4 environmental 'heresies' | Stewart Brand

82,974 views ・ 2009-07-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: YT&I Yonsei UIC κ²€ν† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:16
Because of what I'm about to say,
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μ œκ°€ 이제 막 λ§ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:18
I really should establish my green credentials.
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μ œκ°€ μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μΈ κ²½λ ₯을 ν™•λ³΄ν•œ 것을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ €μ•Όκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
When I was a small boy, I took my pledge
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ¦°μ•„μ΄μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, μ €λŠ” 미ꡭ인으둜써 λ§Ήμ„Έλ₯Ό ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:23
as an American, to save and faithfully defend from waste
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μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ(λ―Έκ΅­)의 μžμ›μ„ 아끼고 λ‚­λΉ„λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ
00:26
the natural resources of my country,
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μΆ©μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ λ°©μ–΄ν•˜κ² λ‹€κ³  말이죠.
00:28
its air, soil and minerals, its forests, waters and wildlife.
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이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 곡기,흙, 무기 ν™”ν•©λ¬Ό,μ‚Όλ¦Ό,λ¬Όκ³Ό μ•Όμƒλ™λ¬Όλ“€μ„μš”.
00:31
And I've stuck to that.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 그것을 κ³ μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Stanford, I majored in ecology and evolution.
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μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ—μ„œ μ €λŠ” μƒνƒœν•™κ³Ό 진화둠을 μ „κ³΅ν–ˆμ£ .
00:37
1968, I put out the Whole Earth Catalog. Was "mister natural" for a while.
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1968년에 μ €λŠ” "μ „ 지ꡬ λ„μ„œλͺ©λ‘ (catalog)" 을 λ°œν–‰ν•΄μ„œ ν•œ λ™μ•ˆ λ―ΈμŠ€ν„° λ‚΄μΈ„λŸ΄ μ΄μ˜€μ£ .
00:41
And then worked for the Jerry Brown administration.
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그리고 제리 브라운 ν–‰μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆμ£ .
00:44
The Brown administration, and a bunch of my friends,
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브라운 행정뢀와 제 μ—¬λŸ¬ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
00:47
basically leveled the energy efficiency of California,
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ 주의 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ νš¨μœ¨μ„ 근본적으둜 ν‰νƒ„ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:50
so it's the same now, 30 years later,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 30년이 μ§€λ‚œ μ§€κΈˆλ„ 같은 μˆ˜μ€€μ΄μ—μš”.
00:53
even though our economy has gone up 80 percent, per capita.
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ 1인당 κ²½μ œκ°€ 80%λ‚˜ μ„±μž₯ν–ˆλŠ”λ°λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:57
And we are putting out less greenhouse gasses than any other state.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ 주보닀도 적게 μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€λ₯Ό 적게 λ°°μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
California is basically the equivalent of Europe, in this.
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” 이 μ μ—μ„œλŠ” 기본적으둜 유럽과 λ™λ“±ν•˜λ‹€κ³  봐야죠.
01:03
This year, Whole Earth Catalog has a supplement that I'll preview today,
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μ΄λ²ˆν•΄μ—λŠ”, "전체 지ꡬ λ„μ„œλͺ©λ‘ (catalog)" 은 μ œκ°€ 였늘 μ‹œμ‚¬ν‰ν•  뢀둝이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
called Whole Earth Discipline.
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그건 "μ „ 지ꡬ 단련법"이라고 뢈리죠.
01:11
The dominant demographic event of our time
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저희 μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 압도적인 μΈκ΅¬ν•™μ˜ 사건은
01:13
is this screamingly rapid urbanization
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ•„μš°μ„±μ„ 칠만큼
01:16
that we have going on.
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κΈ‰μ†λ„μ˜ λ„μ‹œν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
By mid-century we'll be about 80 percent urban,
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μ„ΈκΈ° μ€‘λ°˜μ―€μ—λŠ” 우리의 80%λŠ” λ„μ‹œμΈμΌκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
and that's mostly in the developing world,
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그리고 그것은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ—μ„œ
01:25
where that's happening.
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μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
It's interesting, because history is driven to a large degree
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그건 μž¬λ―Έμžˆμ–΄μš”. μ™œλƒλ©΄,μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ˜ 크기에 따라
01:30
by the size of cities.
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큰 영ν–₯을 λ°›κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
The developing world now has all of the biggest cities,
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κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ— μ§€κΈˆμ€ κ°€μž₯ 큰 λ„μ‹œλ“€μ΄ μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:35
and they are developing three times faster than the developed countries,
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그리고 그듀은 선진ꡭ보닀 3λ°°λ‚˜ λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:38
and nine times bigger.
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그리고 9λ°°λ‚˜ 더 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
It's qualitatively different.
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그것은 질적으둜 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
They are the drivers of history, as we see by looking at history.
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역사가 보여주듯이 이듀은 μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 원동λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
1,000 years ago this is what the world looked like.
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천 년전에 세상을 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Well we now have a distribution of urban power
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ λ„μ‹œμ˜ 뢄포가
01:52
similar to what we had 1,000 years ago.
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μ²œλ…„ μ „κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ‹œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
In other words, the rise of the West,
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ν•œλ§ˆλ””λ‘œ, μ„œκ΅¬μ˜ μ„±μž₯은
01:57
dramatic as it was, is over.
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κ²½μ΄λ‘­κΈ°λŠ” ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, 이제 λλ‚œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
The aggregate numbers are absolutely overwhelming:
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κ·Έ ν•©κ³„λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ μ••λ„μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
1.3 million people a week coming to town,
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130만λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 맀주 λ„μ‹œμ— μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
decade after decade.
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20λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 말이죠.
02:09
What's really going on?
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무슨일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:11
Well, what's going on is the villages of the world are emptying out.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 무슨일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλƒλ©΄ μ„Έμƒμ˜ λ§ˆμ„λ“€μ΄ λΉ„μ–΄κ°„λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Subsistence farming is drying up basically.
