Why we must confront the painful parts of US history | Hasan Kwame Jeffries

63,785 views ・ 2020-10-28

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sanghee Cha κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Not that long ago,
0
13135
1738
μ–Όλ§ˆ 전에
00:14
I received an invitation
1
14897
2007
μ €λŠ” μ œμž„μŠ€ λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ˜ 역사관에
00:16
to spend a few days at the historic home of James Madison.
2
16928
5075
λ©°μΉ κ°„ 지낼 수 μžˆλŠ” μ΄ˆλŒ€μž₯을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
James Madison, of course,
3
22441
1199
λ‹€λ“€ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ μ œμž„μŠ€ λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ€
00:23
was the fourth president of the United States,
4
23664
2754
미ꡭ의 λ„€ 번째 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
the father of the Constitution,
5
26442
2404
ν—Œλ²•μ˜ μ•„λ²„μ§€μ΄μž
00:28
the architect of the Bill of Rights.
6
28870
2530
λ―Έκ΅­ ꢌ리 μž₯μ „μ˜ μ„€κ³„μžμ΄μ£ .
00:31
And as a historian,
7
31845
1191
역사가인 μ €λ‘œμ„œλŠ”
00:33
I was really excited to go to this historic site,
8
33060
3570
역사적 μž₯μ†Œμ— κ°€κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ 무척 λ“€λœ° μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:36
because I understand and appreciate the power of place.
9
36654
5749
μ €λŠ” 곡간이 μ§€λ‹Œ νž˜μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  있죠.
00:42
Now, Madison called his estate Montpelier.
10
42427
4421
λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ€ 그의 μ‚¬μœ μ§€λ₯Ό λͺ¬νŠΈν•„리어라고 λΆˆλ €μ–΄μš”.
00:46
And Montpelier is absolutely beautiful.
11
46872
2698
λͺ¬νŠΈν•„λ¦¬μ–΄λŠ” ꡉμž₯히 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄λ°μš”.
00:49
It's several thousand acres of rolling hills,
12
49594
3754
λͺ‡ 천 ν‰λ°©λ―Έν„°μ˜ κ΅¬λΆˆκ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚°λ“±μ„±μ΄λ“€λ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ Έμžˆμ£ .
00:53
farmland and forest,
13
53372
2104
농지, 숲 그리고
00:55
with absolutely breathtaking views of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
14
55500
4769
블루 릿지 μ‚°μ˜ 숨이 λ©ŽλŠ” κ²½κ΄€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜μš”.
01:00
But it's a haunting beauty,
15
60619
1800
μžŠμ„ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:03
because Montpelier was also a slave labor camp.
16
63244
5769
ν•œ λ•Œ λͺ¬νŠΈν•„λ¦¬μ–΄λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆ κ°•μ œ μˆ˜μš©μ†Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
You see, James Madison enslaved more than 100 people
17
69720
3256
μ œμž„μŠ€ λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ€ 그의 일생 λ™μ•ˆ
01:13
over the course of his lifetime.
18
73000
2212
100λͺ… 이상을 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
And he never freed a single soul,
19
75236
2286
단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜ν˜Όλ„ μžμœ λ‘­μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
01:17
not even upon his death.
20
77546
1680
κ·Έκ°€ μ£½μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ‘°μ°¨ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
The centerpiece of Montpelier is Madison's mansion.
21
79546
3991
λͺ¬νŠΈν•„λ¦¬μ–΄μ˜ μ£Όλͺ©ν•  μ‘΄μž¬λŠ” λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ˜ λŒ€μ €νƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Now this is where James Madison grew up,
22
83561
2398
μ œμž„μŠ€ λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ΄ 자랐던 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
this is where he returned to after his presidency,
23
85983
3396
λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ§μ„ 마친 ν›„ λŒμ•„ μ™”λ˜ 곳이자
01:29
this is where he eventually died.
24
89403
2063
κ·Έκ°€ 끝내 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμ—ˆλ˜ 곳이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
01:31
And the centerpiece of Madison's mansion is his library.
