's where omega-3s come from, they don't come from fish.
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사싀 μ˜€λ©”κ°€ 3sλŠ” κ±°κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³  λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°ν•œν…Œμ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
12:15
Microalgae make the omega-3s, they're only bioconcentrated in fish.
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λ―Έμ†Œ μ‘°λ₯˜κ°€ μ˜€λ©”κ°€ 3sλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μ•ˆμ— 생물농좕될 뿐이죠.
12:19
Mussels and other bivalves
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홍합과 λ‹€λ₯Έ 쌍각λ₯˜ μ‘°κ°œλ“€μ€
12:21
do tremendous amounts of water filtration.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 물을 μ—¬κ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
A single mussel can filter dozens of gallons every single day.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 홍합은 λͺ‡ 가런의 물을 맀일 μ—¬κ³Όν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:26
And this is incredibly important when we look at the world.
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그리고 이 세계λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό λ•Œ 이것이 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
Right now, nitrification, overuse of phosphates in our waterways
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ν˜„μž¬ 인산염을 λ‚¨μš©ν•΄μ„œ μ§ˆμ‚°ν™”κ°€ μˆ˜λ‘œμ—μ„œ
12:33
are causing tremendous algal blooms.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ…Ήμ‘° ν˜„μƒμ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κ²Œ 되겠죠.
12:35
Over 400 new dead zones have been created in the last 20 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 400개의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬κ°μ§€λŒ€κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ”λ°
12:39
tremendous sources of marine life death.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ ν•΄μ–‘ 생물이 μ£½μ–΄ κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
We also could look at not a fish at all.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΌ­ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 봐야 ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
We could look at a vegetable.
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μ±„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
We could look at seaweed, the kelps,
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ν•΄μ΄ˆλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, λ‹€μ‹œλ§ˆ
12:49
all these different varieties of things that can be high in omega-3s,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 쒅듀은 μ˜€λ©”κ°€3sλ₯Ό 많이 가지고 μžˆμœΌλ©΄μ„œ
12:53
can be high in proteins,
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ„ 많이 가지고 μžˆλŠ”
12:54
tremendously good things.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 쒋은 식물듀이죠.
12:56
They filter the water just like mussels do.
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그듀은 홍합이 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 물을 μ—¬κ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
And weirdly enough,
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그리고 ꡉμž₯히 κΈ°λ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œλ„
13:00
it turns out that you can actually feed this to cows.
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이것은 μ†Œμ—κ²Œ μ‚¬λ£Œλ‘œ 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
Now, I'm not a big fan of cattle.
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자, μ €λŠ” 가좕을 λ³„λ‘œ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
13:04
But if you wanted to keep growing cattle
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 물이 μ œν•œλœ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ
13:06
in a time and place where water resources are limited,
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가좕을 ν‚€μš°κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
13:09
you're growing seaweed in the water, you don't have to water it --
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ν•΄μ‘°λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—μ„œ ν‚€μš°λ©΄ 물이 ν•„μš” μ—†κ²Œ 되죠.
13:12
major consideration.
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κ³ λ €ν•΄ 볼만 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
And the last fish is a question mark.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” 아직 λ¬ΌμŒν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
We have the ability to create aquacultured fish
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 양식 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
that creates a net gain of marine protein for us.
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μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ ν•΄μ–‘λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 말이죠.
13:24
This creature would have to be vegetarian,
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이 생선은 μ±„μ‹μ£Όμ˜μΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
13:26
it would have to be fast growing,
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ꡉμž₯히 빨리 μžλž„μˆ˜ 있으며
13:28
it would have to be adaptable to a changing climate
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기후변화에 따라 적응할 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
13:31
and it would have to have that oily fish profile,
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기름진 고기의 μš”μ†ŒμΈ
13:33
that EPA, DHA, omega-3 fatty acid profile that we're looking for.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°ΎλŠ” 지방산 EPA, DHA, μ˜€λ©”κ°€-3λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:37
This exists kind of on paper.
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이것은 쒅이 μœ„μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:40
I have been reporting on these subjects for 15 years.
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μ €λŠ” 15λ…„λ™μ•ˆ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 주제λ₯Ό λ§ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:44
Every time I do a new story, somebody tells me,
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맀번 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ° λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ 제게 λ§ν•˜μ£ .
13:47
"We can do all that. We can do it. We've figured it all out.
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€ ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:49
We can produce a fish
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 생산할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
that's a net gain of marine protein and has omega-3s."
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순 ν•΄μ–‘ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆκ³Ό μ˜€λ©”κ°€3sλ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μš”.
13:53
Great.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
It doesn't seem to be getting scaled up.
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규λͺ¨λ₯Ό ν™•λŒ€ν•  ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†μ–΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
It is time to scale this up.
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이 방법을 ν™•λŒ€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ‹œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
If we do,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
14:00
30 million metric tons of seafood, a third of the world catch,
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세계 μ–΄νšλŸ‰μ˜ 1/3인 3μ²œλ§Œν†€μ˜ 해산물이
14:03
stays in the water.
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λ¬Ό 속에 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:05
So I guess what I'm saying is this is what we've been going with.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것은 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ ν•΄μ˜€λ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:09
We tend to go with our appetites rather than our minds.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§ˆμŒλ³΄λ‹€ μ‹μš•μ„ 더 따라가곀 ν•˜μ£ .
14:12
But if we went with this, or some configuration of it,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν˜Ήμ€ 이런 섀정을 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
14:15
we might have a little more of this.
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이것보닀 쑰금 더 κ°€μ§ˆ 지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
14:19
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:20
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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