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μžκΈ‰ 자쑱 농업은 근본적으둜 μ—†μ–΄μ Έκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
People are following opportunity into town.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 기회λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ λ„μ‹œλ‘œ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
And this is why.
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
I used to have a very romantic idea about villages,
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μ €λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „μ— λ§ˆμ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‚­λ§Œμ μΈ 이미지가 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:23
and it's because I never lived in one.
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그것은 μ œκ°€ ν•œλ²ˆλ„ λ§ˆμ„μ— 살아본적이 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:27
Because in town --
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ„μ‹œμ—λŠ”
02:29
this is the bustling squatter city
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„ κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ— μžˆλŠ” ν‚€λ² λΌμ˜
02:31
of Kibera, near Nairobi --
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λΆμ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” λ„μ‹œλΉˆλ―Ό μ£Όκ±°μ§€μ˜ λ„μ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
they see action. They see opportunity.
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그듀은 ν™œλ™μ„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 기회λ₯Ό λ³΄μ§€μš”.
02:37
They see a cash economy that they were not able to participate in
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그듀은 과거의 μžκΈ‰ 자쑱 λ†μ—…μ—μ„œλŠ” μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜
02:40
back in the subsistence farm.
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ν™”νκ²½μ œλ₯Ό λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
As you go around these places there's plenty of aesthetics.
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이런 곳을 λŒμ•„λ³΄λ©΄ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 것듀이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
There is plenty going on.
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  있죠.
02:47
They are poor, but they are intensely urban. And they are intensely creative.
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그듀은 κ°€λ‚œν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 맀우 λ„μ‹œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 맀우 μ°½μ˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
The aggregate numbers now
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν•©κ³„λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ
02:53
are that basically squatters,
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λͺ¨λ‘ 10μ–΅λͺ…μ˜ λ„μ‹œ λΉˆλ―Όλ“€μ΄
02:56
all one billion of them, are building the urban world,
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λ„μ‹œ 세상을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
which means they're building the world --
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그것은 그듀이 세상을 짓고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
personally, one by one, family by family,
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개인적으둜,ν•œ λͺ…μ”©,κ°€μ‘± λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ
03:04
clan by clan, neighborhood by neighborhood.
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μ§‘λ‹¨λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ, μ§€μ—­λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ.
03:07
They start flimsy and they get substantial as time goes by.
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그듀은 μ—‰μ„±ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에따라 점점 μƒλ‹Ήν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
They even build their own infrastructure.
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그듀은 심지어 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ 슀슀둜 κ±΄μ„€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
Well, steal their own infrastructure, at first.
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사싀 μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ ν›”μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Cable TV, water, the whole gamut, all gets stolen.
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케이블 ν‹°λΉ„, λ¬Ό, μ „ λ²”μœ„μ˜, λͺ¨λ“  것이 ν›”μ³κ°€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
And then gradually gentrifies.
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그리고 μ μ°¨μ²™μœΌλ‘œ κ³ κΈ‰ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
It is not the case that slums undermine prosperity,
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λ„μ‹œλΉˆλ―Όκ°€κ°€ λ²ˆμ˜μ„ λ§μΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
not the working slums; they help create prosperity.
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μΌν•˜λŠ” λ„μ‹œλΉˆλ―Όλ“€μ€ λ²ˆμ˜μ— 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
So in a town like Mumbai, which is half slums,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 뭄바이와 같이 절반이 λΉˆλ―Όκ°€μΈ λ„μ‹œλŠ”
03:33
it's 1/6th of the GDP of India.
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인도 κ΅­λ‚΄ 총생산 (GDP) 의 1/6을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Social capital in the slums is at its most urban and dense.
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λΉˆλ―Όκ°€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμžλ³Έμ€ κ°€μž₯ λ„μ‹œμ μ΄κ³  λ°€μ§‘ν•œ κ³ μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
These people are valuable as a group.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν•œ 무리둜써 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
And that's how they work.
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그것이 그듀이 μΌν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
There is a lot of people who think about all these poor people,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이 λͺ¨λ“  κ°€λ‚œν•œ 이듀을 μƒκ°ν• λ•Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ£ 
03:49
"Oh there's terrible things. We've got to fix their housing."
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"이런 λ”μ°ν•œ 일이. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 주택을 μ–΄μ„œ κ³ μ³μ€˜μ•Όν•΄."
03:51
It used to be, "Oh we've got to get them phone service."
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μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ” "였, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 톡신망 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•΄μ€˜μ•Όλ§Œ ν•΄." μ˜€μ£ .
03:53
Now they're showing us how they do their phone service.
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이제 그듀은 그듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 슀슀둜 톡신망을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
Famine mostly is a rural event now.
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기근은 이제 거의 μ‹œκ³¨μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚¬κ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
There are things they care about.
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그듀이 μ‹¬λ €ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
And this is where we can help.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 도와쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” 뢀뢄은 이런 λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And the nations they're in can help.
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그듀이 μ†Œμ†λœ ꡭ가도 도와쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
And they are helping each other solve these issues.
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그리고 그듀은 이런 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ €κ³  μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
And you go to a nice dense place like this slum in Mumbai.
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당신이 뭄바이 λΉˆλ―Όκ°€μ™€ 같은 ꡉμž₯히 λ°€μ§‘ν•œ 곳에 κ°€λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
You look at that lane on the right.
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당신은 였λ₯Έμͺ½ 길을 μ³λ‹€λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
And you can ask, "Okay what's going on there?"
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그리고 당신은 묻게 되죠, "그래 μ €κΈ°μ„œ 무슨 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ§€?"
04:16
The answer is, "Everything."
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κ·Έ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ "λͺ¨λ“  것."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
This is better than a mall. It's much denser.
