Economic growth has stalled. Let's fix it | Dambisa Moyo

89,364 views ・ 2016-02-29

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hansol Ryu κ²€ν† : Jessica Park
00:13
Our ability to create and sustain economic growth
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κ²½μ œκ°€ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό μ§€μ†μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°–μΆ”λŠ” 것은
00:18
is the defining challenge of our time.
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우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ λ„μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Of course there are other challenges --
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³Όμ œλ“€λ„ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
health care, disease burdens and pandemics,
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건강 관리, μ§ˆλ³‘ λΆ€λ‹΄, 전세계적 μœ ν–‰λ³‘, ν™˜κ²½ 문제,
00:26
environmental challenges
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00:29
and, of course, radicalized terrorism.
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그리고 급진적 ν…ŒλŸ¬λ¦¬μ¦˜λ„ λ¬Όλ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
However,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 경제 μ„±μž₯ 문제λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ— ν•œν•΄μ„œ
00:34
to the extent that we can actually solve the economic growth challenge,
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00:38
it will take us a long way
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μ œκ°€ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦° 도전듀을 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
to solving the challenges that I've just elucidated.
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00:43
More importantly,
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더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은,
00:45
unless and until we solve economic growth
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경제 μ„±μž₯ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ 
00:49
and create sustainable, long-term economic growth,
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지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μž₯기적인 경제 μ„±μž₯을 이루지 μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ
00:53
we'll be unable to address
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  전세계에 λ§Œμ—°ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έμ œλ“€λ„
00:56
the seemingly intractable challenges that continue to pervade the globe today,
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
whether it's health care, education or economic development.
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그것이 건강 관리이든, κ΅μœ‘μ΄λ‚˜ 경제 κ°œλ°œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λ“ μš”.
01:06
The fundamental question is this:
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근본적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
How are we going to create economic growth
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λ―Έκ΅­μ΄λ‚˜ 유럽처럼
선진적이고 λ°œλ‹¬λœ 경제 μ²΄μ œκ°€
01:12
in advanced and developed economies like the United States and across Europe
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금육 μœ„κΈ° μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 경제 μ„±μž₯에 지속적인 문제λ₯Ό κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” 이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ
01:16
at a time when they continue to struggle
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01:18
to create economic growth after the financial crisis?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 경제 μ„±μž₯을 이룰 것인가?
01:22
They continue to underperform
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이듀 κ²½μ œλŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ κΈ°λŒ€μ— λͺ» 미치고 있으며
01:25
and to see an erosion in the three key drivers of economic growth:
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경제 μ„±μž₯에 핡심적인 μ„Έ 가지 동λ ₯에도 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ§€μ†λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
capital, labor and productivity.
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자본, 노동, 그리고 생산성 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
In particular,
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특히
01:35
these developed economies continue to see debts and deficits,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 선진 κ²½μ œλŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 빚과 적자λ₯Ό κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
the decline and erosion of both the quality and quantity of labor
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노동은 질적인 λ©΄κ³Ό 양적인 λ©΄ λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ κ°μ†Œ 및 쇠퇴λ₯Ό 이어가고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
and they also see productivity stalling.
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생산성 λ˜ν•œ μ •μ²΄λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
In a similar vein,
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ,
01:50
how are we going to create economic growth in the emerging markets,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ ν₯μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 경제 μ„±μž₯을 이룰 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:53
where 90 percent of the world's population lives
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μ „ 세계 인ꡬ의 90%κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  있으며
01:57
and where, on average,
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λ˜ν•œ ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ
01:58
70 percent of the population is under the age of 25?
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25μ‚΄ μ΄ν•˜μΈ 인ꡬ가 70%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
In these countries,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κ³ ,
02:04
it is essential that they grow at a minimum of seven percent a year
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ν•œ μ„ΈλŒ€ μ•ˆμ— 1인당 μ†Œλ“μ„ 두 배둜 늘리기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
02:08
in order to put a dent in poverty
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02:10
and to double per capita incomes in one generation.
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적어도 일년에 7%μ”© μ„±μž₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
And yet today,
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거기에 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ‹ ν₯ 경제,
02:16
the largest emerging economies --
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02:18
countries with at least 50 million people --
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적어도 5천만이 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ—μ„œλ„
02:21
continue to struggle to reach that seven percent magic mark.
