Bill Gross: Great ideas for finding new energy

108,794 views ใƒป 2009-02-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sanghoon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Taeho Kim
00:18
Right when I was 15 was when I first got interested in solar energy.
0
18330
3695
์ œ๊ฐ€ 15์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์€ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ํฌํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:22
My family had moved from Fort Lee, New Jersey to California,
1
22049
2857
00:24
from the snow to lots of heat, and gas lines.
2
24930
2336
๋ˆˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ด€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
There was gas rationing in 1973.
3
27290
2376
1973๋…„์—” ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
The energy crisis was in full bore.
4
29690
2056
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์ ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
I started reading "Popular Science" magazine,
5
31770
2136
๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ํŒŒํ“ฐ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:33
and I got really excited about the potential of solar energy
6
33930
2856
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์—
00:36
to try and solve that crisis.
7
36810
1736
์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
I had just taken trigonometry in high school,
8
38570
2136
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ง‰ ์‚ผ๊ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:40
I learned about the parabola
9
40730
1376
ํฌ๋ฌผ์„  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘์„ ์„
00:42
and how it could concentrate rays of light to a single focus.
10
42130
2896
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ถ„์‹œ์ผฐ์ฃ .
00:45
That got me very excited.
11
45050
1576
00:46
And I really felt that there would be potential
12
46650
2216
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น›์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:48
to build some kind of thing that could concentrate light.
13
48890
2696
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†”๋ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
So, I started this company called Solar Devices.
14
51610
2696
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํฌ๋ฌผ์„  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:54
And this was a company where I built parabolas,
15
54330
2256
00:56
I took metal shop,
16
56610
1256
๊ธˆํ˜• ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์—์„œ ํฌ๋ฌผ์„  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
00:57
and I remember walking into metal shop building parabolas and Stirling engines.
17
57890
3736
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:01
And I was building a Stirling engine over on the lathe,
18
61650
2616
๋ชจํ„ฐ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ํƒ„ ์• ๋“ค์ด ์™€์„œ
01:04
and all the motorcycle guys said, "You're building a bong, aren't you?"
19
64290
3336
"๊ณ ์ฒ  ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
"์•„๋ƒ, ์ด๊ฑด ์ง„์งœ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์ด์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
And I said, "No, it's a Stirling engine." But they didn't believe me.
20
67650
3256
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
01:10
I sold the plans for this engine
21
70930
2056
์ด ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒํ“ฐ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค
01:13
and for this dish in the back of "Popular Science" magazine,
22
73010
2856
์žก์ง€ ํ›„๋ฉด์— ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  4 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ํŒ”์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
for four dollars each.
23
75890
1416
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์นผํ…์˜ ์ฒซํ•ด ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And I earned enough money to pay for my first year of Caltech.
24
77330
2936
์นผํ…์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
It was a really big excitement for me to get into Caltech.
25
80290
2736
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นผํ… ์ฒซํ•ด์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And at my first year at Caltech, I continued the business.
26
83050
3056
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 2ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นผํ…์€ ํ‰์ ์„ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
But then, in the second year of Caltech, they started grading.
27
86130
2936
1ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ํ†ต๊ณผ/ํƒˆ๋ฝ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 2ํ•™๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‰์ ์„ ๋งค๊ธด๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:29
The whole first year was pass/fail, but the second year was graded.
28
89090
3176
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:32
I wasn't able to keep up with the business,
29
92290
2056
์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ 25๋…„์˜ ์šฐํšŒ๋„ ๋์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
and I ended up with a 25-year detour.
30
94370
1816
์ œ ๊ฟˆ์€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:36
My dream had been to convert solar energy at a very practical cost,
31
96210
3176
๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
01:39
but then I had this big detour.
32
99410
1536
01:40
First, the coursework at Caltech.
33
100970
1616
๋จผ์ €, ์นผํ…์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Then, when I graduated from Caltech, the IBM PC came out,
34
102610
2736
์นผํ…์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค, IBM PC๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:45
and I got addicted to the IBM PC in 1981.
35
105370
2056
1981๋…„์— IBM PC์— ์‹ฌ์ทจํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And then in 1983, Lotus 1-2-3 came out,
36
107450
2336
1983๋…„์— Lotus 1-2-3์ด ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ ,
01:49
and I was completely blown away by Lotus 1-2-3.
37
109810
2216
Lotus 1-2-3์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1-2-3์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์• ๋“œ์ธ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:52
I began operating my business with 1-2-3, began writing add-ins for 1-2-3,
38
112050
4176
1-2-3์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:56
wrote a natural language interface to 1-2-3.