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이것은 μ‡Όν•‘ λͺ°λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 λ°€μ§‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉμš”.
04:22
It's much more interactive.
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더 μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ μ΄μ£ .
04:24
And the scale is terrific.
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κ·Έ 규λͺ¨λŠ” λŒ€λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
The main event is, these are not people crushed by poverty.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, 이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ°€λ‚œμ— μ°Œλ“€μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
These are people busy getting out of poverty
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그듀은 κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ λΉ μ Έλ‚˜μ˜€λŠλΌ λ°”μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
just as fast as they can.
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그듀이 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œ κ°€μž₯ 빨리 말이죠.
04:34
They're helping each other do it.
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그듀은 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
They're doing it through an outlaw thing,
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그듀은 이 일을 λΆˆλ²•μ μΈ 방법을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ,
04:38
the informal economy.
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λΉ„κ³΅μ‹κ²½μ œλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
The informal economy, it's sort of like dark energy in astrophysics:
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λΉ„κ³΅μ‹κ²½μ œλŠ” μ²œμ²΄λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ˜ λ‹€ν¬μ—λ„ˆμ§€ (μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ 힘)같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
it's not supposed to be there, but it's huge.
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그것은 μ›λž˜ 있으면 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 것인데 μ—„μ²­ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
We don't understand how it works yet, but we have to.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™λ˜λŠ” 아직 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
Furthermore, people in the informal economy,
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λ”κ΅°λ‹€λ‚˜, λΉ„κ³΅μ‹κ²½μ œμΈ,
04:51
the gray economy --
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그레이경제(μ§€ν•˜κ²½μ œμ™€ 일반경제 사이)에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œλŠ”
04:53
as time goes by,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에따라
04:55
crime is happening around them. And they can join the criminal world,
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범죄가 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 그듀은 λ²”μ£„μ˜ 세계에 λ°œμ„ 듀여놓을 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
04:59
or they can join the legitimate world.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 그듀은 합법적인 세상에 κ°€λ‹΄ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
05:03
We should be able to make that choice
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀이 합법적인 세상을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것을
05:05
easier for them to get toward the legitimate world,
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더 μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
because if we don't, they will go toward the criminal world.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§Œμ•½μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄, 그듀은 λ²”μ£„μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ 갈 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
There's all kinds of activity.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ν™œλ™μ΄ 있죠.
05:14
In Dharavi the slum performs not only
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λ‹€λΌλΉ„μ—μ„œ λΉˆλ―Όκ°€λŠ” κ·Έλ“€ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
05:16
a lot of services for itself,
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:18
but it performs services for the city at large.
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ„ μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
And one of the main events are these ad-hoc schools.
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그리고 μ£Όμš”ν•œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ€‘μ— ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 이런 μž„μ‹œν•™κ΅λ“€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Parents pool their money to hire some local teachers
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ€ 비곡식적이고
05:28
to a private, tiny, unofficial school.
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μž‘μ€ 사립학ꡐ에 지역 선생듀을 κ³ μš©ν•˜λ €κ³  λˆμ„ λͺ¨μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
Education is more possible in the cities, and that changes the world.
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κ΅μœ‘μ€ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 더 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것이 세상을 λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
So you see some interesting, typical, urban things.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν₯미둜운 일반적인 λ„μ‹œμ μΈ 일듀을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
So one thing slammed up against another,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•œκ°€μ§€κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것과 λΆ€λ”ͺμ³μ„œ κ²°ν•©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:40
such as in Sao Paulo here.
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μ—¬κΈ° 상 파울둜 (Sao Paulo) μ—μ„œ 처럼 말이죠.
05:42
That's what cities do. That's how they create value,
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그것이 λ„μ‹œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀이 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” 방법은
05:44
is by slamming things together.
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€λ₯Ό κ°•μ œλ‘œ κ²°ν•©μ‹œν‚€λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
05:46
In this case, supply right next to demand.
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이런 κ²½μš°μ— 곡급은 μˆ˜μš” λ°”λ‘œ μ˜†μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
So the maids and the gardeners and the guards
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” λ„μ‹œμ˜ μƒκΈ°λ„˜μΉ˜λŠ” 곳에 μ‚¬λŠ”
05:50
that live in this lively part of town on the left
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κ°€μ •λΆ€,정원사와 κ²½λΉ„λŠ”
05:53
walk to work, in the boring, rich neighborhood.
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μ§€λ£¨ν•œ λΆ€μžλ™λ„€μ— μΌν•˜λŸ¬ κ±Έμ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
Proximity is amazing.
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근접성은 λ†€λΌμš΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
We are learning about how dense proximity can be.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 근접성이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ΄˜μ΄˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 배우고 μžˆλŠ”μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
Connectivity between the city and the country
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λ„μ‹œμ™€ μ‹œκ³¨μ˜ 접속성이
06:19
is what's going to keep the country good,
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μ‹œκ³¨μ΄ μ’‹κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
because the city has interesting ways of doing things.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ„μ‹œλŠ” ν₯미둜운 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 일을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
This is what makes cities --
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ λ„μ‹œλ“€μ„
06:36
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:40
this is what makes cities so green in the developing world.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ λ„μ‹œλ“€μ„ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
Because people leave the poverty trap, an ecological disaster
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μƒνƒœν•™μ  μž¬λ‚œμΈ μžκΈ‰ 자쑱 농업인 κ°€λ‚œμ˜ μ‘±μ‡ λ₯Ό
06:46
of subsistence farms, and head to town.
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버리고 λ„μ‹œλ‘œ ν–₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
And when they're gone the natural environment
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그리고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ– λ‚˜κ³ λ‚˜λ©΄ μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½μ€
06:51
starts to come back very rapidly.
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맀우 κΈ‰μ†λ„λ‘œ 볡ꡬ되기 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
And those who remain in the village can shift over to cash crops
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그리고 λ§ˆμ„μ— λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν™˜κΈˆμž‘λ¬Όλ‘œ μ „ν™˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:56
to send food to the new growing markets in town.
