How the military fights climate change | David Titley

61,528 views ใƒป 2017-12-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunjeong Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So I'd like to tell you a story about climate and change,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
but it's really a story about people and not polar bears.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
So this is our house that we lived in in the mid-2000s.
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์ด ์ง‘์€ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I was the chief operating officer for the Navy's weather and ocean service.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ด๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ํ•ด์–‘์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
It happened to be down at a place called Stennis Space Center
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์Šคํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์šฐ์ฃผ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
right on the Gulf Coast,
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๊ฑธํ”„ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜€์ฃ .
00:33
so we lived in a little town called Waveland, Mississippi,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ์˜ ์™€๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ณ  ์•„๋‹ดํ•œ ์ง‘์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:35
nice modest house, and as you can see, it's up against a storm surge.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํญํ’ ํ•ด์ผ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:39
Now, if you ever wonder
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:42
what a 30-foot or nine-meter storm surge does
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์ •๋ง 30ํ”ผํŠธ๋‚˜ 9m๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํญํ’ ํ•ด์ผ์ด
00:45
coming up your street,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์น˜๋Š”์ง€
00:47
let me show you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:49
Same house.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
That's me, kind of wondering what's next.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ €๋„ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
00:54
But when we say we lost our house -- this is, like, right after Katrina --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์งํ›„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:57
so the house is either all the way up there in the railway tracks,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘์€ ์ €์ชฝ ์„ ๋กœ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:01
or it's somewhere down there in the Gulf of Mexico,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ ์ € ์•„๋žซ์ชฝ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:04
and to this day, we really, we lost our house.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
We don't know where it is.
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์ง‘์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:09
You know, it's gone.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ง‘์ด ์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
So I don't show this for pity,
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๋™์ •์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
01:16
because in many ways, we were the luckiest people on the Gulf Coast.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธํ”„ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:20
One of the things is, we had insurance,
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์šด ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:23
and that idea of insurance is probably pretty important there.
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๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฝค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
But does this scale up, you know, what happened here?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:30
And I think it kind of does, because as you've heard,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
as the sea levels come up,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:35
it takes weaker and weaker storms to do something like this.
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์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•œ ํญํ’๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:39
So let's just step back for a second and kind of look at this.
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๋ช‡์ดˆ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ข€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:43
And, you know, climate's really complicated,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
a lot of moving parts in this,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€๋™ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:49
but I kind of put it about it's all about the water.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
See, see those three blue dots there down on the lower part?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋žซ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:55
The one you can easily see, that's all the water in the world.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Those two smaller dots, those are the fresh water.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
And it turns out that as the climate changes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:05
the distribution of that water is changing very fundamentally.
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๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
So now we have too much, too little, wrong place, wrong time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:12
It's salty where it should be fresh; it's liquid where it should be frozen;
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์‹ ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์— ์—ผ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ผ์–ด์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์ด ๋…น์•„์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:17
it's wet where it should be dry;
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๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์ด ์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
and in fact, the very chemistry of the ocean itself is changing.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
And what that does from a security or a military part
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๋ณด์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:27
is it does three things:
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
it changes the very operating environment that we're working in,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์ „ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
it threatens our bases,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:35
and then it has geostrategic risks, which sounds kind of fancy
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๋ชฝ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ „๋žต์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
and I'll explain what I mean by that in a second.
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์ž ์‹œ ๋’ค์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:42
So let's go to just a couple examples here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
And we'll start off with what we all know
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:47
is of course a political and humanitarian catastrophe
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์ •์น˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์žฌ์•™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
02:50
that is Syria.
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
And it turns out that climate was one of the causes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
in a long chain of events.
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค ์†์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:59
It actually started back in the 1970s.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
When Assad took control over Syria,
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์•„์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:05
he decided he wanted to be self-sufficient in things like wheat and barley.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ€๊ณผ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Now, you would like to think
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์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:12
that there was somebody in Assad's office that said,
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์•„์‚ฌ๋“œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:14
"Hey boss, you know, we're in the eastern Mediterranean,
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"๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋‹˜, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ๋™๋ถ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
kind of dry here, maybe not the best idea."
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:21
But I think what happened was,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ์€
03:22
"Boss, you are a smart, powerful and handsome man. We'll get right on it."
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"๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋‹˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
And they did.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ " ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
So by the '90s, believe it or not,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋“  ์•ˆ๋ฏฟ๋“  90๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€
03:31
they were actually self-sufficient in food,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:35
but they did it at a great cost.
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ํฐ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
They did it at a cost of their aquifers,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต(์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ธต)์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
they did it at a cost of their surface water.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And of course, there are many nonclimate issues
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
that also contributed to Syria.
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:45
There was the Iraq War,
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์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
and as you can see by that lower blue line there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
03:48
over a million refugees come into the cities.
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
And then about a decade ago,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ 10์—ฌ ๋…„ ์ „์—
03:53
there's this tremendous heat wave and drought --
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํญ์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
fingerprints all over that show,
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์ง€๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด
03:59
yes, this is in fact related to the changing climate --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
has put another three quarters of a million farmers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค ์ค‘ 4๋ถ„์˜ 3์ •๋„๊ฐ€
04:05
into those same cities.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ๋” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Why? Because they had nothing.