39
116250
2336
01:58
I started an educational software company after I joined Lotus,
40
118610
2976
Lotus์— ์ž…์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ต์œก์šฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋žฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
and then I started Idealab so I could have a roof
41
121610
2336
ํ•œ ์ง€๋ถ• ์•„๋ž˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
under which I could build multiple companies in succession.
42
123970
3136
๊ทธํ›„, ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ํ›„์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์ธ 2000๋…„์— ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:07
Much later -- in 2000, very recently -- the new California energy crisis --
43
127130
4380
์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋” ํฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
what was purported to be a big energy crisis -- was coming.
44
131534
2831
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:14
And I was trying to figure out
45
134389
1457
02:15
if we could build something that would capitalize on that
46
135870
2697
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ฅ์น  ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด,
02:18
and get people backup energy, in case the crisis really came.
47
138591
2885
๋ณด์กฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
And I started looking at how we could build battery backup systems
48
141500
3111
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 5์‹œ๊ฐ„,
10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜น์€ 1์ผ์ด๋‚˜ 3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:24
that could give people five hours, 10 hours, maybe even a full day,
49
144635
3171
๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
or three days' worth of backup power.
50
147830
1916
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์ „ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
02:29
I'm glad you heard earlier today, batteries are unbelievably --
51
149770
3016
๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
lack density compared to fuel.
52
152810
2976
02:35
So much more energy can be stored with fuel than with batteries.
53
155810
3016
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
You'd have to fill your entire parking space of one garage space
54
158850
3056
๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
์ฐจ๊ณ ์— ์ฐจ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์Œ“์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
just to give yourself four hours of battery backup.
55
161930
2416
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
02:44
And I concluded, after researching every other technology
56
164370
2696
์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
that we could deploy for storing energy --
57
167090
2016
ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํœ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:49
flywheels, different formulations of batteries --
58
169130
2336
02:51
it just wasn't practical to store energy.
59
171490
2376
์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
So what about making energy? Maybe we could make energy.
60
173890
2656
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
I tried to figure out -- maybe solar's become attractive.
61
176570
2696
ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
It's been 25 years since I was doing this,
62
179290
2056
์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ์ง€ 25๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ,
03:01
let me go back and look at what's been happening with solar cells.
63
181370
3136
ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์™€ํŠธ๋‹น 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 4-5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
And the price had gone down from 10 dollars a watt
64
184530
2376
03:06
to about four or five dollars a watt, but it stabilized.
65
186930
2656
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And it needed to get much lower to be cost-effective.
66
189610
2496
๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋Œ€๋น„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:12
I studied all the new things that had happened in solar cells,
67
192130
2905
๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:15
and was looking for ways we could make solar cells more inexpensively.
68
195059
3367
ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
A lot of new things are happening to do that,
69
198450
2376
์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:20
but fundamentally, the process requires a tremendous amount of energy.
70
200850
3336
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Some people say it takes more energy to make a solar cell
71
204210
2696
์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค
03:26
than it will give out in its entire life.
72
206930
1976
์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
If we reduce the amount of energy it takes to make the cells,
73
208930
2896
๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:31
that will become more practical.
74
211850
1576
๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
But right now, you pretty much have to take silicon,
75
213450
2456
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„  ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์„ 17์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
03:35
put it in an oven at 1600 F for 17 hours, to make the cells.
76
215930
3576
์•ฝ ์„ญ์”จ 870๋„์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์›Œ์•ผ ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
A lot of people are working to try and reduce that,
77
219530
2416
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:41
but I didn't have anything to contribute.
78
221970
1976
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
So I tried to figure out what other way could we try
79
223970
2456
์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ๋Œ€๋น„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
to make cost-effective solar electricity.
80
226450
2176
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
03:48
What if we collect the sun with a large reflector --
81
228650
2456
๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‡๋ณ•์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
like I had been thinking about in high school,
82
231130
2176
์ตœ์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋” ํฐ ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:53
but maybe with modern technology we could make it cheaper --
83
233330
2816
์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋น›์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:56
concentrate it to a small converter,
84
236170
2056
๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:58
and then the conversion device wouldn't have to be as expensive,
85
238250
3056
ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ํ–‡๋ณ•์ด ๋น„์น˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋ฎ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:01
because it's much smaller, rather than solar cells,
86
241330
2456
๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
which have to cover the entire surface that you want to gather sun from.
87
243810
3416
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
04:07
This seemed practical now,
88
247250
1256
25๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ด์ œ์„œ์•ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
because a lot of new technologies had come in the 25 years
89
248530
2736
04:11
since I had last looked at it.