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λ„μ‹œμ˜ μƒˆλ‘œ μ»€κ°€λŠ” μ‹œμž₯에 μ‹ν’ˆμ„ 보내기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
07:00
So if you want to save a village, you do it with a good road,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œ λ§ˆμ„μ„ 지킀고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄, ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λ„λ‘œμ™€
07:03
or with a good cell phone connection, and ideally some grid electrical power.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 무선 톡신망을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ•½κ°„μ˜ κ·Έλ¦¬λ“œ μ „κΈ°λ ₯도 말이죠.
07:07
So the event is: we're a city planet. That just happened.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ 사건은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ„μ‹œν–‰μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이고 그것은 방금 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
More than half.
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반 이상이
07:12
The numbers are considerable. A billion live in the squatter cities now.
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κ·Έ μˆ«μžλŠ” μƒλ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 10얡이 λ„μ‹œλΉˆλ―Όκ°€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
Another billion is expected.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 10μ–΅λͺ…이 μ‚΄κ²Œ 될것이 μ˜ˆμƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
That's more than a sixth of humanity living a certain way.
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그것은 인λ₯˜μ˜ 1/6이상이 νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ£ .
07:21
And that will determine a lot of how we function.
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그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 행동할지λ₯Ό κ²°μ •μ§“λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
Now, for us environmentalists,
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μ§€κΈˆ 우리 ν™˜κ²½ν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”,
07:27
maybe the greenest thing about the cities is they diffuse the population bomb.
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λ„μ‹œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μΈ μš”μ†ŒλŠ” λ„μ‹œλ“€μ΄ 인ꡬ 폭격을 λΆ„μ‚°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
People get into town.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ˆμ„λ‘œ κ°€λ©΄
07:33
The immediately have fewer children.
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그듀은 λ°”λ‘œ 아이듀을 적게 λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
They don't even have to get rich yet. Just the opportunity of
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그듀이 μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§„ λΆ€μžκ°€ 될 ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ„Έμƒμ˜ λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°νšŒλŠ”
07:38
coming up in the world means they will have fewer, higher-quality kids,
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그듀이 더 적은 수의 더 λ‚˜μ€ 아이듀을 κ°€μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 의미고
07:42
and the birthrate goes down radically.
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μΆœμ‚°λ₯ μ€ κ·Ήλ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λ½ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
Very interesting side effect here,
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μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜운 λΆ€μž‘μš©μ΄ 여기에,
07:46
here's a slide from Phillip Longman.
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필립 둱맨의 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œκ°€ μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
Shows what is happening.
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
As we have more and more old people, like me,
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μ € 처럼 λŠ™μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 점 점 λ§Žμ•„μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘
07:52
and fewer and fewer babies.
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” 적어지죠.
07:54
And they are regionally separated.
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그리고 κ·Έ 듀은 μ§€μ—­μ μœΌλ‘œ λ–¨μ—¬μ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
What you're getting is a world which is
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–»λŠ” μ„Έκ³„λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ€
07:59
old folks, and old cities, going around doing things the old way,
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노인듀이 였래된 λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ μ˜ˆμ „ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 일을 ν•˜κ²Œλ˜λŠ” 곳은
08:04
in the north.
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뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œμ΄κ³ .
08:06
And young people in brand new cities they're inventing,
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그리고 μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ€ 그득이 λ°œλ©΄ν•œ μ•„μ£Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ,
08:09
doing new things, in the south.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 일듀을 ν•˜λŠ”λ°, 그건 남μͺ½μ—μ„œμ§€μš”.
08:11
Where do you think the action is going to be?
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μ–΄λ””μ„œ ν™œλ™μ μΈ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ κΉŒμš”?
08:14
Shift of subject. Quickly drop by climate.
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주제λ₯Ό μž μ‹œ λ°”κΎΈμ£ . 기후에 따라 문제λ₯Ό 빨리 떨ꡬ어 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
The climate news, I'm sorry to say, is going to keep getting worse
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κΈ°ν›„λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀
08:19
than we think, faster than we think.
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더 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ 더 μ•…ν™”λ˜λŠ”κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μœ μ§€λ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
Climate is a profoundly complex, nonlinear system,
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κΈ°ν›„λŠ” ꡉμž₯히 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  일관성이 μ—†λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:24
full of runaway positive feedbacks,
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μ’…μž‘μ„ 수 μ—†λŠ” 긍정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±,
08:27
hidden thresholds and irrevocable tipping points.
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보이지 μ•Šμ€ μž₯μ• λ¬Όλ“€κ³Ό λŒμ΄ν‚¬ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ‹œμ λ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ£ .
08:29
Here's just a few samples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 본보기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
We're going to keep being surprised. And almost all
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 계속 λ†€λΌκ²Œ λ κ±°μ—μš”. 그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ†€λΌλŠ”
08:34
the surprises are going to be bad ones.
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일은 거의 λ‹€ μ•ˆ 쒋은 일 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
From your standpoint this means
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 이것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 것은
08:39
a great increase in climate refugees
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ μΈν•œ λ‚œλ―Όμ˜
08:41
over the coming decades,
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λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λŠ” 10λ…„λ‚΄μ˜ κΈ‰μ¦μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
and what goes along with that, which is resource wars
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그와 같은 λ§₯락으둜, μžμ›μ „μŸκ³Ό
08:46
and chaos wars,
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카였슀 μ „μŸγ…‡;
08:48
as we're seeing in Darfur.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€ν‘Έμ–΄(Darfur) μ—μ„œ λ³Έκ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 일어날 κ±°μ—μš”.
08:55
That's what drought does.
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그게 κ°€λ­„μ˜ κ²°κ³Όμ£ .
08:57
It brings carrying capacity down,
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그것은 μƒνƒœμˆ˜μš©λ ₯을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€μ£ .