25
91490
3928
그리고 λ§€λ””μŠ¨ λŒ€μ €νƒμ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆμ€ 그의 λ„μ„œκ΄€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
This room on the second floor,
26
95442
1679
이 방은 2측에 있고
01:37
where Madison conceived and conceptualized the Bill of Rights.
27
97145
5361
λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ΄ κ΅­λ―Ό κΈ°λ³Έ μΈκΆŒμ„ κ°œλ…ν™”ν–ˆκ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
When I visited for the first time,
28
102530
2119
μ œκ°€ 처음으둜 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
01:44
the director of education, Christian Cotz --
29
104673
3523
ꡐ윑 κ΅­μž₯인 ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹°μ•ˆ μ½”μΈ 
01:48
cool white dude --
30
108220
1278
멋진 백인 녀석
01:49
(Laughter)
31
109522
2035
(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:51
took me almost immediately to the library.
32
111581
3420
μ €λ₯Ό κ³§λ°”λ‘œ λ„μ„œκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ λ°λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
And it was amazing, being able to stand in this place
33
115446
3286
λ―Έκ΅­ 역사가 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ—ˆλ˜ 이런 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μˆœκ°„μΈ
01:58
where such an important moment in American history happened.
34
118756
4328
곡간에 μ„œ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ ꡉμž₯ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
But then after a little while there,
35
123909
1774
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ±°κΈ°μ„œ 쑰금 μžˆλ‹€κ°€
02:05
Christian actually took me downstairs to the cellars of the mansion.
36
125707
4568
ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹°μ•ˆμ€ λŒ€μ €νƒμ˜ μ§€ν•˜ μ°½κ³  μ•„λž˜μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ μ €λ₯Ό λ°λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Now, in the cellars of the mansion,
37
130624
2103
λŒ€μ €νƒμ˜ μ§€ν•˜ μ°½κ³ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
02:12
that's where the enslaved African Americans who managed the house
38
132751
4438
집을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν–ˆλ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆκ°€ 된 아프리카계 미ꡭ인듀이
02:17
spent most of their time.
39
137213
1568
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λƒˆλ˜ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
It's also where they were installing a new exhibition on slavery in America.
40
138805
4825
λ˜ν•œ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„μ— κ΄€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°•λžŒνšŒλ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν–ˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
And while we were there,
41
143964
1836
그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 거기에 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:25
Christian instructed me to do something I thought was a little bit strange.
42
145824
3563
ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹°μ•ˆμ€ μ’€ μ΄μƒν•œ 것 같은 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜λΌκ³  제게 μ§€μ‹œν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
He told me to take my hand
43
149411
1318
κ·ΈλŠ” 제게 손을 κ°€μ Έλ‹€κ°€
02:30
and place it on the brick walls of the cellar and to slide it along,
44
150753
4943
μ§€ν•˜μ°½κ³ μ˜ 벽돌 벽에 올렀 놓고 벽을 λ”°λΌμ„œ μ“Έμ–΄ 내리라 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
until I felt these impressions or ridges in the face of the brick.
45
155720
4563
벽돌의 ν‘œλ©΄ μ•ˆ μ†Ÿμ€ λΆ€λΆ„ λ˜λŠ” μžκ΅­λ“€μ„ λŠκΌˆμ„ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μš”.
02:40
Now look,
46
160632
1158
λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:41
I was going to be staying on-site on this former slave plantation
47
161814
3216
μ €λŠ” μ˜›λ‚  λ…Έμ˜ˆ μž¬λ°°μ§€ ν˜„μž₯에 λ¨Έλ¬Όλ €μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
for a couple of days,
48
165054
1157
λ©°μΉ  λ™μ•ˆμš”.
02:46
so I wasn't trying to upset any white people.
49
166235
2121
μ €λŠ” 백인듀 λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ ν™”λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
(Laughter)
50
168380
1213
(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:49
Because when this was over,
51
169617
1420
μ™œλƒλ©΄ 이게 λλ‚¬μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:51
I wanted to make sure that I could get out.