90
251290
1456
์ฒซ์งธ, ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
04:12
There was a lot of new manufacturing techniques,
91
252770
2256
์ •๋ง ์‹ผ ์†Œํ˜• ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋“ค, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์„œ๋ณด, ์Šคํ…Œํผ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์€
04:15
not to mention really cheap miniature motors --
92
255050
2216
๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
04:17
brushless motors, servomotors, stepper motors,
93
257290
2176
์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
that are used in printers and scanners.
94
259490
1896
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ค€ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
04:21
So, that's a breakthrough.
95
261410
1256
04:22
Of course, inexpensive microprocessors
96
262690
1856
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ CPU์™€ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
04:24
and a very important breakthrough -- genetic algorithms.
97
264570
2896
๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ์ธ ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
04:27
I'll be very short on genetic algorithms.
98
267490
1976
์ž์—ฐ์„ ํƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
It's a powerful way of solving intractable problems using natural selection.
99
269490
3576
์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
04:33
You take a problem that you can't solve with a pure mathematical answer,
100
273090
3416
๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๋„์™€ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
you build an evolutionary system to try multiple tries at guessing,
101
276530
3175
์ƒ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํ•ด์„œ,
04:39
you add sex --
102
279729
1217
04:40
where you take half of one solution and half of another
103
280970
2616
๋‹ต์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ต์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
04:43
and then make new mutations --
104
283610
1456
์ž์—ฐ์„ ํƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ต์€ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
and you use natural selection to kill off not-as-good solutions.
105
285090
3056
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:48
Usually, with a genetic algorithm on a computer today,
106
288170
2576
3 GHz ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•œ
04:50
with a three gigahertz processor,
107
290770
1736
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํ’€๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
04:52
you can solve many formerly intractable problems
108
292530
2729
๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
in just a matter of minutes.
109
295283
1503
04:56
So we tried to come up with a way to use genetic algorithms
110
296810
3056
์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:59
to create a new type of concentrator.
111
299890
1816
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And I'll show you what we came up with.
112
301730
1896
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Traditionally, concentrators look like this.
113
303650
2096
์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Those shapes are parabolas.
114
305770
1336
์ „์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:07
They take all the parallel incoming rays and focus it to a single spot.
115
307130
3376
๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น›์„ ํ•œ ์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
They have to track the sun,
116
310530
1296
ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํ–ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
because they have to point directly at the sun.
117
311850
2216
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” 1๋„ ์ •๋„์ธ๋ฐ,
05:14
They usually have a one degree acceptance angle --
118
314090
2376
๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” 1๋„ ์ด์ƒ ๋น—๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
05:16
once they're more than a degree off,
119
316490
1736
์ดˆ์ ์— ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
none of the sunlight rays will hit the focus.
120
318250
2136
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„์ถ”์  ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:20
So we tried to come up with a non-tracking collector
121
320410
2456
1๋„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:22
that would gather much more than one degree of light, with no moving parts.
122
322890
3536
๋™์  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:26
So we created a genetic algorithm to try this out,
123
326450
2376
XL ๋‹คํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:28
we made a model in Excel of a multisurface reflector,
124
328850
2576
ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํƒœ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:31
and an amazing thing evolved, literally,
125
331450
2056
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
05:33
from trying a billion cycles, a billion different attempts,
126
333530
2816
์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ์ฐจ๋ก€, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
05:36
with a fitness function that defined how can you collect the most light,
127
336370
3416
05:39
from the most angles, over a day, from the sun.
128
339810
2216
๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And this is the shape that evolved.
129
342050
1696
05:43
It's this non-tracking collector with these six tuba-like horns,
130
343770
3656
๋น„์ถ”์  ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฟ”๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
and each of them collect light in the following way --
131
347450
2536
ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋น„์ถ”๋ฉด,
05:50
if the sunlight strikes right here,
132
350010
1696
05:51
it might bounce right to the center, the hot spot, directly,
133
351730
2856
์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ซ์ŠคํŒŸ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น—๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:54
but if the sun is off axis and comes from the side,
134
354610
2416
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
it might hit two places and take two bounces.
135
357050
2416
05:59
So for direct light, it takes only one bounce,
136
359490
2816
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ด‘์„ ์€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
์ง๊ฐ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋น›์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
06:02
for off-axis light it might take two,
137
362330
1896
06:04
and for extreme off-axis, it might take three.
138
364250
2496
๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น—๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Your efficiency goes down with more bounces,
139
366770
2096
๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:08
because you lose about 10 percent with each bounce,
140
368890
2416
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ 10%์˜ ์†์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ 25๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜๋„ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
but this allowed us to collect light from a plus or minus 25-degree angle.