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뢄기점인 7%에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 데에 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 어렀움을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Worse than that,
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보닀 λ‚˜μœ 점은,
02:27
countries like India, Russia, South Africa, Brazil and even China
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인도, λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„, 남아프리카, 브라질, 심지어 쀑ꡭ 같은 λ‚˜λΌλ„
02:31
are falling below that seven percent number
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 7% μ„  μ•„λž˜λ‘œ 떨어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
and, in many cases, actually regressing.
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그리고 λ§Žμ€ 경우, μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” ν‡΄λ³΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Economic growth matters.
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경제 μ„±μž₯은 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
With economic growth,
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경제 μ„±μž₯이 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ ꡭ가와 μ‚¬νšŒλŠ”
02:41
countries and societies enter into a virtuous cycle
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계측 μƒμŠΉκ³Ό 기회, 그리고 μƒν™œ μˆ˜μ€€ ν–₯μƒμ˜ μ„ μˆœν™˜μ„ μ΄λ£Ήλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
of upward mobility, opportunity and improved living standards.
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02:51
Without growth, countries contract and atrophy,
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μ„±μž₯ μ—†μ΄λŠ” κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μˆ˜μΆ•λ˜κ³  μœ„μΆ•λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
not just in the annals of economic statistics
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경제 ν†΅κ³„μ˜ 연보 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:58
but also in the meaning of life and how lives are lived.
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μ‚Άμ˜ 의미, 그리고 μ–΄λ–€ 삢을 μ‚¬λŠ”κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Economic growth matters powerfully for the individual.
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경제 μ„±μž₯은 각 κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
If growth wanes,
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μ„±μž₯이 쀄어듀면
03:08
the risk to human progress
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인λ₯˜ 진보에 λŒ€ν•œ μœ„ν—˜μ„±κ³Ό
03:10
and the risk of political and social instability rises,
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μ •μΉ˜μ , μ‚¬νšŒμ  λΆˆμ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
and societies become dimmer, coarser and smaller.
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λ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” μ–΄λ‘μ›Œμ§€κ³ , 거칠어지며 μž‘μ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
The context matters.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황은 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
And countries in emerging markets
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λ˜ν•œ μ‹ ν₯ μ‹œμž₯에 μ†ν•˜λŠ” ꡭ가듀은
03:23
do not need to grow at the same rates as developed countries.
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선진ꡭ듀과 같은 λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ μ„±μž₯ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
Now, I know some of you in this room find this to be a risky proposition.
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ€‘μ—λŠ” 이것이 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž„μ„ μ•„μ‹  뢄듀이 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
There are some people here
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μ–΄λ–€ 뢄듀은
03:36
who will turn around and be quite disillusioned
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 보고
03:39
by what's happened around the world
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그런 것에 ν™˜λ©Έκ°μ„ λŠλΌμ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
and basically ascribe that to economic growth.
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그리고 κ·Έ 원인을 기본적으둜 경제 μ„±μž₯의 νƒ“μœΌλ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
You worry about the overpopulation of the planet.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 우리 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ 인ꡬ κ³Όμž‰μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
And looking at the UN's recent statistics and projections
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λ˜ν•œ UN의 졜근 톡계와 μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ„ 보면
03:50
that the world will have 11 billion people on the planet
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인ꡬ μ¦κ°€μ˜ 정체기인 2100λ…„ 이전에
03:53
before it plateaus in 2100,
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지ꡬ μƒμ˜ μΈκ΅¬λŠ” 110μ–΅ λͺ…에 달할 것이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
you're concerned about what that does to natural resources --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일이 μ²œμ—° μžμ›μ— λ―ΈμΉ  영ν–₯을 κ±±μ •ν•˜μ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
arable land, potable water, energy and minerals.
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κ²½μž‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ•…, λ§ˆμ‹€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Ό, μ—λ„ˆμ§€, κ΄‘λ¬Ό 같은 것듀 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
You are also concerned about the degradation of the environment.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν™˜κ²½ 악화에도 관심이 μžˆμœΌμ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
And you worry about how man,
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λ˜ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
04:11
embodied in the corporate globalist,
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세계적 기업에 μ†ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
04:14
has become greedy and corrupt.
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νƒμš•μŠ€λŸ½κ³  λΆ€νŒ¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
But I'm here to tell you today that economic growth
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 경제 μ„±μž₯이
04:21
has been the backbone of changes in living standards
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μ „ 세계 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ μƒν™œ μˆ˜μ€€ 변화에
쀑좔적인 역할을 ν•΄μ˜€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
of millions of people around the world.