52
171061
2127
μ œκ°€ λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„μ§€ ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
(Laughter)
53
173212
2794
(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:56
But as I'm actually sliding my hand along the cellar wall,
54
176030
4196
그런데 μ§€ν•˜μ°½κ³  벽을 따라 손을 μ“Έμ–΄ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
03:00
I couldn't help but think about my daughters,
55
180250
2446
μ–΄μ©” 수 μ—†μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 제 λ”Έλ“€ 그리고
03:02
and my youngest one in particular,
56
182720
1636
κ·Έ λ•Œ μ•½ 두 μ„Έμ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆλ˜
03:04
who was only about two or three years old at the time,
57
184380
2539
특히 κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ¦° 딸에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
because every time she hopped out of our car,
58
186943
2237
μ™œλƒλ©΄ 맀 μ‹œκ°„ 저희 μ°¨μ—μ„œ 재빨리 λ‚˜κ°€κΈΈ λ°”λž¬κ³ 
03:09
she would take her hand and slide it along the outside,
59
189204
3111
손을 λ“€μ–΄μ„œ ꡉμž₯히 λ”λŸ¬μš΄ μ°¨ λ°”κΉ₯μͺ½μ„ 따라 μ“Έμ–΄ λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
which is absolutely disgusting.
60
192339
2016
03:14
And then --
61
194379
1357
κ·ΈλŸ¬κ³ λŠ”
03:15
and then, if I couldn't get to her in time,
62
195760
2627
그런 λ‹€μŒ, μ‹œκ°„λ‚΄μ— λ”Έμ—κ²Œ 가지 λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:18
she would take her fingers and pop them in her mouth,
63
198411
2485
λ”Έμ˜ μž…μ•ˆμ— 자기 손가락듀을 λ„£μ—ˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
which would drive me absolutely crazy.
64
200920
1824
틀림없이 μ €λ₯Ό λ―Έμ³λ²„λ¦¬κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 일이죠.
03:22
So this is what I'm thinking about while I'm supposed to be a historian.
65
202768
3420
μ œκ°€ 역사가가 λ˜μ–΄μžˆκΈ°λ‘œ ν•œ λ™μ•ˆ 이걸 μƒκ°ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
(Laughter)
66
206212
1301
(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:27
But then, I actually do feel these impressions in the brick.
67
207537
5395
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 또 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ²½λŒμ— μžκ΅­λ“€μ„ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
I feel these ridges in the brick.
68
212956
2182
λ²½λŒμ— μ†Ÿμ€ 뢀뢄듀을 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
And it takes a second to realize what they are.
69
215162
3635
그것듀이 무엇인지 κΉ¨λ‹«λŠ”λ° 2초 κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
What they are
70
218821
1596
무엇이냐면
03:40
are tiny hand prints.
71
220441
1975
μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 손 μžκ΅­λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
Because all of the bricks at James Madison's estate
72
222990
4913
μ œμž„μŠ€ λ§€λ””μŠ¨ μ‚¬μœ μ§€μ˜ 벽돌 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ”
03:47
were made by the children that he enslaved.
73
227927
3477
κ·Έκ°€ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ˜ 아이듀에 μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
And that's when it hit me
74
232373
1889
그리고 μ œμž„μŠ€ λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ΄
03:54
that the library
75
234286
1587
κ΅­λ―Ό 인ꢌ ꢌ리λ₯Ό
03:55
in which James Madison conceives and conceptualizes the Bill of Rights
76
235897
5920
κ°œλ…ν™”ν•˜κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ€ μ €λ₯Ό μ‹€κ°λ‚˜κ²Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
rests on a foundation of bricks
77
241841
2620
λ…Έμ˜ˆκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 아이듀에 μ˜ν•΄
04:05
made by the children that he enslaved.
78
245206
3030
λ²½λŒμ„ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ κΈ°μ΄ˆν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
And this is hard history.
79
249173
3062
그리고 이건 νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
It's hard history, because it's difficult to imagine
80
253164
2754
νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ˆμš”, μƒμƒν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:15
the kind of inhumanity
81
255942
2420
μ•ˆλ½ν•¨κ³Ό 편리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
04:18
that leads one to enslave children
82
258386
2017
λ²½λŒμ„ λ§Œλ“  아이듀을
04:20
to make bricks for your comfort and convenience.
83
260427
2799
λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ 된 비인간적인 ν–‰μœ„μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜.