141
371330
3856
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •์ง€๋œ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
So, about two and a half hours of the day
142
375210
2176
06:17
we could collect with a stationary component.
143
377410
2336
06:19
Solar cells collect light for four and a half hours though.
144
379770
2776
ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
On an average adjusted day, a solar cell --
145
382570
2256
ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š”
06:24
because the sun's moving across the sky,
146
384850
1936
ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:26
the solar cell is going down with a sine wave function of performance
147
386810
3256
๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ธํŒŒ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
at the off-axis angles.
148
390090
1256
06:31
It collects about four and a half average hours of sunlight a day.
149
391370
3136
ํ‰๊ท  ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋™์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—†๊ณ , ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:34
So even this, although it was great with no moving parts --
150
394530
2776
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
we could achieve high temperatures -- wasn't enough.
151
397330
2456
ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
We needed to beat solar cells.
152
399810
1456
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
So we took a look at another idea.
153
401290
1656
06:42
We looked at a way to break up a parabola into individual petals that would track.
154
402970
3858
ํฌ๋ฌผ์„  ์ ‘์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์žŽ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์žŽ๋“ค์ด
06:46
So what you see here is 12 separate petals
155
406852
2374
๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:49
that each could be controlled with individual microprocessors
156
409250
2896
๋‹จ์ง€ 1 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ–์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
that would only cost a dollar.
157
412170
1456
06:53
You can buy a two-megahertz microprocessor for a dollar now.
158
413650
3016
ํ˜„์žฌ 1 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— 2 MHz ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
And you can buy stepper motors that pretty much never wear out
159
416690
3176
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์Šคํ…Œํผ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋„
06:59
because they have no brushes,
160
419890
1616
1 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
for a dollar.
161
421530
1216
07:02
So we can control all 12 of these petals for under 50 dollars
162
422770
3656
12๊ฐœ์˜ ์žŽ์„ 50 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:06
and what this would allow us to do is not have to move the focus any more,
163
426450
3496
์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
but only move the petals.
164
429970
1256
๋‹ค๋งŒ ์žŽ๋งŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
07:11
The whole system would have a much lower profile,
165
431250
2336
์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
07:13
but also we could gather sunlight for six and a half to seven hours a day.
166
433610
3496
ํ•˜๋ฃจ 6~7 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Now that we have concentrated sunlight,
167
437130
1896
ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋ฌด์–ผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:19
what are we going to put at the center to convert sunlight to electricity?
168
439050
3496
ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ, ํ˜น์€ ์—ด์„ ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
07:22
So we tried to look at all the different heat engines
169
442570
2496
07:25
that have been used in history to convert sunlight or heat to electricity,
170
445090
4816
๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ด€(heat engine)์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And one of the great ones of all time,
171
449930
1856
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:31
James Watt's steam engine of 1788 was a major breakthrough.
172
451810
3176
1788๋…„ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ์ž„์Šค ์™€ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
James Watt didn't actually invent the steam engine, he just refined it.
173
455010
3336
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:38
But his refinements were incredible.
174
458370
1736
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง์„  ์šด๋™์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
07:40
He added new linear motion guides to the pistons,
175
460130
2336
์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:42
he added a condenser to cool the steam outside the cylinder,
176
462490
2856
๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋‚ด๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
he made the engine double-acting, so it had double the power.
177
465370
2896
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Those were major breakthroughs. All of the improvements he made --
178
468290
3136
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
07:51
and it's justifiable that our measure of energy, the watt,
179
471450
3416
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด ์™€ํŠธ(watt)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
today is named after him.
180
474890
1536
07:56
So we looked at this engine, and this had some potential.
181
476450
2696
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—”์ง„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:59
Steam engines are dangerous,
182
479170
1376
08:00
and they had tremendous impact on the world --
183
480570
2176
์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ
08:02
industrial revolution and ships and locomotives.
184
482770
2256
์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…, ์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ , ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜•์ด๊ณ ,
08:05
But they're usually good to be large,
185
485050
1816
08:06
so they're not good for distributed power generation.
186
486890
2496
๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋™๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉ์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ์••์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
They're also very high-pressure, so they're dangerous.
187
489410
2536
08:11
Another type of engine is the hot air engine.
188
491970
2576
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—”์ง„์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And the hot air engine also was not invented by Robert Stirling,
189
494570
3056
๊ณ ์˜จ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์—”์ง„๋„ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:17
but Robert Stirling came along in 1816 and radically improved it.
190
497650
3056
1816๋…„์— ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
This engine, because it was so interesting --
191
500730
2136
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ ์—†์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
08:22
it only worked on air, no steam --
192
502890
1656
08:24
has led to hundreds of creative designs over the years
193
504570
2736
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
08:27
that use the Stirling engine principle.