08:59
and there's not enough carrying capacity
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μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μˆ˜μš©ν•  수용λ ₯도 λΆ€μ‘±ν• 
09:01
to support the people. And then you're in trouble.
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κ²ƒμ΄μ—μš”. 그러면 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ ,
09:04
Shift to the power situation.
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μ „λ ₯문제둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆκ²Œμš”.
09:07
Baseload electricity is what it takes to run a city,
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λ„μ‹œκ°€ 운영되게 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ΅œμ € μ†Œμš” μ „λ ₯λŸ‰μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.
09:10
or a city planet.
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λ„μ‹œ 행성을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„μš”.
09:12
So far there is only three sources of baseload electricity:
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ΅œμ €μ†Œμš”μ „λ ₯λŸ‰μ˜ μžμ›μ€ 세가지 λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
09:16
coal, some gas,
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석탄, κ°€μŠ€ μ’…λ₯˜μ™€,
09:19
nuclear and hydro.
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ν•΅λ°œμ „κ³Ό 수자λ ₯이죠.
09:21
Of those, only nuclear and hydro are green.
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그것듀 쀑 ν•΅λ°œμ „κ³Ό 수자λ ₯만이 μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μ΄μ£ .
09:25
Coal is what is causing the climate problems.
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석탄이 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”μ˜ 원인이죠.
09:27
And everyone will keep burning it
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  이듀은 그것을 계속 νƒœμš°κ² μ£ .
09:29
because it's so cheap, until governments make it expensive.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ‹Έλ‹ˆκΉμš”. μ •λΆ€κ°€ 석탄을 λΉ„μ‹Έκ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€λŠ”.
09:32
Wind and solar can't help, because so far we don't have a way to store that energy.
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풍λ ₯κ³Ό νƒœμ–‘μ—΄μ€ 도움이 μ•ˆλ˜μš” μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λŠ” κ·Έ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•  기술이 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
09:37
So with hydro maxed out,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 수λ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
09:40
coal and lose the climate,
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석탄을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ κΈ°ν›„λ₯Ό λ§μΉ˜κ±°λ‚˜
09:43
or nuclear, which is the current operating low-carbon source,
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ν˜„μž¬ 운영되고 μžˆλŠ” μ €νƒ„μ†Œ λ°œμ „ 방법인 ν•΅μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
09:46
and maybe save the climate.
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κΈ°ν›„λ₯Ό ꡬ할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
And if we can eventually get good solar in space,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 결ꡭ에 μš°μ£Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 쒋은 νƒœμ–‘μ—΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό ꡬ할 수 있게 λœλ‹€λ©΄
09:51
that also could help.
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그것 λ˜ν•œ 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
Because remember, this is what drives the prosperity in the developing world
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 이 점이 λ°”λ‘œ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ˜ λ§ˆμ„κ³Ό λ„μ‹œμ˜
09:58
in the villages and in the cities.
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ν’μš”λ‘œμ›€μ„ ꡬ해 μ€€λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:01
So, between coal and nuclear,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ, 석탄과 ν•΅μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ³Όλ•Œ,
10:03
compare their waste products.
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κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ 폐기무λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:05
If all of the electricity you used in your lifetime was nuclear,
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λ§Œμ•½ 당신이 μΌμƒλ™μ•ˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ „λ ₯이 ν•΅μ—λ„ˆμ§€λΌλ©΄,
10:09
the amount of waste that would be added up
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μŒ“μΈ 폐기물 양은 콜라 ν•œ 캔에
10:11
would fit in a Coke can.
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λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
Whereas a coal-burning plant,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— 석탄 ν™”λ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œ
10:16
a normal one gigawatt coal plant, burns 80 rail cars of coal a day,
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ 1κΈ°κ°€μ™€νŠΈ 석탄 λ°œμ „μ†Œμ—μ„œλŠ” ν•˜λ£¨λ™μ•ˆ 80μ—¬κ°œμ˜ 기동차 λΆ„λŸ‰μ˜ 석탄을 νƒœμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
each car having 100 tons.
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각 기동차λ₯Ό 100ν†€μ˜ 석탄을 싀은 채 말이죠.
10:23
And it puts 18 thousand tons
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그리고 이것은 곡기쀑에 18,000ν†€μ˜
10:25
of carbon dioxide in the air.
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°°μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
So and then when you compare the lifetime emissions
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이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ“€μ΄ μΌμƒλ™μ•ˆ
10:31
of these various energy forms,
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λ°°μΆœν•˜λŠ” 폐기물듀을 비ꡐ해보면
10:33
nuclear is about even with solar and wind,
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ν•΅μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ—΄μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ™€ 풍λ ₯κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
and ahead of solar --
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심지어 νƒœμ–‘μ—΄μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ κ΅¬μš”.
10:37
oh, I'm sorry -- with hydro and wind, and ahead of solar.
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μ•„ μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 수λ ₯κ³Ό 풍λ ₯κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ³  νƒœμ–‘μ—΄μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
And does nuclear really compete with coal?
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ν•΅μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” 그러면 정말 석탄과 경쟁이 λ κΉŒμš”?
10:42
Just ask the coal miners in Australia.
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ν˜Έμ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ” κ΄‘λΆ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
10:44
That's where you see some of the source,
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ•½κ°„μ˜ 정보λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
10:46
not from my fellow environmentalists,
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저와 같은 ν™˜κ²½λ‘ μžλ“€μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ
10:48
but from people who feel threatened by nuclear power.
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ν•΅μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μœ„ν˜‘μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 말이죠.
10:51
Well the good news is that
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κ·Έλ‚˜λ§ˆ 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€
10:53
the developing world, but frankly, the whole world,
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κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­, μ•„λ‹ˆ 사싀상 전세계가
10:55
is busy building, and starting to build, nuclear reactors.
