A new way to remove CO2 from the atmosphere | Jennifer Wilcox

523,240 views ใƒป 2018-07-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: NAYEUN KIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Four hundred parts per million:
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100๋งŒ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์˜ 400๊ฐœ
00:15
that's the approximate concentration of CO2 in the air today.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋†์ถ•๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
What does this even mean?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:22
For every 400 molecules of carbon dioxide,
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400๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:25
we have another million molecules of oxygen and nitrogen.
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100๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์งˆ์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
00:30
In this room today, there are about 1,800 of us.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— 1800๋ช…์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Imagine just one of us was wearing a green shirt,
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์ด ์ค‘์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด ๋…น์ƒ‰์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:37
and you're asked to find that single person.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
00:41
That's the challenge we're facing when capturing CO2
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌํšํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžŒ
00:44
directly out of the air.
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ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Sounds pretty easy,
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฝค ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
00:48
pulling CO2 out of the air.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
00:51
It's actually really difficult.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
00:52
But I'll tell you what is easy:
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์šด์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:54
avoiding CO2 emissions to begin with.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์š”.
00:58
But we're not doing that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:01
So now what we have to think about is going back;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
pulling CO2 back out of the air.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌํšํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
01:08
Even though it's difficult, it's actually possible to do this.
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:12
And I'm going to share with you today where this technology is at
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์–ด๋””์ฏค์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:16
and where it just may be heading in the near future.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ด๋Š ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Now, the earth naturally removes CO2 from the air
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
by seawater, soils, plants and even rocks.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ, ํ† ์–‘, ์‹๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋Œ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:29
And although engineers and scientists are doing the invaluable work
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๋น„๋ก ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
01:34
to accelerate these natural processes,
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:37
it simply won't be enough.
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
The good news is, we have more.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:42
Thanks to human ingenuity, we have the technology today
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:45
to remove CO2 out of the air
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:49
using a chemically manufactured approach.
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ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:51
I like to think of this as a synthetic forest.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ๊ณต์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
There are two basic approaches to growing or building such a forest.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
One is using CO2-grabbing chemicals dissolved in water.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ์šฉํ•ด์‹œ์ผœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:05
Another is using solid materials with CO2-grabbing chemicals.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ณ ์ฒดํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:09
No matter which approach you choose, they basically look the same.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋“  ๊ฐ„์—, ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
So what I'm showing you here is what a system might look like
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
to do just this.
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02:19
This is called an air contactor.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ‘์ด‰๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:21
You can see it has to be really, really wide
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™”ํ•ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:23
in order to have a high enough surface area
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:25
to process all of the air required,
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋„“์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:28
because remember,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
02:29
we're trying to capture just 400 molecules out of a million.
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100๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ค‘์— 400๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:34
Using the liquid-based approach to do this,
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์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ
02:37
you take this high surface area packing material,
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๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
02:39
you fill the contactor with the packing material,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ ‘์ด‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ 
02:42
you use pumps to distribute liquid across the packing material,
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ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:47
and you can use fans, as you can see in the front,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํŒฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•ž์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
02:50
to bubble the air through the liquid.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜์ฃ .
02:53
The CO2 in the air is separated [by] the liquid
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:57
by reacting with the really strong-binding CO2 molecules in solution.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™”ํ•™๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And in order to capture a lot of CO2,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณจ๋ผ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
03:06
you have to make this contactor deeper.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ‘์ด‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
03:09
But there's an optimization,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:10
because the deeper you make that contactor,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ‘์ด‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์„์ˆ˜๋ก
03:12
the more energy you're spending on bubbling all that air through.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So air contactors for direct air capture have this unique characteristic design,
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์ง์ ‘๊ณต๊ธฐํฌํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ‘์ด‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ
03:21
where they have this huge surface area, but a relatively thin thickness.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ์–‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:26
And now once you've captured the CO2,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํฌํšํ•˜๋ฉด
03:29
you have to be able to recycle that material that you used to capture it,
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์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
over and over again.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:34
The scale of carbon capture is so enormous
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ํƒ„์†Œํฌํš์€ ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:38
that the capture process must be sustainable,
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ํฌํš๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:40
and you can't use a material just once.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And so recycling the material requires an enormous amount of heat,
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์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
03:47
because think about it: CO2 is so dilute in the air,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌฝ๊ฒŒ ํฌ์„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:50
that material is binding it really strong,
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ํฌํš๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
03:53
and so you need a lot of heat in order to recycle the material.