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04:27
And more importantly,
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더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
04:29
it's not just economic growth that has been driven by capitalism.
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ΄λŒμ–΄ κ°€λŠ” 것이 단지 경제 μ„±μž₯만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
The definition of capitalism, very simply put,
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자본주의의 μ •μ˜λŠ”, 맀우 κ°„λž΅νžˆ 말해
04:39
is that the factors of production,
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μƒμ‚°μ˜ μš”μ†Œλ“€, 이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄
04:41
such as trade and industry, capital and labor,
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무역과 μ‚°μ—…, 자본, 노동이
04:45
are left in the hands of the private sector and not the state.
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ λ―Όκ°„ 뢀문에 맑겨져 μžˆμŒμ„ λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
It's really essential here that we understand
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이 μ§€μ μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ 사싀을 이해해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
that fundamentally the critique is not for economic growth per se
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즉 λΉ„νŒμ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ λ˜λŠ” 것은 근본적으둜 경제 μ„±μž₯ κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
but what has happened to capitalism.
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04:59
And to the extent that we need to create economic growth over the long term,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž₯기적인 경제 μ„±μž₯을 이루어야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ
05:03
we're going to have to pursue it with a better form of economic stance.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 경제적 νƒœλ„λ‘œ 그것을 좔ꡬ해야할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
Economic growth needs capitalism,
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경제 μ„±μž₯μ—λŠ” μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
but it needs it to work properly.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
And as I mentioned a moment ago,
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μ œκ°€ 방금 전에 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ˜ 것 처럼
05:17
the core of the capitalist system has been defined by private actors.
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자본주의 체제의 핡심은 사적인 ν–‰μœ„μžλ“€λ‘œ κ·œμ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
And even this, however, is a very simplistic dichotomy.
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그런데 심지어 이것 쑰차도 맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ΄λΆ„λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
Capitalism: good; non-capitalism: bad.
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜λŠ” 쒋은 것, μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ‚˜μœ 것.
05:31
When in practical experience,
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μ‹€μ œ μ²΄ν—˜ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œλŠ”
05:33
capitalism is much more of a spectrum.
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μ—λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 정도가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
And we have countries such as China,
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쀑ꡭ 같은 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
05:38
which have practiced more state capitalism,
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κ΅­κ°€ 자본주의 체제이며
05:41
and we have countries like the Unites States
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λ―Έκ΅­ 같은 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
05:43
which are more market capitalist.
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μ’€ 더 μ‹œμž₯ μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
Our efforts to critique the capitalist system, however,
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그런데 자본주의 체제λ₯Ό λΉ„νŒν•˜λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯은
05:48
have tended to focus on countries like China
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쀑ꡭ 같은 λ‚˜λΌμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
that are in fact not blatantly market capitalism.
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그런데 사싀 이 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€ 그닀지 μ‹œμž₯ 자본주의 μ²΄μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
However, there is a real reason and real concern
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그런데 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 이제 관심을 쑰금 더 μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μ—
05:59
for us to now focus our attentions on purer forms of capitalism,
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μ§‘μ€‘μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ§„μ§œ μ΄μœ μ™€ μ§„μ§œ 고민이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
particularly those embodied by the United States.
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특히 λ―Έκ΅­ μ²΄μ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
This is really important
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맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
because this type of capitalism
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€
06:11
has increasingly been afforded the critique
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λΉ„νŒμ„ λ°›κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
that it is now fostering corruption
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό μ‘°μž₯ν•˜κ³  있으며
06:17
and, worse still,
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λ˜ν•œ 더 λ‚˜μ˜κ²ŒλŠ”
06:18
it's increasing income inequality --
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μ†Œλ“ λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λΉ„νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
the idea that the few are benefiting at the expense of the many.
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λ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν¬μƒμ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ†Œμˆ˜κ°€ 이득을 μ–»κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ΄€μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
The two really critical questions that we need to address
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  두 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
06:32
is how can we fix capitalism
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 자본주의λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•΄μ•Ό
06:34
so that it can help create economic growth
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 경제 μ„±μž₯을 뢈러였되
06:37
but at the same time can help to address social ills.
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λ™μ‹œμ— μ‚¬νšŒ 문제 λ˜ν•œ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
In order to think about that framing, we have to ask ourselves,
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이 ν‹€μ—μ„œ 생각해 보기 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜 λ‹€μŒμ„ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•΄ 봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
how does capitalism work today?