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ν•΅λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό 짓기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 이미 짓고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
10:59
This is good for the atmosphere.
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이것은 λŒ€κΈ°μ— μ΄λ‘œμ›Œμš”.
11:01
It's good for their prosperity.
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λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ λ°œμ „μ—λ„ 도움이 λ˜κ³ μš”.
11:03
I want to point out one interesting thing,
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μ œκ°€ 짚고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ³  싢은 ν₯미둜운 것 ν•œκ°€μ§€λŠ”
11:05
which is that environmentalists like the thing we call micropower.
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ν™˜κ²½λ‘ μžλ“€μ΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλ™λ ₯ μ΄μ—μš”.
11:08
It's supposed to be, I don't know, local solar and wind and cogeneration,
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그것은 저도 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ 지역 νƒœμ–‘λ ₯λ°œμ „, 풍λ ₯λ°œμ „κ³Ό 그리고 열병합 λ°œμ „κ³Ό
11:11
and good things like that.
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같은 μ’‹μ€κ±°μ—μš”.
11:13
But frankly micro-reactors which are just now coming on,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사싀 이제 막 λ“€μ–΄μ„œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 마이크둜 λ°œμ „κΈ°μ˜
11:15
might serve even better.
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κΈ°λŠ₯이 더 쒋을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μ£ .
11:17
The Russians, who started this, are building floating reactors,
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이것을 μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œλŠ” μˆ˜μƒλ°œμ „κΈ°λ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:19
for their new passage, where the ice is melting, north of Russia.
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 뢁μͺ½μ— μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ…Ήκ³  μžˆλŠ” 지역에 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 수둜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
11:23
And they're selling these floating reactors,
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그리고 이런 μˆ˜μƒ λ°œμ „κΈ°λ₯Ό
11:26
only 35 megawatts, to developing countries.
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35λ©”κ°€μ™€νŠΈλ°–μ— μ•ˆλ˜λŠ”λ°, κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ— νŒ”κ³  있죠.
11:30
Here's the design of an early one from Toshiba.
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이것은 ν† μ‹œλ°”μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  초기 λ””μžμΈμ€‘ ν•˜λ‚˜μ—μš”.
11:32
It's interesting, say, to take a 25-megawatt,
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25 λ©”κ°€μ™€νŠΈ
11:35
25 million watts,
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즉 25 백만 μ™€νŠΈμΈ μˆ˜μƒλ°œμ „κΈ°μ™€
11:37
and you compare it to the standard big iron
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μ›¨μŠ€νŒ…ν•˜μš°μŠ€λ‚˜ μ•„λ¦¬λ°”μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“ 
11:39
of an ordinary Westinghouse or Ariva,
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ν‘œμ€€ μ² κ°•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„
11:43
which is 1.2, 1.6 billion watts.
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12 λ˜ν‹‘ 16μ–΅ μ™€νŠΈ 짜리 λ°œμ „κΈ°λ₯Ό 비ꡐ해보면 μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
11:46
These things are way smaller. They're much more adaptable.
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이것듀이 훨씬 μž‘μ•„μš”. 훨씬 적응λ ₯이 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
Here's an American design from Lawrence Livermore Lab.
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이것은 둜렌슀 리버λͺ¨μ–΄ 랩(μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ)μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  λ―Έκ΅­ λ””μžμΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:53
Here's another American design that came out
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이것 μ—­μ‹œ λ―Έκ΅­λ””μžμΈμΈλ°,
11:55
of Los Alamos, and is now commercial.
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둜슀 μ•ŒλΌλͺ¨μŠ€(Los Alamos)μ—μ„œ μ™”κ³  ν˜„μ œλŠ” μƒμ—…μ μœΌλ‘œ 판맀되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
Almost all of these are not only small, they are proliferation-proof.
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이듀 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ„λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 확산이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
12:00
They're typically buried in the ground.
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주둜 땅에 λ¬»νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
And the innovation is moving very rapidly.
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그리고 κΈ°μˆ ν˜μ‹ μ€ 맀우 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
So I think microreactors is going to be important for the future.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλ°œμ „μ†Œκ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ§ˆκ±°λΌ λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
In terms of proliferation,
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ν™•μ‚°μ˜ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ”
12:10
nuclear energy has done more
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μ›μžλ ₯은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λŠ ν™œλ™λ³΄λ‹€ 핡무기λ₯Ό ν•΄μ œν•˜λŠ”λ°
12:12
to dismantle nuclear weapons than any other activity.
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λ§Žμ€ κΈ°μ—¬λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
12:15
And that's why 10 percent of the electricity in this room,
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이 방에 μ“°μ΄λŠ” μ „κΈ°μ˜ 10% μ•„λ‹ˆ
12:19
20 percent of electricity
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20%κ°€ μ•„λ§ˆ μ›μžλ ₯을
12:21
in this room is probably nuclear.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 것일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
Half of that is coming from dismantled warheads from Russia,
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κ·Έ 쀑 λ°˜μ€ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” ν•΄μ œλœ 미사일 νƒ„λ‘μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³  있으며
12:27
soon to be joined by our dismantled warheads.
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곧 우리의(λ―Έκ΅­) 버렀진 미사일 탄두듀도 ν•¨κ»˜ μ œκ³΅ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
And so I would like to see the GNEP program,
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ €λŠ” λΆ€μ‹œ μ •λΆ€ λ•Œ 개발된 GNEP ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄
12:33
that was developed in the Bush administration, go forward aggressively.
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더 적극적으둜 μ§„ν–‰λμœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
And I was glad to see that president Obama
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그리고 μ˜€λ§ˆλ°” λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄
12:38
supported the nuclear fuel bank strategy
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ν•΅μ—°λ£Œμ€ν–‰μ œ κ³„νšμ„ μ κ·Ήμ§€μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 말을
12:41
when he spoke in Prague the other week.