04:23
It's hard history,
84
263582
1167
νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
because it's hard to talk about the violence of slavery,
85
264773
3964
λ…Έμ˜ˆ 폭λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:28
the beatings, the whippings, the kidnappings,
86
268761
2432
ꡬ타, μ±„μ°μ§ˆ, λ‚©μΉ˜,
04:31
the forced family separations.
87
271217
2507
κ°•μ œ κ°€μ‘± 생이별.
04:34
It's hard history, because it's hard to teach white supremacy,
88
274085
4318
νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬μΈκ²Œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ •λ‹Ήν™” 이념인
04:38
which is the ideology that justified slavery.
89
278427
3150
백인 μ§€μƒμ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:42
And so rather than confront hard history,
90
282157
3714
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νž˜λ“  역사λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κΈ° λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
04:45
we tend to avoid it.
91
285895
2315
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν”Όν•˜λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯μ΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
Now, sometimes that means just making stuff up.
92
289385
4395
가끔 μ§€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
I can't tell you how many times I've heard people say
93
294790
2816
λ‚΄μ „μ—μ„œ μ‹Έμ› λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
04:57
that "states' rights" was the primary cause of the Civil War.
94
297630
3729
사싀상 λ†€λΌμ›€μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€κ°€μ™”μ—ˆλ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ λ‚΄μ „μ˜ 원인이
05:02
That would actually come as a surprise
95
302058
1826
"κ΅­κ°€μ˜ ꢌ리" μ˜€λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” 말을
05:03
to the people who fought in the Civil War.
96
303908
2047
λͺ‡λ²ˆμ”©μ΄λ‚˜ λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
(Laughter)
97
305979
1333
(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:07
Sometimes, we try to rationalize hard history.
98
307336
5068
가끔 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νž˜λ“  역사λ₯Ό 합리화 ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
When people visit Montpelier --
99
313095
1627
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¬νŠΈν•„리어에 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμš”.
05:14
and by "people," in this instance, I mean white people --
100
314746
2706
그리고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•œ κ²½μš°μ— 제 말은, 백인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:17
when they visit Montpelier
101
317476
1314
그듀이 λͺ¬νŠΈν•„리어에 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κ³ 
05:18
and learn about Madison enslaving people,
102
318814
3876
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  λ§€λ””μŠ¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 λ•Œ,
05:22
they often ask,
103
322714
1966
자주 λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
"But wasn't he a good master?"
104
324704
2000
"ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·ΈλŠ” 쒋은 주인이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?"
05:27
A "good master?"
105
327982
1150
"쒋은 주인?"
05:29
There is no such thing as a good master.
106
329871
2421
쒋은 주인 같은 건 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
05:32
There is only worse and worser.
107
332316
2835
λ‚˜μ˜κ³  μ΅œμ•…μΈ 것 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
And sometimes,
108
336707
1746
그리고 가끔
05:38
we just pretend the past didn't happen.
109
338477
2967
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 척을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
I can't tell you how many times I've heard people say,
110
342104
2572
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” 말을 λͺ‡λ²ˆμ”©μ΄λ‚˜ λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
"It's hard to imagine slavery existing outside of the plantation South."
111
344700
4588
"남μͺ½ μž¬λ°°μ§€ λ°”κΉ₯으둜 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€μ–΄μš”."
05:49
No, it ain't.
112
349312
1150
아뇨,μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
Slavery existed in every American colony,
113
350963
2508
λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ„λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ―Έκ΅­ 식민지에 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
slavery existed in my home state of New York
114
353495
2868
λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ„λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ 혁λͺ… ν›„ 50λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
05:56
for 50 years after the American Revolution.
115
356387
3448
λ‰΄μš• μ£Ό μ €μ˜ 집에 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
So why do we do this?
116
360653
1523
μ™œ 우린 이걸 ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:02
Why do we avoid confronting hard history?
117
362200
3563
μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맞λ‹₯뜨리기 νž˜λ“  역사λ₯Ό ν”Όν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:06
Literary performer and educator Regie Gibson
118
366232
2655
λ¬Έμ˜ˆκ°€μ΄μž ꡐ윑 μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 리지 κΉμŠ¨μ€
06:08
had the truth of it when he said
119
368911
2372
λ―Έκ΅­μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 역사λ₯Ό
06:11
that our problem as Americans is we actually hate history.