194
507330
2336
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
But after the Stirling engine, Otto came along,
195
509690
2216
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ›„ ์˜คํ† (Otto)๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:31
and also, he didn't invent the internal combustion engine,
196
511930
2736
๊ทธ๋„ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
he just refined it.
197
514690
1216
๊ทธ๋Š” 1867๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:35
He showed it in Paris in 1867, and it was a major achievement
198
515930
2896
์—”์ง„์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ์ ์—์„œ
08:38
because it brought the power density of the engine way up.
199
518850
2736
์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ํž˜์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:41
You could now get a lot more power in a lot smaller space,
200
521610
2736
์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and that allowed the engine to be used for mobile applications.
201
524370
2976
์ผ๋‹จ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€
08:47
So, once you have mobility,
202
527370
1456
08:48
you're making a lot of engines because you've got lots of units,
203
528850
3056
์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ํฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
08:51
as opposed to steam ships or big factories,
204
531930
2000
ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—”์ง„์ด ์ œ์กฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
so this was the engine that ended up benefiting from mass production
205
533954
3271
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—”์ง„์ด ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜
08:57
where all the other engines didn't.
206
537249
1697
ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
So, because it went into mass production,
207
538970
1953
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ค„๊ณ ,
09:00
costs were reduced, 100 years of refinement,
208
540947
2559
100๋…„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด,
09:03
emissions were reduced, tremendous production value.
209
543530
2776
๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
There have been hundreds of millions of internal combustion engines built,
210
546330
3496
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ œ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
compared to thousands of Stirling engines built.
211
549850
2256
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œํ˜• ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:12
And not nearly as many small steam engines being built anymore,
212
552130
2976
๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ž‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
only large ones for big operations.
213
555130
1696
09:16
So after looking at these three, and 47 others,
214
556850
2656
์ด ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ 47์ข…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ํ›„์—,
09:19
we concluded that the Stirling engine would be the best one to use.
215
559530
3176
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
I want to give you a brief explanation of how we looked at it and how it works.
216
562730
3896
๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
So we tried to look at the Stirling engine in a new way,
217
566650
2656
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
because it was practical --
218
569330
2536
09:31
weight no longer mattered for our application.
219
571890
2256
๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:34
The internal combustion engine took off because weight mattered,
220
574170
3096
๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
because you were moving around.
221
577290
1536
09:38
But if you're trying to generate solar energy in a static place
222
578850
2976
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์ง€๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
the weight doesn't matter so much.
223
581850
1656
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:43
We also discovered that efficiency doesn't matter so much
224
583530
2675
ํšจ์œจ๋„ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
if your energy source is free.
225
586229
1457
09:47
Normally, efficiency is crucial
226
587710
1497
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:49
because the fuel cost of your engine over its life
227
589231
2936
์—”์ง„์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
dwarfs the cost of the engine.
228
592191
1675
09:53
But if your fuel source is free,
229
593890
1576
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š”
09:55
then the only thing that matters
230
595490
1576
์—”์ง„ ์ œ์กฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž๋ณธ๋น„๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
is the up-front capital cost of the engine.
231
597090
2016
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšจ์šธ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
09:59
So you don't want to optimize for efficiency,
232
599130
2136
๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹น ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
you want to optimize for power per dollar.
233
601290
2016
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
10:03
So using that new twist, with the new criteria,
234
603330
2216
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:05
we thought we could relook at the Stirling engine,
235
605570
2376
์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
and also bring genetic algorithms in.
236
607970
1816
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 3 GHz๊ธ‰ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ
10:09
Basically, Robert Stirling didn't have Gordon Moore before him
237
609810
2936
10:12
to get us three gigahertz of processor power.
238
612770
2136
๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“  ๋ฌด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
So we took the same genetic algorithm
239
614930
1797
์ด์ „ ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ
10:16
that we used earlier to make that concentrator,
240
616751
2217
์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์„
10:18
which didn't work out for us,
241
618992
1452
์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
to optimize the Stirling engine,
242
620468
1558
ํƒœ์–‘์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:22
and make its design sizes and all of its dimensions
243
622050
3216
๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹น ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„
10:25
the exact optimum to get the most power per dollar,
244
625290
3096
์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ
10:28
irrespective of weight, irrespective of size,
245
628410
2136
10:30
just to get the most conversion of solar energy,
246
630570
2256
ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์น˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
because the sun is free.
247
632850
1216
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์—”์ง„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:34
And that's the process we took -- let me show you how the engine works.