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μ§€λ‚œμ£Ό ν”„λΌν•˜μ—μ„œ ν–ˆμ„λ•Œ μ €λŠ” λ“£κ³  κΈ°λ»€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
One more subject. Genetically engineered food crops,
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ λ”μš”. μœ μ „μžκ³΅ν•™μ— μ˜ν•΄ μƒμƒλœ μ‹λ£Œν’ˆμ€
12:46
in my view, as a biologist,
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μžμΈ 제 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλŠ”
12:48
have no reason to be controversial.
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λ…Όλž€μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¬λ§Œν•œ μ΄μœ κ°€ μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
My fellow environmentalists, on this subject,
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이 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•΄ 제 λ™λ£Œ ν™˜κ²½λ³΄ν˜Έλ‘ μžλ“€μ€
12:52
have been irrational, anti-scientific, and very harmful.
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비이성적이고 비과학적이며 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 접근을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:56
Despite their best efforts,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
12:58
genetically engineered crops are the most
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μœ μ „μžλ³€ν˜•κ³‘λ¬Όμ€ 역사상
13:00
rapidly successful agricultural innovation in history.
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κ°€μž₯ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„±κ³΅ν•œ 농경 ν˜μ‹ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
They're good for the environment because they enable no-till farming,
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μœ μ „μž λ³€ν˜• 곑물은 λ¬΄κ²½λ†μ—…μœΌλ‘œ
13:07
which leaves the soil in place,
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ν•΄κ°€ μ§€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ 땅을 κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ 냅두기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
13:09
getting healthier from year to year --
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ν™˜κ²½μ— 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
slso keeps less carbon dioxide going from the soil
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λ˜ν•œ λ•…μ—μ„œ λŒ€κΈ°λ‘œ μ΄μƒν™”νƒ„μ†Œκ°€
13:13
into the atmosphere.
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κ°€λŠ” 것을 쑰금 막아주기도 ν•˜μ£ .
13:15
They reduce pesticide use.
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농약 μ‚¬μš©μ„ 쀄여주죠.
13:17
And they increase yield, which allows you to have your
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μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ λŠ˜λ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œμ¨ 농경지가
13:19
agricultural area be smaller,
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쀄어듀 수 있게 ν•˜μ£ .
13:22
and therefore more wild area is freed up.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 야생지가 μƒκΈ°κ²Œ 되죠.
13:25
By the way, this map from 2006
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μ•„ μ°Έ, 이 μ§€λ„λŠ” 2006λ…„ 판인데
13:27
is out of date because it shows Africa
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아프리카가 μ—¬μ „νžˆ
13:29
still under the thumb of Greenpeace,
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κ·Έλ¦°ν”ΌμŠ€μ™€ 유럽의 "Friends of the Earth"의 지배 μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆλŠ” κ±Έ
13:31
and Friends of the Earth from Europe,
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보여주기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ꡬ식이 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
and they're finally getting out from under that.
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ κ·Έ κΈ°κ΄€λ“€μ˜ μ§€λ°°μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
13:36
And biotech is moving rapidly in Africa, at last.
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그리고 λ“œλ””μ–΄ 생λͺ…곡학이 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λ‘œ 퍼지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
This is a moral issue.
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이건 윀리 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
The Nuffield Council on Bioethics
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λˆ„ν•„λ“œ 생λͺ…μœ€λ¦¬ ν˜‘νšŒλŠ”
13:43
met on this issue twice in great detail
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이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 두 번 λ§Œλ‚˜ 심도 κΉŠμ€ 회의λ₯Ό ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
13:45
and said it is a moral imperative
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μœ μ „μžλ³€ν˜•κ³‘λ¬Όμ„ μ¦‰μ‹œ ν†΅μš©λ˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 건
13:47
to make genetically engineered crops readily available.
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윀리적으둜 κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•œ 과제라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
Speaking of imperatives, geoengineering is taboo now,
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κ·œμΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μžλ©΄, 지ꡬ곡학은 이제 κΈˆμ§€λ¬μ£ .
13:53
especially in government circles,
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특히 μ •λΆ€κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œλŠ”.
13:55
though I think there was a DARPA meeting on it a couple of weeks ago,
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제 κΈ°μ–΅μ—λŠ” λͺ‡ 주전에 DARPAνšŒμ˜κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것 같기도 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”.
13:57
but it will be on your plate --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺ«μ΄ 되겠죠.
13:59
not this year but pretty soon,
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이 μ—°λ„μ—λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ œλ²• λΉ λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„λ‚΄μ— 말이죠.
14:02
because some harsh realizations are coming along.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ°€ν˜Ήν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ΄ λ‹€κ°€μ˜€κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
14:05
This is a list of them.
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이것이 κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ λͺ©λ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:07
Basically the news is going to keep getting more scary.
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근본적으둜 λ‰΄μŠ€ 상황은 점점 더 λ”μ°ν•΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
There will be events,
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μ•žμ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 사건듀과 같이
14:12
like 35,000 people dying of a heat wave,
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35,000λͺ…이 ν˜Ήμ„œκΈ°λ‘œ 인해 μ£½λŠ” 일 같은
14:15
which happened a while back.
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μ‚¬νƒœλ“€μ΄ 일어날 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
Like cyclones coming up toward Bangladesh.
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λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œμ— λ‹€κ°€κ°€λŠ” νƒœν’.
14:20
Like wars over water,
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μΈλ”μŠ€μ—μ„œ 처럼
14:22
such as in the Indus.
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λ¬Ό λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ „μŸμ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³ 
14:24
And as those events keep happening
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그리고 κ·ΈλŸ°μΌλ“€μ΄ 계속 μΌμ–΄λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘
14:26
we're going to say, "Okay, what can we do about that really?"
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ² μ£ : "μ˜€μΌ€μ΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일이 정말 무엇인가?"