120
371307
5774
사싀상 μ‹«μ–΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 진싀을 κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
What we love
121
377692
1818
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:19
is nostalgia.
122
379534
1340
과거에 λŒ€ν•œ ν–₯μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
Nostalgia.
123
381994
1150
μΆ”μ–΅μ΄μš”.
06:23
We love stories about the past
124
383629
2317
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
06:25
that make us feel comfortable about the present.
125
385970
3405
과거에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기듀을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
But we can't keep doing this.
126
390347
2087
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 계속 이럴 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
George Santayana, the Spanish writer and philosopher,
127
392871
2501
슀페인 μž‘κ°€μ΄μž μ² ν•™μžμΈ 쑰지 μ‚°νƒ€μ•Όλ‚˜λŠ”
06:35
said that those who cannot remember the past
128
395396
3292
κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
06:38
are condemned to repeat it.
129
398712
2325
λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„λ‚œμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
Now as a historian, I spend a lot of time thinking about this very statement,
130
401379
3904
μ—­μ‚¬κ°€λ‘œμ„œ, 이 μ§„μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
and in a sense, it applies to us in America.
131
405307
3548
그리고 μ–΄λ–€ 뜻으둜, λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
But in a way, it doesn't.
132
409165
1680
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–΄λ–€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
Because, inherent in this statement,
133
411260
2682
λ‚΄μ œλœ μ§„μˆ μ„œλŠ”,
06:53
is the notion that at some point,
134
413966
2940
κ΄€λ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—,
06:56
we stopped doing the things
135
416930
2182
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 첫째둜
06:59
that have created inequality in the first place.
136
419136
3396
λΆˆν‰λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 일듀을 λ©ˆμΆ”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
And a harsh reality is,
137
423199
2222
그리고 κ°€ν˜Ήν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ€
07:05
we haven't.
138
425445
1150
λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
Consider the racial wealth gap.
139
427498
2809
인쒅 μž¬μ‚° 격차λ₯Ό 깊이 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:11
Wealth is generated by accumulating resources in one generation
140
431252
4254
μž¬μ‚°μ€ ν•œ μ„ΈλŒ€μ—μ„œ μžμ›μ„ λͺ¨μŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄κ³ 
07:15
and transferring them to subsequent generations.
141
435530
3618
λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 그것듀을 μ–‘λ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
Median white household wealth
142
439649
3727
쀑간 백인 κ°€μ • μž¬μ‚°μ€
07:23
is 147,000 dollars.
143
443400
3065
14만 7천 λ‹¬λŸ¬(μ•½ 1μ–΅ 7,185λ§Œμ›)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
Median Black household wealth
144
447307
2921
쀑간 흑인 κ°€μ • μž¬μ‚°μ€
07:31
is four thousand dollars.
145
451419
2571
4천 λ‹¬λŸ¬(μ•½ 468λ§Œμ›)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
How do you explain this growing gap?
146
454506
3135
μ»€μ§€λŠ” 격차λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
07:38
Hard history.
147
458776
1150
νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
My great-great-grandfather was born enslaved
148
460665
3715
μ €μ˜ κ³ μ‘°λΆ€λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
in Jasper County, Georgia, in the 1850s.
149
464404
3292
1850λ…„ 쑰지아, 재슀퍼 μΉ΄μš΄ν‹°μ—μ„œμš”.
07:48
While enslaved, he was never allowed to accumulate anything,
150
468022
4054
λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€λ˜ λ™μ•ˆ, μ–΄λ–€ 것도 λͺ¨μ„ 수 없도둝 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:52
and he was emancipated with nothing.
151
472100
1850
아무것도 없이 ν•΄λ°©λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
He was never compensated for the bricks that he made.
152
473974
3904
κ·Έκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ˜ λ²½λŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 보상 받지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
My great-grandfather was also born in Jasper County, Georgia, in the 1870s,
153
478363
5103
μ €μ˜ 증쑰뢀 μ—­μ‹œ 1870λ…„ 쑰지아, 재슀퍼 μΉ΄μš΄ν‹°μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
and he actually managed to accumulate a fair bit of land.