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๊ทธ ํฌํš๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
And to recycle the material with that heat,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:00
what happens is that concentrated CO2 that you got from dilute CO2 in the air
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์— ํฌ์„๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๋†์ถ•๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€
04:05
is now released,
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:07
and you produce high-purity CO2.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์ˆœ๋„์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
04:10
And that's really important,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
04:12
because high-purity CO2 is easier to liquify,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆœ๋„์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์•ก์ฑ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
04:16
easier to transport, whether it's in a pipeline or a truck,
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์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฌ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋“  ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์—
04:19
or even easier to use directly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
04:21
say, as a fuel or a chemical.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:25
So I want to talk a little bit more about that energy.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
The heat required to regenerate or recycle these materials
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์ด ํฌํš๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋Š”
04:33
absolutely dictates the energy and the subsequent cost of doing this.
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๊ทธ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ๋น„์šฉ์— ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
So I ask a question:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:42
How much energy do you think it takes
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์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŒํ†ค์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋…„ ์•ˆ์—
04:45
to remove a million tons of CO2 from the air
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:49
in a given year?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:51
The answer is: a power plant.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
It takes a power plant to capture CO2 directly from the air.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์  ํฌํšํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:56
Depending on which approach you choose,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
04:58
the power plant could be on the order of 300 to 500 megawatts.
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๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต 300์—์„œ 500๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ์ •๋„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
And you have to be careful about what kind of power plant you choose.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
05:07
If you choose coal,
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์„ํƒ„๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋กœ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:09
you end up emitting more CO2 than you capture.
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ํฌํšํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Now let's talk about costs.
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์ด์ œ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
05:15
An energy-intensive version of this technology
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
05:18
could cost you as much as $1,000 a ton
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌํšํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋งŒ 1ํ†ค์— ์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰
05:21
just to capture it.
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์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Let's translate that.
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ํ•ด์„์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:26
If you were to take that very expensive CO2 and convert it to a liquid fuel,
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„์‹ผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ก์ฒด์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:30
that comes out to 50 dollars a gallon.
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1๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ ๋‹น 50๋ถˆ ์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:33
That's way too expensive; it's not feasible.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ง์ธ ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ˜„๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:35
So how could we bring these costs down?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:38
That's, in part, the work that I do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:41
There's a company today, a commercial-scale company,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ƒ์—…์ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:44
that can do this as low as 600 dollars a ton.
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 1ํ†ค์— 600๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:47
There are several other companies that are developing technologies
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๊ทธ์™ธ์— ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋„๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:51
that can do this even cheaper than that.
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๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
I'm going to talk to you a little bit
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์ด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:55
about a few of these different companies.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:57
One is called Carbon Engineering.
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Carbon Engineering์€
05:59
They're based out of Canada.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๋ณธ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ฃ .
06:00
They use a liquid-based approach for separation
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ก์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:03
combined with burning super-abundant, cheap natural gas
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด
06:07
to supply the heat required.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
06:10
They have a clever approach
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
06:11
that allows them to co-capture the CO2 from the air
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€
06:16
and the CO2 that they generate from burning the natural gas.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ ํฌํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
06:20
And so by doing this,
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๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
06:21
they offset excess pollution and they reduce costs.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:26
Switzerland-based Climeworks and US-based Global Thermostat
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์Šค์œ„์Šค ๋ณธ๊ฑฐ์ง€์ธ Climeworks์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ Global Themostat์€
06:30
use a different approach.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
They use solid materials for capture.
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๊ณ ์ฒด๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํฌํšํ•˜์ฃ .
06:34
Climeworks uses heat from the earth,
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Climeworks๋Š” ๋Œ€์ง€์˜ ์—ด์ด๋‚˜
06:37
or geothermal,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:38
or even excess steam from other industrial processes
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
06:41
to cut down on pollution and costs.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
06:44
Global Thermostat takes a different approach.
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Global Thermostat์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
They focus on the heat required
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ด๊ธฐ์™€
06:49
and the speed in which it moves through the material
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ํฌํš๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์†๋„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:53
so that they're able to release and produce that CO2
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์„
06:58
at a really fast rate,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:00
which allows them to have a more compact design
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
07:03
and overall cheaper costs.
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And there's more still.