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ°€?
06:47
Very simplistically,
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맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ²Œ 말해,
06:49
capitalism is set on the basis of an individual utility maximizer --
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜λŠ” 개인의 νš¨μš©μ„ κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ μ„€μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
a selfish individual who goes after what he or she wants.
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이기적인 개인이 μžμ‹ μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
And only after they've maximized their utility
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그리고 개인이 μžμ‹ μ˜ νš¨μš©μ„ μ΅œλŒ€ν™”ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ§Œ
07:03
do they then decide it's important
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그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬νšŒ κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ—κ²Œ
07:05
to provide support to other social contracts.
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도움을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
Of course, in this system governments do tax,
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λ¬Όλ‘  이 μ²΄μ œμ—μ„œ κ΅­κ°€λŠ” μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ λΆ€κ³Όν•˜λ©°,
07:12
and they use part of their revenues to fund social programs,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„Έμž…μ˜ 일뢀λ₯Ό μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— νˆ¬μžν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
recognizing that government's role is not just regulation
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ 역할이 규제만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:19
but also to be arbiter of social goods.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  μž¬ν™”μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ€‘μž¬μžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 역할도 있음 μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
But nevertheless,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 체제,
07:24
this framework --
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07:26
this two-stage framework --
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두 단계λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 체제λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
07:28
is the basis from which we must now start
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이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 자본주의 λͺ¨λΈμ„
07:30
to think about how we can improve the capitalist model.
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κ°œμ„ ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ 생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
I would argue that there are two sides to this challenge.
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 도전에 두 가지 츑면이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
First of all,
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ €, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 자본주의λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•  지 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬
07:38
we can draw on the right-wing policies
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07:41
to see what could be beneficial for us
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우읡 μ •μ±…μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ
07:43
to think about how we can improve capitalism.
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무엇이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 이득이 λ˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
In particular,
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특히, 우읡 μ„±ν–₯의 정책듀은
07:47
right-leaning policies
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07:49
have tended to focus on things like conditional transfers,
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쑰건뢀 지급 같은 것듀에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
where we pay and reward people for doing the things
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜λ„λ‘ λˆμ„ μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜ 상을 μ£ΌλŠ” 방법인데,
이것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 경제 μ„±μž₯을 μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 데에 도움이 되라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
that we actually think can help enhance economic growth.
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07:59
For example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄μ„œ,
08:00
sending children to school,
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아이듀을 학ꡐ에 보내면
08:02
parents could earn money for that,
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λΆ€λͺ¨λŠ” 그에 λŒ€ν•΄ λˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
or getting their children inoculated or immunized,
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ν˜Ήμ€ 아이듀을 μ ‘μ’…ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 예방 주사λ₯Ό λ§žλ„λ‘ ν•˜λ©΄
08:08
parents could get paid for doing that.
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κ·Έ 일을 ν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ λˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
Now, quite apart from the debate
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이제, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일듀을
08:12
on whether or not we should be paying people
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ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬,
08:14
to do what we think they should do anyway,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λˆμ„ μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όλž€κ³ΌλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ³„κ°œλ‘œ
08:17
the fact of the matter is that pay for performance
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싀적에 λŒ€ν•΄ λˆμ„ μ£ΌλŠ” 것이
08:20
has actually yielded some positive results
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ 긍정적인 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ 것이 μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
in places like Mexico,
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그것은 λ©•μ‹œμ½”λ‚˜ 브라질,
08:24
in Brazil
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08:26
and also in pilot programs in New York.
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λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹œν—˜μ μΈ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
But there are also benefits
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쒌읡 μ„±ν–₯의 μ •μ±…μ—μ„œλ„
08:31
and significant changes underway on left-leaning policies.
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μž₯점과 μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
Arguments that government should expand its role and responsibility
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ κ·Έ μ—­ν• κ³Ό μ±…μž„μ„ λŠ˜λ €μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°,
08:40
so that it's not so narrowly defined
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 쒁은 의미둜 μ •μ˜λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:42
and that government should be much more of an arbiter
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생산 μš”μ†Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ€‘μž¬μžμ˜ μ—­ν• μ—μ„œ
08:44
of the factors of production
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°„ 것이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ£Όμž₯은
08:46
have become commonplace with the success of China.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 성곡과 ν•¨κ»˜ 보편적인 것이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
But also we've started to have debates
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Όκ°„ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ 역할을
08:51
about how the role of the private sector
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λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
should move away from just being a profit motive
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 이윀 μΆ”κΈ° λ™κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ„œ
08:56
and really be more engaged in the delivery of social programs.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ 전달에 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
Things like the corporate social responsibility programs,
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κΈ°μ—…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ±…μž„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 같은 것듀은
09:03
albeit small in scale,
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비둝 μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μΌμ§€λΌλ„,
09:05
are moving in that right direction.