248
634090
3336
์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์—”์ง„์€
10:37
The simplest heat engine, or hot air engine, of all time
249
637450
2656
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ์ž๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ•์ฒ  ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
would be this -- take a box, a steel canister, with a piston.
250
640130
3216
10:43
Put a flame under it, the piston moves up.
251
643370
2296
์•„๋ž˜ ์ชฝ์— ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฉด, ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:45
Take it off the flame and pour water on it, or let it cool down,
252
645690
3016
๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ“๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค์€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
the piston moves down.
253
648730
1216
10:49
That's a heat engine.
254
649970
1216
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
That's the most fundamental heat engine you could have.
255
651210
2616
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
The problem is the efficiency is one hundredth of one percent,
256
653850
3056
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0.01%์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
because you're heating all the metal of the chamber
257
656930
2416
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์† ์ƒ์ž ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ 
10:59
and then cooling all the metal of the chamber each time.
258
659370
2656
๋งค๋ฒˆ ๊ธˆ์† ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ€์—ด๋œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํž˜์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ 
11:02
And you're only getting power from the air that's heating at the same time,
259
662050
3536
๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
but you're wasting energy heating and cooling the metal.
260
665610
2656
์ด ๋•Œ, ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:08
So someone came up with a very clever idea.
261
668290
2056
์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
11:10
Instead of heating and cooling the whole cylinder,
262
670370
2376
๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
what about if you put a displacer inside --
263
672770
2016
์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
a little thing that shuttles the air back and forth.
264
674810
2456
์ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ƒํ•˜ ์šด๋™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
You move that up and down with a little bit of energy
265
677290
2496
์ด์ œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ž˜ ์œ„๋กœ, ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์œ„์—์„œ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ
11:19
but now you're only shifting the air down to the hot end and up to the cold end.
266
679810
3776
๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
So, now you're not alternately heating and cooling the metal, just the air.
267
683610
4176
์ด์ œ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
That allows you to get the efficiency up
268
687810
1936
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšจ์œจ์„ 0.01%์—์„œ 2%๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
from a hundredth of a percent to about two percent.
269
689770
2416
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšจ์œจ์„ 0.01%์—์„œ 2%๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And then Robert Stirling came along with this genius idea,
270
692210
2736
์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—”์ง„์˜ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
11:34
which was, well, I'm still not heating the metal now,
271
694970
2496
11:37
with this kind of engine,
272
697490
1216
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
but I'm still reheating all the air.
273
698730
1736
์ „์ฒด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:40
I'm still heating the air every time and cooling the air every time.
274
700490
3216
์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์—ด์Šคํฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:43
What about if I put a thermal sponge in the middle,
275
703730
2616
๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณณ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๊ณณ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
in the passageway between where the air has to move between hot and cold?
276
706370
3896
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค„๊ณผ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด,
11:50
So he made fine wires, and cracked glass,
277
710290
2656
11:52
and all different kinds of materials to be a heat sponge.
278
712970
2696
๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—ด์Šคํฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
So when the air pushes up to go from the hot end to the cold end,
279
715690
3056
๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ,
11:58
it puts some heat into the sponge.
280
718770
2176
์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์—ด์„ ์Šคํฐ์ง€์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
And then when the air comes back after it's been cooled,
281
720970
2656
์ฐจ๊ฐ€์›Œ์ง„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ๋•Œ,
๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ด์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
it picks up that heat again.
282
723650
1376
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ด์„ 5-6 ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋” ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
So you're reusing your energy five or six times,
283
725050
3016
ํšจ์œจ๋„ 30-40%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
and that brings the efficiency up to between 30 and 40 percent.
284
728090
2976
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ฒœ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
It's a little known, but brilliant, genius invention of Robert Stirling
285
731090
3336
12:14
that takes the hot air engine from being somewhat impractical --
286
734450
3016
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋น„์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
๊ณ ์˜จ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์—”์ง„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž ์žฌ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
12:17
like I found out when I made the real simple version in high school --
287
737490
3336
๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
to very potentially possible,
288
740850
1416
์ผ๋‹จ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
once you get the efficiency up,
289
742290
1536
12:23
if you can design this to be low enough cost.
290
743850
2136
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ์ €๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
So we really set out on a path to try and make the lowest cost possible.
291
746010
3416
12:29
We built a huge mathematical model of how a Stirling engine works.
292
749450
3136
์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„์˜ ๋™์ž‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
We applied the genetic algorithm.
293
752610
1616
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์—”์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
We got the results from that for the optimal engine.
294
754250
2456
12:36
We built engines --
295
756730
1216
์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 100 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—”์ง„์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
so we built 100 different engines over the last two years.