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์•„์ง ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
A synthetic forest has a significant advantage over a real forest: size.
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์กฐํ˜•์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚˜์€ ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ: ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
This next image that I'm showing you is a map of the Amazon rainforest.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์กด ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
The Amazon is capable of capturing 1.6 billion tons of CO2 each year.
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์•„๋งˆ์กด ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์€ ๋งค๋…„ 1.6๋งŒ ํ†ค์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
This is the equivalent of roughly 25 percent
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต 25%๋กœ
07:28
of our annual emissions in the US.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ฃ .
07:31
The land area required for a synthetic forest
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์กฐํ˜•์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง์ ‘ํƒ„์†Œ์ถ”์ถœ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€
07:33
or a manufactured direct air capture plant
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๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ
07:36
to capture the same
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•…์€
07:37
is 500 times smaller.
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500๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
In addition, for a synthetic forest,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ˜•์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:44
you don't have to build it on arable land,
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๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:47
so there's no competition with farmland or food,
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๋†์ง€๋‚˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:51
and there's also no reason to have to cut down any real trees
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์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ผ ํ•„์š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:56
to do this.
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:58
I want to step back,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฐœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
08:00
and I want to bring up the concept of negative emissions again.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์—ญ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Negative emissions require that the CO2 separated
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ํƒ„์†Œ์—ญ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€
08:07
be permanently removed from the atmosphere forever,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:12
which means putting it back underground,
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๊ทธ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋•…์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด
08:15
where it came from in the first place.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ณณ์— ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
08:17
But let's face it, nobody gets paid to do that today --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด, ์ด ์ผ์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ˆ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
08:21
at least not enough.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์ฃ .
08:23
So the companies that are developing these technologies
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
08:26
are actually interested in taking the CO2
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์ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:29
and making something useful out of it, a marketable product.
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์‹œ์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์“ธ๋ชจ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:32
It could be liquid fuels, plastics
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์•ก์ฒด์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ
08:35
or even synthetic gravel.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ž๊ฐˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
08:38
And don't get me wrong -- these carbon markets are great.
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์˜คํ•ด๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ์ด ํƒ„์†Œ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
But I also don't want you to be disillusioned.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜์ƒ์„ ๊นจํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
08:45
These are not large enough to solve our climate crisis,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ์—
08:49
and so what we need to do is we need to actually think about
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
what it could take.
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08:54
One thing I'll absolutely say is positive about the carbon markets
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ธ์ •์„ฑ์ด
08:58
is that they allow for new capture plants to be built,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํฌํš๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:03
and with every capture plant built,
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์ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:04
we learn more.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:06
And when we learn more,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:07
we have an opportunity to bring costs down.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:11
But we also need to be willing to invest
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์„œ
09:15
as a global society.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
We could have all of the clever thinking and technology in the world,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๋„
09:21
but it's not going to be enough
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด
09:23
in order for this technology to have a significant impact on climate.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
We really need regulation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๊ทœ์ œ์™€
09:30
we need subsidies,
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๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ
09:32
taxes on carbon.
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ํƒ„์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
There are a few of us that would absolutely be willing to pay more,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์„ ๋œป ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋” ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ
09:39
but what will be required
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:41
is for carbon-neutral, carbon-negative paths
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ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ์—ญ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
09:44
to be affordable for the majority of society
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์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ
09:47
in order to impact climate.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
In addition to those kinds of investments,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
09:52
we also need investments in research and development.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋„ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
So what might that look like?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:57
In 1966, the US invested about a half a percent of gross domestic product
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1996๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„
10:04
in the Apollo program.
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์•„ํด๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
It got people safely to the moon
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
10:09
and back to the earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Half a percent of GDP today is about 100 billion dollars.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ 100๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
10:15
So knowing that direct air capture
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ง์ ‘๊ณต๊ธฐํฌํš ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
10:18
is one front in our fight against climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ๋•Œ,
10:21
imagine that we could invest 20 percent, 20 billion dollars.
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๊ทธ 20%, ์ฆ‰ 20๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:25
Further, let's imagine that we could get the costs down
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ, ๊ทธ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
10:28
to a 100 dollars a ton.
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1ํ†ค์— 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
That's going to be hard, but it's part of what makes my job fun.
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์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:35
And so what does that look like,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ 20๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ,
10:37
20 billion dollars,100 dollars a ton?