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ λ°©ν–₯으둜 움직이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Of course, left-leaning policies have also tended to blur the lines
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 쒌읡 μ„±ν–₯의 정책듀에도
정뢀와 NGO, λ―Όκ°„ λΆ€λ¬Έ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 경계선이 ν¬λ―Έν•΄μ§€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
between government, NGOs and private sector.
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09:16
Two very good examples of this are the 19th-century United States,
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ 두 가지 쒋은 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ 19μ„ΈκΈ° λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”
09:20
when the infrastructure rollout
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기반 μ‹œμ„€ 건섀이
09:22
was really about public-private partnerships.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ μ •λΆ€-λ―Όκ°„ ν˜‘λ ₯에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
More recently, of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘  더 μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ μΆœν˜„μœΌλ‘œ 말미암아
09:27
the advent of the Internet has also proven to the world
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더 λ‚˜μ€ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 정뢀와 민간이 ν•¨κ»˜ 일할 수 있음이 증λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
that public and private can work together for the betterment of society.
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09:36
My fundamental message to you is this:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ „ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 근본적인 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
We cannot continue to try and solve the world economic growth challenges
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λ…λ‹¨μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆν•„μš”ν•˜κ²Œ 이념적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
09:44
by being dogmatic and being unnecessarily ideological.
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세계 경제 μ„±μž₯ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
In order to create sustainable, long-term economic growth
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지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©° μž₯기적인 경제 μ„±μž₯을 이루기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”,
09:53
and solve the challenges and social ills that continue to plague the world today,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 도전과 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  세계λ₯Ό λ³‘λ“€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
09:57
we're going to have to be more broad-minded
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μ–΄λ–€ 방법이 효과λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Όμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
10:00
about what might work.
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보닀 넓은 λ§ˆμŒμ„ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
Ultimately,
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ꢁ극적으둜,
10:03
we have to recognize that ideology is the enemy of growth.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이념이 경제 μ„±μž₯의 μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 깨달아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:15
Bruno Giussani: I want to ask a couple of questions, Dambisa,
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λΈŒλ£¨λ…Έ κΈ°μ‚¬λ‹ˆ: 두 가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 말에 λŒ€ν•΄
10:18
because one could react to your last sentence
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μ„±μž₯ λ˜ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 이념이라고 말할 수 μžˆμ„ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
by saying growth is also an ideology,
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우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 지배 이념일 수 μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
10:22
it's possibly the dominant ideology of our times.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:24
What do you say to those who react that way?
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10:26
DM: Well, I think that that's completely legitimate,
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담비사: μ •λ‹Ήν•œ μ£Όμž₯이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이미 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
and I think that we're already having that discussion.
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10:31
There's a lot of work going on around happiness
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 성곡을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν–‰λ³΅μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈ‘μ • μ§€ν‘œλ“€,
10:33
and other metrics being used for measuring people's success
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그리고 μƒν™œ μˆ˜μ€€ ν–₯상에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλ„
10:37
and improvements in living standards.
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λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬ가 이루어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
And so I think that we should be open
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μƒν™œ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€κ³  μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λΉˆκ³€μ„ 쀄여 λ‚˜κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬
10:41
to what could deliver improvements in people's living standards
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 방법을 μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬
10:44
and continue to reduce poverty around the world.
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더 μ—΄λ¦° μ‹œκ°μ„ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
BG: So you're basically pleading for rehabilitating growth,
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λΈŒλ£¨λ…Έ: κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ κ·Όλ³Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ„±μž₯을 νšŒλ³΅μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ λ§μ”€μ΄μ‹œκ΅°μš”.
그런데 그것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
10:49
but the only way for that happen
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10:51
without compromising the capacity of the earth,
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지ꡬ가 μˆ˜μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό μœ„νƒœλ‘­κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 방법,
10:53
to take us on a long journey,
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성곡할 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 방법은
10:54
is for economic growth
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경제 μ„±μž₯을
10:56
somehow to decouple from the underlying use of resources.