296
757970
2736
๊ฐ ์—”์ง„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๋์—
12:40
We measured each one, we readjusted the model to what we measured,
297
760730
3136
ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
and then we led that to the current prototype.
298
763890
2176
๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์—”์ง„์ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
It led to a very compact, inexpensive engine,
299
766090
2136
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
and this is what the engine looks like.
300
768250
1896
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
Let me show you what it looks like in real life.
301
770170
2240
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—”์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
So this is the engine. It's just a small cylinder down here,
302
773770
3696
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ,
12:57
which holds the generator inside and all the linkage,
303
777490
2696
ํ•ซ์บก, ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
and it's the hot cap -- the hot cylinder on the top --
304
780210
3336
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜๊ณ , ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด,
13:03
this part gets hot, this part is cool,
305
783570
2256
13:05
and electricity comes out.
306
785850
1936
์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
The exact converse is also true.
307
787810
1856
์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
If you put electricity in, this will get hot and this will get cold,
308
789690
3376
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜๊ณ ,
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋˜์–ด, ์ฆ‰, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
you get refrigeration.
309
793090
1296
13:14
So it's a complete reversible cycle,
310
794410
1816
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์—ญ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด๋ฉฐ,
13:16
a very efficient cycle, and quite a simple thing to make.
311
796250
2976
๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์ณ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:19
So now you put the two things together.
312
799250
1896
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—”์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:21
So you have the engine.
313
801170
1216
13:22
What if you combine the petals and the engine in the center?
314
802410
2856
์ด์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ์žŽ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์žŽ๋“ค์€ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—”์ง„์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
13:25
The petals track and the engine gets the concentrated sunlight,
315
805290
2976
์—ด์ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
takes that heat and turns it into electricity.
316
808290
2176
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—
13:30
This is what the first prototype of our system looked like
317
810490
2736
์—”์ง„๊ณผ ์žŽ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
with the petals and the engine in the center.
318
813250
2136
์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด
13:35
This is being run out in the sun,
319
815410
1616
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
and now I want to show you what the actual thing looks like.
320
817050
2840
13:45
(Applause)
321
825610
5336
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:50
Thank you.
322
830970
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 12์žฅ์˜ ์žŽ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์œ ๋‹›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
So this is a unit with the 12 petals.
323
832210
2656
13:54
These petals cost about a dollar each --
324
834890
1936
๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ , ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ๋„๊ธˆ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ถœ์„ฑํ˜• ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ธ
13:56
they're lightweight, injection-molded plastic, aluminized.
325
836850
2736
์žŽ์˜ ์žฅ๋‹น ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
The mechanism to control each petal is below there,
326
839610
2663
๊ฐ ์žŽ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์žŽ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
with a microprocessor on each one.
327
842297
2049
์—”์ง„์—๋Š” ์—ด์ „์Œ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์€
14:04
There are thermocouples on the engine --
328
844370
1936
14:06
little sensors that detect the heat when the sunlight strikes them.
329
846330
3176
ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋น„์น  ๋•Œ ์—ด์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
Each petal adjusts itself separately to keep the highest temperature on it.
330
849530
3856
๊ฐ ์žŽ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
When the sun comes out in the morning, the petals will seek the sun,
331
853410
3216
์•„์นจ์— ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์žŽ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ,
14:16
find it by searching for the highest temperature.
332
856650
2336
์ตœ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1๋ถ„ 30์ดˆ์—์„œ 2๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ํ•ซ์บก์„ ๋น„์ถ”๋ฉด,
14:19
About a minute and a half or two minutes after the rays are striking the hot cap
333
859010
3936
14:22
the engine will be warm enough to start
334
862970
1896
์—”์ง„์€ ๊ธฐ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์—ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
and then the engine will generate electricity
335
864890
2136
์—”์ง„์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ 30๋ถ„์—์„œ
14:27
for about six and a half hours a day --
336
867050
1896
7์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
six and a half to seven hours as the sun moves across the sky.
337
868970
2936
์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
14:31
A critical part that we can take advantage of
338
871930
2136
์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ์™€
14:34
is that we have these inexpensive microprocessors
339
874090
2336
์ž์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์žŽ๋“ค,
14:36
and each of these petals is autonomous,
340
876450
1896
์„ค์ •์—†์ด ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์žŽ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
and each of these petals figures out where the sun is with no user setup.
341
878370
3456
14:41
So you don't have to tell what latitude, longitude you're at,
342
881850
2896
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
what your roof slope angle is, or what orientation.
343
884770
2416
๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
It doesn't really care.