154
483490
3495
κ·ΈλŠ” μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 땅을 λͺ¨μœΌλŠ”데 λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
But then, in nineteen-teens, Jim Crow took that land from him.
155
487548
4389
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 또, 19살에 짐 ν¬λ‘œμš°κ°€ 땅을 λΊμ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
And then Jim Crow took his life.
156
492501
2134
그런 λ‹€μŒ 짐 ν¬λ‘œμš°λŠ” 그의 인생을 κ°€μ Έκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
My grandfather, Leonard Jeffries Senior,
157
495525
2441
μ €μ˜ 할아버지, λ ˆμ˜€λ‚˜λ“œ μ œν”„λ¦¬μŠ€ μ‹œλ‹ˆμ–΄λ„
08:17
was born in Georgia,
158
497990
1404
μ‘°μ§€μ•„μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
but there was nothing left for him there,
159
499418
1960
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έμ—κ²Œ 아무것도 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
so he actually grew up in Newark, New Jersey.
160
501402
3017
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 뉴저지, λ‰΄μ–΄ν¬μ—μ„œ 사싀상 μžλžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
And he spent most of his life working as a custodian.
161
504896
3404
그리고 κ΄€λ¦¬μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ”λ° λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 일생을 λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
Job discrimination, segregated education and redlining
162
509428
4459
고용 차별, 인쒅 차별 ꡐ윑 그리고 μ˜¨κ°– μ œν•œμ‚¬ν•­μ΄
08:33
kept him from ever breaking into the middle class.
163
513911
4063
쀑산측이 λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
And so when he passed away in the early 1990s,
164
518553
3103
κ·Έ 뒀에 κ·Έκ°€ 1990λ…„ μ΄ˆμ— λŒμ•„κ°€μ…¨μ„ λ•Œ,
08:41
he left to his two sons
165
521680
2429
두 μ•„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 남긴 것은
08:44
nothing more than a life-insurance policy
166
524133
2151
그의 μž₯λ‘€ λΉ„μš©μ„ κ°„μ‹ νžˆ 맞좘
08:46
that was barely enough to cover his funeral expenses.
167
526308
3883
생λͺ… λ³΄ν—˜μ— λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
Now my parents, both social workers,
168
531295
2666
μ§€κΈˆ μ €μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜ 두 뢄은 μ‚¬νšŒλ³΅μ§€μ‚¬μ΄μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
they actually managed to purchase a home
169
533985
2587
λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ κ°„μ‹ νžˆ 집을 κ΅¬μž…ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York, in 1980,
170
536596
3720
1980λ…„, λ‰΄μš•, 브루클린의 크라운 ν•˜μ΄μΈ μ—μ„œ
09:00
for 55,000 dollars.
171
540340
2933
5만5천 λ‹¬λŸ¬(μ•½ 6천430λ§Œμ›)λ‘œμš”.
09:03
Now Crown Heights, at the time, was an all-Black neighborhood,
172
543871
3008
κ·Έ μ‹œκΈ°μ— 크라운 ν•˜μ΄μΈ λŠ” 흑인 κ±°μ£Όμ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
and it was kind of rough.
173
546903
1468
그리고 μ’€ ν—˜ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
09:08
My brother and I often went to sleep,
174
548395
2388
제 ν˜•μ œμ™€ μ €λŠ” 자주 μž μ— λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
by the mid-1980s,
175
550807
1397
1980λ…„λŒ€ μ€‘λ°˜ μ¦ˆμŒμ—
09:12
hearing gunshots.
176
552228
1440
μ΄μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“€μœΌλ©΄μ„œμš”.
09:14
But my parents protected us,
177
554883
3761
λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ 저희λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν–ˆκ³ 
09:18
and my parents also held onto that home.
178
558668
3524
λ˜ν•œ 집을 μ§€μΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
For 40 years.
179
562581
1444
40λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμš”.
09:24
And they're still there.