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κ·Έ κΈ°λ°˜μ— μžˆλŠ” μžμ› μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  λΆ„λ¦¬ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것인 λ“― ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
Do you see that happening?
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그것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이루어지고 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
11:00
DM: Well, I think that I'm more optimistic about human ability and ingenuity.
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담비사: 음, μ €λŠ” 인λ₯˜μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ°½μ˜μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 낙관적인 νŽΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
I think if we start to constrain ourselves
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λ§Œμ•½μ— μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”
11:07
using the finite, scarce and depleting resources
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μœ ν•œν•˜κ³  λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ©°, κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μžμ›μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μžˆμ–΄
11:10
that we know today,
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우리 슀슀둜 μ œμ•½μ„ 두기 μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
11:11
we could get quite negative
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λ§Žμ€ 거뢀에 λΆ€λ”ͺ힐 수 있고,
11:13
and quite concerned about the way the world is.
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세상이 λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ” 방식에 λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ €ν•˜κ²Œ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
However, we've seen the Club of Rome,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 둜마 ν΄λŸ½λ„ 있고,
11:17
we've seen previous claims
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세계가 μžμ› 뢀쑱을 κ²ͺ을 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ”
11:20
that the world would be running out of resources,
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μ΄μ „μ˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ£Όμž₯도 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
11:22
and it's not to argue that those things are not valid.
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μ €λŠ” 이듀이 μœ νš¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” μ£Όμž₯을 ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν™œμš©ν•  수 있죠.
11:25
But I think, with ingenuity we could see desalination,
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11:27
I think we could reinvest in energy,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ‹΄μˆ˜ν™” κΈ°μˆ λ„ 있고, μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ— μž¬νˆ¬μžν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
so that we can actually get better outcomes.
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그럼으둜써 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
And so in that sense,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ
11:33
I'm much more optimistic about what humans can do.
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ‚™κ΄€μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
BG: The thing that strikes me
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λΈŒλ£¨λ…Έ: μ„±μž₯을 νšŒλ³΅μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것과 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°©ν–₯을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ
11:37
about your proposals for rehabilitating growth
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11:40
and taking a different direction
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ£Όμž₯이 μ œκ²ŒλŠ” 마치
11:42
is that you're kind of suggesting to fix capitalism with more capitalism --
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λ”ν•œ 자본주의둜 자본주의λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ¦¬ν•˜κ² λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” λŠλ‚ŒμΈλ°μš”,
11:47
with putting a price tag on good behavior as incentive
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쒋은 행동에 λŒ€ν•œ λ³΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ 행동에 κ°€κ²©ν‘œλ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
11:50
or developing a bigger role for business in social issues.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ¬Έμ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 사업에 더 큰 역할을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
11:54
Is that what you're suggesting?
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 것이 λ§žλ‚˜μš”?
11:56
DM: I'm suggesting we have to be open-minded.
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담비사: μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ—΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
I think it is absolutely the case
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μ €λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 상황이 μ™„μ „νžˆ
12:00
that traditional models of economic growth
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경제 μ„±μž₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 전톡적인 λͺ¨λΈμ΄
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” λ°” λŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 경우라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
are not working the way we would like them to.
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12:05
And I think it's no accident
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그리고 μ €λŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ 사싀이 μš°μ—°μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
that today the largest economy in the world, the United States,
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 경제 체제인 미ꡭ은
12:11
has democracy,
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민주주의 μ²΄μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
liberal democracy, as it's core political stance
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핡심적인 μ •μΉ˜μ  μž…μž₯이 자유 민주주의 체제이고
12:15
and it has free market capitalism --
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자유 μ‹œμž₯ 자본주의λ₯Ό μ±„νƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
to the extent that it is free --
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자유라고 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλŠ”μš”.
12:19
free market capitalism as its economic stance.
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미ꡭ의 경제적 μž…μž₯은 자유 μ‹œμž₯ 자본주의죠.
12:21
The second largest economy is China.
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두 번째둜 큰 경제 μ²΄μ œλŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
It has deprioritized democracy
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ν›„μˆœμœ„ 민주주의 체제이며
12:25
and it has state capitalism, which is a completely different model.