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์™œ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
They had dust. They had dirt. They had nothing.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋จผ์ง€์™€ ํ™๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
So now they're in the cities,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
the Iraqis are in the cities,
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์ด๋ผํฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:16
it's Assad, it's not like he's taking care of his people,
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์•„์‚ฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
04:19
and all of a sudden we have just this huge issue here
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
of massive instability
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์—„์ฒญ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
04:26
and a breeding ground for extremism.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ„ฐ์ฃ .
04:28
And this is why in the security community
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š”
04:30
we call climate change a risk to instability.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
It accelerates instability here.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:36
In plain English, it makes bad places worse.
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์‰ฌ์šด ์˜์–ด๋กœ, ๋‚˜์œ ๊ณณ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
So let's go to another place here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Now we're going to go 2,000 kilometers, or about 1,200 miles, north of Oslo,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 2,000km, ์•ฝ 1,200 ๋งˆ์ผ ๊ฐˆ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
only 600 miles from the Pole,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ทน์—์„œ 600๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
04:49
and this is arguably
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด
04:51
the most strategic island you've never heard of.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ์„ฌ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
It's a place called Svalbard.
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์Šค๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
04:55
It sits astride the sea lanes
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
that the Russian Northern Fleet needs to get out and go into warmer waters.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํ•จ๋Œ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ํ•ด์—ญ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:03
It is also, by virtue of its geography,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๋•๋ถ„์—
05:06
a place where you can control every single polar orbiting satellite
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๊ทน ๊ถค๋„ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
on every orbit.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถค๋„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:10
It is the strategic high ground of space.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Climate change has greatly reduced the sea ice around here,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์˜ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:16
greatly increasing human activity,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:19
and it's becoming a flashpoint,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ผ์ด‰์ฆ‰๋ฐœ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:21
and in fact the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค NATO ์˜ํšŒ๋Š”
05:23
is going to meet here on Svalbard next month.
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๋‹ค์Œ๋‹ฌ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์Šค๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
The Russians are very, very unhappy about that.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
So if you want to find a flashpoint in the Arctic,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ์ธํ™”์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:31
look at Svalbard there.
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์Šค๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:34
Now, in the military,
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์ด์ œ, ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ
05:36
we have known for decades, if not centuries,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
that the time to prepare,
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์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
05:40
whether it's for a hurricane, a typhoon or strategic changes,
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ, ํƒœํ’ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด
05:44
is before they hit you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์—์š”.
05:46
and Admiral Nimitz was right there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ˆ๋ฏธ์ธ  ์ œ๋…์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
That is the time to prepare.
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์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Fortunately, our Secretary of Defense,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์˜
05:52
Secretary Mattis, he understands that as well,
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๋งคํ‹ฐ์Šค ์žฅ๊ด€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
and what he understands is that climate is a risk.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:58
He has said so in his written responses to Congress,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ์— ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
and he says, "As Secretary of Defense,
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"๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์„œ
06:03
it's my job to manage such risks."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:06
It's not only the US military that understands this.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€๋งŒ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:10
Many of our friends and allies in other navies and other militaries
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค๋„
06:14
have very clear-eyed views about the climate risk.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
And in fact, in 2014, I was honored to speak for a half-a-day seminar
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์ €๋Š” 2014๋…„์— ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•  ์˜๊ด‘์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
at the International Seapower Symposium
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๊ตญ์ œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:24
to 70 heads of navies about this issue.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ•ด๊ตฐ ์ˆ˜๋‡Œ๋ถ€ 70์—ฌ๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:29
So Winston Churchill is alleged to have said,
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์œˆ์Šคํ„ด ์ฒ˜์น ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
I'm not sure if he said anything, but he's alleged to have said
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
that Americans can always be counted upon to do the right thing
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ณ์€์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:39
after exhausting every other possibility.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง„ ํ›„์—๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:42
So I would argue we're still in the process
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
of exhausting every other possibility,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:46
but I do think we will prevail.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
But I need your help.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
This is my ask.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ €์˜ ๋ถ€ํƒ์ด์—์š”.
06:52
I ask not that you take your recycling out on Wednesday,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์— ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:55
but that you engage with every business leader,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—…์ƒ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:58
every technology leader, every government leader,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฆฌ๋” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฆฌ๋” ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:01
and ask them, "Ma'am, sir,
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๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” "์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜
07:04
what are you doing to stabilize the climate?"
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?"
07:07
It's just that simple.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Because when enough people care enough,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ๋•Œ
07:12
the politicians, most of whom won't lead on this issue --
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๋„
07:16
but they will be led --
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์ด๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
that will change this.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ๋” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:19
Because I can tell you, the ice doesn't care.
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์–ผ์Œ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:23
The ice doesn't care who's in the White House.
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์–ผ์Œ์€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์— ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
It doesn't care which party controls your congress.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹น์ด ์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
It doesn't care which party controls your parliament.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹น์ด ๊ตญํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:31
It just melts.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋…น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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