180
564339
1680
λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 거기에 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
But something quintessentially American happened
181
566427
3372
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 본질적으둜 미ꡭ적인 μ–΄λ–€ 일이 λ°œμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
about 20 years ago.
182
569823
1520
μ•½ 20λ…„ μ „μ—μš”.
09:31
About 20 years ago,
183
571811
1389
μ•½ 20λ…„ μ „,
09:33
they went to sleep one night in an all-Black neighborhood,
184
573224
3563
제 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ 흑인 κ±°μ£Όμ§€μ—μ„œ ν•˜λ£»λ°€ λ¬΅μœΌμ…¨κ³ ,
09:36
and they woke up the next morning
185
576811
1937
λ‹€μŒ λ‚  아침에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
in an all-white neighborhood.
186
578772
1564
백인 κ±°μ£Όμ§€μ—μ„œμš”.
09:40
(Laughter)
187
580360
1916
(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:42
And as a result of gentrification,
188
582300
2539
κ΅¬λ„μ‹¬κ°œλ°œν˜„μƒμ— μ˜ν•΄
09:44
not only did all their neighbors mysteriously disappear,
189
584863
2649
λͺ¨λ“  μ΄μ›ƒμ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 미ꢁ속에 사라진 κ²ƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:48
but the value of their home
190
588823
1975
κ·Έλ“€ μ§‘μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λŠ”
09:52
skyrocketed.
191
592270
1368
κΈ‰λ“±ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
So that home that they purchased for 55,000 dollars --
192
594466
3294
κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 5만 5μ²œλ‹¬λŸ¬μ— κ΅¬λ§€ν–ˆλ˜ 집은
09:57
at 29 percent interest, by the way --
193
597784
2706
29% 이자둜,
10:00
that home is now worth 30 times what they paid it for.
194
600514
5334
κ·Έ 집은 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ μ§€λΆˆν–ˆλ˜ 것에 30λ°° κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
Thirty times.
195
606285
1173
30λ°°μš”.
10:07
Do the math with me.
196
607482
1160
저와 κ³„μ‚°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:08
That's 55,000 times 30, carry the zeros --
197
608666
2023
5만5μ²œμ— 30λ°°, 0을 올리면
10:10
That's a lot of money.
198
610713
1499
정말 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ΄λ„€μš”.
10:12
(Laughter)
199
612236
2047
(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:14
So that means,
200
614815
2048
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ”
10:16
as their single and sole asset,
201
616887
2412
μœ μΌν•œ μžμ‚°μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
10:19
when the time comes for them to pass that asset on to my brother and I,
202
619323
4866
저희 ν˜•μ œμͺ½ μž¬μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ
10:24
that will be the first time in my family's history,
203
624213
4570
κ°€μ‘± 역사에 처음이 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
more than 150 years after the end of slavery,
204
628807
3755
λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ 폐지 λ’€, 150λ…„ 보닀 더
10:32
that there will be a meaningful transfer of wealth in my family.
205
632586
4024
저희 가쑱에 μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” λΆ€μ˜ λŒ€λ¬Όλ¦Όμ΄ λ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:37
And it's not because family members haven't saved,
206
637745
2825
κ°€μ‘± ꡬ성원이 λͺ¨μœΌμ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ±°λ‚˜
10:40
haven't worked hard,
207
640594
1364
일을 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜
10:41
haven't valued education.
208
641982
1904
κ΅μœ‘μ„ κ°€μΉ˜μžˆκ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
It's because of hard history.
209
644553
3059
νž˜λ“  역사이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
So when I think about the past,
210
648506
1961
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각할 λ•Œ
10:50
my concern about not remembering it
211
650491
2935
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 걱정은
10:53
is not that we will repeat it if we don't remember it.
212
653450
4204
λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
10:58
My concern, my fear is that if we don't remember the past,
213
658242
4087
제 κ±±μ •, 두렀움은 저희가 κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
11:02
we will continue it.
214
662353
2206
계속 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
We will continue to do the things
215
665186
2351
μ €ν¬λŠ” 첫 번째둜 λΆˆν‰λ“±κ³Ό 뢀당성을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
11:07
that created inequality and injustice in the first place.