14:28
But there's this little problem with geoengineering:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅ν•™μ—λŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:33
what body is going to decide
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μ–΄λ–€ 기관이 κ²°μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
14:37
who gets to engineer? How much they do? Where they do it?
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λˆ„κ°€ 그일을 감독 ν•˜κ²Œ 될 것인가? 그듀이 μ–Όλ§ŒνΌ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€? μ–΄λ””μ„œ 그것을 ν•  것인가?
14:39
Because everybody is downstream,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•˜λ₯˜μ—
14:41
downwind of whatever is done.
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λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆ€λŠ” λ°©ν–₯에 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
And if we just taboo it completely
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 μ™„μ „νžˆ κΈˆμ§€μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λ©΄
14:46
we could lose civilization.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
But if we just say "OK,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄: "그래,
14:51
China, you're worried, you go ahead.
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"쀑ꡭ λ„ˆλ„ κ±±μ •λ˜μ§€, λ„ˆκ°€ λ¨Όμ €ν•΄."
14:53
You geoengineer your way. We'll geoengineer our way."
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"λ„ˆλŠ” λ„ˆ μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅ν•™ν•˜κ³ , μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ ν• κ²Œ."
14:57
That would be considered an act of war by both nations.
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그것은 두 κ΅­κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ „μŸμ„ μ–ΈμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹λ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
So this is very interesting diplomacy coming along.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 ꡉμž₯히 ν₯미둜운 외ꡐ가 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:04
I should say, it is more practical than people think.
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제 μ§μž‘μœΌλ‘œλŠ”, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 훨씬 μ‹€μš©μ μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
Here is an example that climatologists like a lot,
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κΈ°ν›„ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ¦κ²¨μ“°λŠ” ν•œ 예λ₯Ό 듀어보죠.
15:10
one of the dozens of geoengineering ideas.
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μˆ˜μ‹­κ°œμ˜ 지ꡬ곡학 κ³„νšμ€‘μ—μ„œ.
15:12
This one came from the sulfur dioxide
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이것은 1991년에 ν”Όλ‚˜νˆ¬λ³΄ μ‚°μ˜
15:14
from Mount Pinatubo in 1991 --
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”ν•­μ—μ„œ μ˜¨κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:17
cooled the earth by half a degree.
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이것은 지ꡬλ₯Ό 0.5도 정도 μ‹ν˜”μ£ .
15:21
There was so much ice in 1992, the following year,
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒν•΄μΈ 1992년에 μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ•„μ„œ
15:23
that there was a bumper crop of polar bear cubs
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뢁극곰 μƒˆλΌμ˜ ν’μž‘μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
15:26
who were known as the Pinatubo cubs.
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그듀은 ν”Όλ‚˜νˆ¬λ³΄ κ³°μƒˆλΌλ“€λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ‘Œμ£ .
15:28
To put sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere
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이산화항을 μ„±μΈ΅κΆŒμ— λ„£λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것은
15:30
would cost on the order of a billion dollars a year.
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맀년 10μ–΅λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ λ“€κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:33
That's nothing, compared to all of the other
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그것은 아무것도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ , μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
15:36
things we may be trying to do about energy.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀에 λΉ„ν•˜λ©΄μš”.
15:38
Just to run by another one:
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œ 가지λ₯Ό μž μ‹œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μžλ©΄,
15:41
this is a plan to brighten the reflectance of ocean clouds,
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이것은 λŒ€μ–‘ κ΅¬λ¦„μ˜ λ°˜μ‚¬μœ¨μ„ λ°νžˆλŠ” κ³„νšμΈλ°
15:44
by atomizing seawater;
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바닷물을 μ›μžν™”ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
15:46
that would brighten the albedo of the whole planet.
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그것은 ν–‰μ„± μ „μ²΄μ˜ λΉ›λ°˜μ‚¬μœ¨μ„ 높이겠죠.
15:48
A nice one, because it can happen
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쒋은 κ³„νšμ΄μ£ . 싀행될 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—.
15:50
lots of little ways in lots of little places,
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ³³μ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μž‘μ€ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
15:52
is by copying the ancient Amazon Indians
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그것은 식물폐기물을 μ—΄λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κ³  κ·Έμ„λ €μ„œ
15:54
who made good agricultural soil
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쒋은 κ²½μž‘ 토지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ
15:56
by pyrolizing, smoldering, plant waste,
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κ³ λŒ€ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄ μΈλ””μ•ˆλ“€μ„ λ”°λΌν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
16:00
and biochar fixes large quantities of carbon
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λ°”μ΄μ˜€μ°¨λ₯΄λŠ” 토지λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
16:03
while it's improving the soil.
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λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό κ³ μ •μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:05
So here is where we are.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ‹œμ μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:08
Nobel Prize-winning climatologist Paul Crutzen
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노벨 μˆ˜μƒμžμΈ κΈ°ν›„ν•™μž 폴 μΏ λ₯΄μ²Έμ€
16:11
calls our geological era the Anthropocene,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ§€μ§ˆμ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό 인간쀑심적,
16:14
the human-dominated era. We are stuck
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인간이 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:17
with its obligations.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 의무λ₯Ό 떨쳐버릴 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:20
In the Whole Earth Catalog, my first words were,
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"μ „ 지ꡬ λ„μ„œλͺ©λ‘ (catalog)"μ—μ„œμ˜ μ œκ°€ μ“΄ 첫 μ–΄νœ˜λŠ”
16:22
"We are as Gods, and might as well get good at it."
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ“€κ³Ό κ°™μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 잘 μ•Œμ•„μ„œ ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ λ˜ν•œ μ’‹κ² μ£ ." μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:24
The first words of Whole Earth Discipline
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"μ „ 지ꡬ 단련법"μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ“΄ 첫 μ–΄νœ˜λŠ”
16:27
are, "We are as Gods, and have to get good at it."
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ“€κ³Ό κ°™μ£ .μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 잘 ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:31
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:33
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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