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1ํ†ค์— 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
10:39
That requires us to build 200 synthetic forests,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 200๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์„ ์„ธ์šธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,\
10:42
each capable of capturing a million tons of CO2 per year.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค๋…„ 1๋งŒํ†ค์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
That adds up to about five percent of US annual emissions.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 5% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
It doesn't sound like much.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
10:55
Turns out, it's actually significant.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
If you look at the emissions associated with long-haul trucking
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์žฅ๊ธฐํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์—…๋น„ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ
11:00
and commercial aircraft,
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
11:02
they add up to about five percent.
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5%์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Our dependence on liquid fuels makes these emissions
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์•ก์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์‹ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„
11:09
really difficult to avoid.
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
So this investment could absolutely be significant.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Now, what would it take in terms of land area to do this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ์ผ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์œก์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
11:20
200 plants?
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200๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด?
11:22
It turns out that they would take up about half the land area of Vancouver.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ๋•…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
That's if they were fueled by natural gas.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
11:28
But remember the downside of natural gas -- it also emits CO2.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
11:33
So if you use natural gas to do direct air capture,
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์ง์ ‘๊ณต๊ธฐํฌํš ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
11:36
you only end up capturing about a third of what's intended,
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๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค 3๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋” ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:40
unless you have that clever approach of co-capture
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋™์‹œํฌํš๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
11:42
that Carbon Engineering does.
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Carbon Engiuneering์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:45
And so if we had an alternative approach
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด
11:47
and used wind or solar to do this,
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ํ’๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:50
the land area would be about 15 times larger,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•…์˜ ์–‘์€ 15๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”,
11:53
looking at the state of New Jersey now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋‰ด์ ธ์ง€์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
11:56
One of the things that I think about in my work and my research
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Š˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
11:59
is optimizing and figuring out where we should put these plants
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ๊ณณ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:03
and think about the local resources available --
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์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž์›
12:06
whether it's land, water, cheap and clean electricity --
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๋•…, ์ˆ˜๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:10
because, for instance, you can use clean electricity
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:12
to split water to produce hydrogen,
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:15
which is an excellent, carbon-free replacement for natural gas,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
12:19
to supply the heat required.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:22
But I want us to reflect a little bit again on negative emissions.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ์—ญ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋”์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Negative emissions should not be considered a silver bullet,
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ํƒ„์†Œ์—ญ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๋ฌ˜์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
but they may help us if we continue to stall
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋„์›€์€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„
12:32
at cutting down on CO2 pollution worldwide.
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์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:36
But that's also why we have to be careful.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
This approach is so alluring that it can even be risky,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ด๊ธฐ์— ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:42
as some may cling onto it as some kind of total solution to our climate crisis.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ธ๋ƒฅ ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:47
It may tempt people to continue to burn fossil fuels 24 hours a day,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„, 1๋…„ 365์ผ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก
12:53
365 days a year.
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์žฅ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
I argue that we should not see negative emissions
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์ €๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์—ญ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์•„์˜ˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
as a replacement for stopping pollution,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:00
but rather, as an addition to an existing portfolio that includes everything,
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๋Œ€์‹ , ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด
13:06
from increased energy efficiency
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:08
to low-energy carbon
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์ € ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋‚˜
13:10
to improved farming --
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๋†๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
13:11
will all collectively get us on a path to net-zero emissions one day.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋กœํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ๋‚ ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
A little bit of self-reflection:
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
13:20
my husband is an emergency physician.
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์ œ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ์‘๊ธ‰์˜ํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
13:23
And I find myself amazed by the lifesaving work
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๊ทธ์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„
13:27
that he and his colleagues do each and every day.
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๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Š˜ ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
Yet when I talk to them about my work on carbon capture,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œํฌํš์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
13:35
I find that they're equally amazed,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ €๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:37
and that's because combatting climate change by capturing carbon
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œํฌํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด
13:42
isn't just about saving a polar bear
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:44
or a glacier.
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๋น™ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:45
It's about saving human lives.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
A synthetic forest may not ever be as pretty as a real one,
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์กฐํ˜•์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋งŒํผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
13:54
but it could just enable us to preserve not only the Amazon,
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์•„๋งˆ์กด์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
but all of the people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๊นŒ๋Š”
14:00
that we love and cherish,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
14:02
as well as all of our future generations
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ธ๋Œ€,
14:07
and modern civilization.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:08
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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