216
667561
4558
일듀을 계속 μ΄μ–΄κ°ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
So what we must do
217
672767
1747
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 저희가 κΌ­ ν•΄μ•Όν•  것은
11:14
is we must disrupt the continuum of hard history.
218
674538
6118
νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 연속을 쀑단 ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
And we can do this by seeking truth.
219
681211
4014
진싀을 λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
By confronting hard history directly.
220
685868
2857
νž˜λ“  역사λ₯Ό 직접 λ§ˆμ£Όλ³΄λ©΄μ„œμš”.
11:28
By magnifying hard history for all the world to see.
221
688749
4516
μ „ 세계가 보기 μœ„ν•œ 역사λ₯Ό λ„“νžˆλ©΄μ„œμš”.
11:34
We can do this by speaking truth.
222
694032
2976
진싀을 λ§ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:37
Teachers teaching hard history to their students.
223
697548
3619
ꡐ사듀은 ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ νž˜λ“  역사λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
To do anything else is to commit educational malpractice.
224
701191
4827
λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±Έ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 건 ꡐ윑적 과싀을 저지λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
And parents have to speak truth to their children,
225
706549
2683
그리고 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ€ μžλ…€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 진싀을 λ§ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
so that they understand
226
709256
1652
κ΅­κ°€ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ 온 κ±Έ
11:50
where we have come from as a nation.
227
710932
3054
그듀이 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
And finally, we must all act on truth.
228
714653
4222
그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ§„μ‹€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν–‰λ™ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
Individually and collectively,
229
719590
2254
개인적 그리고 μ§‘λ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ
12:01
publicly and privately,
230
721868
1754
곡적으둜 그리고 개인적으둜
12:03
in small ways and in large ways.
231
723646
3098
μž‘μ€ 방법 그리고 큰 λ°©λ²•μ—μ„œ
12:06
We must do the things that will bend the arc of the moral universe
232
726768
4953
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 도덕적 우주의 ν…Œλ‘λ¦¬λ₯Ό ꡽힐 일듀을 ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
towards justice.
233
731745
1221
μ •μ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
12:12
To do nothing is to be complicit
234
732990
2943
아무것도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것은 연루될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
in inequality.
235
736989
1150
λΆˆν‰λ“±ν•˜κ²Œμš”.
12:19
History reminds us
236
739046
2944
μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” 저희λ₯Ό μƒκΈ°μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
that we, as a nation,
237
742014
2317
κ΅­κ°€ μ „μ²΄λ‘œμ„œ μ €ν¬λŠ”,
12:24
stand on the shoulders of political giants
238
744355
4166
μ œμž„μŠ€ λ©”λ””μŠ¨ 같은 μ •μΉ˜μ  κ±°λ¬Όλ“€μ˜ μ–΄κΉ¨ μœ„μ— 올라 μ„œμ„œ λ°œμ „ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
like James Madison.
239
748545
1520
12:30
But hard history reminds us that we, as a nation,
240
750752
5754
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νž˜λ“  μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” 저희λ₯Ό μƒκ°λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
also stand on the shoulders of enslaved African American children.
241
756530
5950
λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€λ˜ 아프리카계 미ꡭ인 μ•„λ™λ“€μ˜ μ–΄κΉ¨ μœ„μ— μ˜¬λΌμ„œμ„œλ„μš”.
12:43
Little Black boys and little Black girls
242
763314
3445
μž‘μ€ 흑인 μ†Œλ…„κ³Ό μ†Œλ…€λ“€
12:46
who, with their bare hands, made the bricks
243
766783
4079
λ§¨μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ²½λŒμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ˜ 그듀은
12:50
that serve as the foundation for this nation.
244
770886
4020
이 κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ°‘κ±°λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ 삼을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
And if we are serious about creating a fair and just society,
245
775509
5953
그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³΅μ •μ‚¬νšŒ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ§„μ§€ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
13:01
then we would do well to remember that,
246
781486
3541
그것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 우린 잘 ν•  κ±°κ³ ,
13:05
and we would do well to remember them.
247
785051
3147
그것듀을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 우린 잘 ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
Thank you.
248
788895
1151
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
(Applause)
249
790070
6739
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7