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κ΅­κ°€ 자본주의죠. μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
These two countries, completely different political models
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이듀 두 λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ •μΉ˜ λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό
12:31
and completely different economic models,
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 경제 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
12:33
and yet they have the same income inequality number
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μ†Œλ“ λΆ„λ°° λΆˆν‰λ“± μˆ˜μ€€μ€ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
measured as a Gini coefficient.
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μ§€λ‹ˆ κ³„μˆ˜λ‘œ μΈ‘μ •λ˜μ£ .
12:37
I think those are the debates we should have,
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μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이런 점에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν† λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
because it's not clear at all
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•΄
12:42
what model we should be adopting,
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μ „ν˜€ λͺ…λ°±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
12:43
and I think there needs to be much more discourse
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 μ•Œκ³ , 무엇을 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ”지에 κ΄€ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 담둠이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©°,
12:46
and much more humility about what we know and what we don't know.
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더 κ²Έμ†ν•œ νƒœλ„λ‘œ μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
BG: One last question. The COP21 is going on in Paris.
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λΈŒλ£¨λ…Έ: λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŒŒλ¦¬μ—μ„œ 제 21μ°¨ 당사ꡭ μ΄νšŒκ°€ 열리고 μžˆλŠ”λ°
12:53
If you could send a tweet
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λͺ¨λ“  ꡭ가와 λŒ€ν‘œλ‹¨μ˜ μ±…μž„μžμ—κ²Œ
12:54
to all the heads of state and heads of delegations there,
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λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό 전달할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
12:57
what would you say?
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μ–΄λ–€ 말을 ν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:59
DM: Again, I would be very much about being open-minded.
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담비사: λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번, μ €λŠ” λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ—¬λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•Œκ³  계신 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μ•ˆλ“€μ€
13:02
As you're aware,
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13:03
the issues around the environmental concerns
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ν˜„μž¬ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ°¨λ‘€ μ•ˆκ±΄μ— μ˜¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
have been on the agenda many times now --
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13:07
in Copenhagen, '72 in Stockholm --
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μ½”νŽœν•˜κ²μ—μ„œλ„, 1972λ…„ μŠ€ν†‘ν™€λ¦„μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
13:09
and we keep revisiting these issues
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬μ•ˆλ“€μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
partly because there is not a fundamental agreement,
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근본적인 ν•©μ˜κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것이 κ·Έ 이유 쀑 μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
in fact there's a schism
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 선진ꡭ이 λ―ΏλŠ” 바와 μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ°”,
13:16
between what the developed countries believe and want
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그리고 μ‹ ν₯μ‹œμž₯ κ΅­κ°€ μͺ½μ—μ„œ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ°” 사이에 뢄립이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
and what emerging market countries want.
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13:21
Emerging market countries need to continue to create economic growth
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μ‹ ν₯μ‹œμž₯ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ •μΉ˜μ  λΆˆμ•ˆμ΄ μ—†μœΌλ €λ©΄
13:25
so that we don't have political uncertainty in the those countries.
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이듀은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 경제 μ„±μž₯을 이루어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
Developed countries recognize
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선진ꡭ듀은 이듀 ꡭ가에
13:30
that they have a real, important responsibility
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μ •λ§λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:33
not only just to manage their CO2 emissions
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ±…μž„μ΄λž€ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœμ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
13:35
and some of the degradation that they're contributing to the world,
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세계 ν™˜κ²½ 악화에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 일뢀 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
but also as trendsetters in R&D.
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연ꡬ 개발의 선두 μ£Όμžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 역할도 있죠.
13:40
And so they have to come to the table as well.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이듀 λ˜ν•œ 회의μž₯으둜 λ‚˜μ™€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
But in essence, it cannot be a situation
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 본질적으둜,
선진ꡭ듀 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€
13:45
where we start ascribing policies to the emerging markets
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μˆ˜μš”μ™€ 곡급 μ–‘μͺ½ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž₯에 ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
13:49
without developed countries themselves
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슀슀둜의 ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λΉ„νŒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ μ„œλŠ”
13:51
also taking quite a swipe at what they're doing
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정책을 μ‹ ν₯ μ‹œμž₯의 μ±…μž„μœΌλ‘œ λŒλ €μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
both in demand and supply in developed markets.
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13:56
BG: Dambisa, thank you for coming to TED. DM: Thank you very much.
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λΈŒλ‘œλ…Έ: TED에 μ™€μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 담비사: λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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