344
887210
1256
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
What it does is it searches to find the hottest spot,
345
888490
2576
์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ,
14:51
it searches again a half an hour later, a day later, a month later.
346
891090
3936
30๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
It basically figures out where on Earth you are
347
895050
2216
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
14:57
by watching the direction the sun moves,
348
897290
1936
์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋„ ํ•„์š”์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
so you don't have to actually enter anything about that.
349
899250
2656
ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋œจ๋ฉด, ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:01
The way the unit works is,
350
901930
1296
15:03
when the sun comes out, the engine will start
351
903250
2296
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
and you get power out here.
352
905570
1536
๊ต๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง๋ฅ˜ 12 ๋ณผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
15:07
We have AC and DC, get 12 volts DC,
353
907130
3696
15:10
so that could be used for certain applications.
354
910850
2216
ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต๋ฅ˜ 117 ๋ณผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:13
We have an inverter in there, so you get 117 volts AC.
355
913090
2576
๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
And you also get hot water. The hot water's optional.
356
915690
2576
๋”์šด ๋ฌผ์€ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
You don't have to use it, it will cool itself.
357
918290
2256
๋”์šด ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
But you can use it to optionally heat hot water
358
920570
2216
์ด ๋”์šด ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:22
and that brings the efficiency up even higher
359
922810
2136
ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋” ํ•œ์ธต ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
15:24
because some of the heat that you'd normally be rejecting,
360
924970
2736
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด๋“  ๋”์šด ๋ฌผ์ด๋“ 
์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
you can now use as useful energy, whether it's for a pool or hot water.
361
927730
3376
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
Let me show you a quick movie of what this looks like running.
362
931130
2920
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
This is the first test where we took it outside
363
939410
2216
15:41
and each of the petals were individually seeking.
364
941650
2336
๊ฐ ์žŽ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
15:44
And what they do is step, very coarsely at first,
365
944010
2376
15:46
and very finely afterward.
366
946410
1256
์ ์  ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Once they get a temperature reading on the thermocouple
367
947690
2616
์—ด์ „์Œ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉด,
15:50
indicating they found the sun,
368
950330
1456
15:51
they slow down and do a fine search.
369
951810
1736
์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ •๋ฐ€ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
Then the petals will move into position, and the engine will start.
370
953570
3176
๋ชจ๋“  ์žŽ๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์—”์ง„์ด ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์—”์ง„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
We've been working on this for the last two years.
371
956770
2376
๊ทธ ์ง„์ „์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„์ง ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๊ธธ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
We're very excited about the progress, we have a long way to go though.
372
959170
3376
๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
This is how we envision it would be in a residential installation:
373
962570
3256
์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค์น˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
you'd probably have more than one unit on your roof.
374
965850
2456
์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„์— ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—”์ง„์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„, ๋’ท ๋œฐ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์˜ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ณณ์—๋‚˜ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
It could be on your roof, your backyard, or somewhere else.
375
968330
2816
์ง‘ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋‹›์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
You don't have to have enough units to power your entire house,
376
971170
2976
์œ ๋‹›์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
you just save money with each incremental one you add.
377
974170
2536
16:16
So you're still using the grid potentially,
378
976730
2096
์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‘์šฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์†ก์ „๋ง์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
in this type of application, to be your backup supply --
379
978850
2656
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‚€ ๋‚ ์—” ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:21
of course, you can't use these at night, and you can't use these on cloudy days.
380
981530
3776
๋ฐฑ์—… ์ „์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ํ”ผํฌ ํƒ€์ž„์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
But by reducing your energy use, pretty much at the peak times --
381
985330
3416
16:28
usually when you have your air conditioning on,
382
988770
2216
์ข…์ข… ์—์–ด์ปจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—
16:31
or other times like that --
383
991010
1336
์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ”ผํฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
this generates the peak power at the peak usage time,
384
992370
2496
16:34
so it's very complementary in that sense.
385
994890
1976
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์™„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
This is how we would envision a residential application.
386
996890
2656
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€์— ์‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
We also think there's very big potential for energy farms,
387
999570
2736
ํŠนํžˆ ์ผ์กฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์™ธ๋”ด ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์œ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
especially in remote land where there happens to be a lot of sun.
388
1002330
3096
์ด ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
It's a really good combination of those two factors.
389
1005450
2456
์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
It turns out there's a lot of powerful sun all around the world, obviously,
390
1007930
3536
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
16:51
but in special places
391
1011490
1256
16:52
where it happens to be relatively inexpensive to place these
392
1012770
2856
๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
and also in many more places where there is high wind power.
393
1015650
2856
16:58
So an example of that is, here's the map of the United States.
394
1018530
3376
๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
Pretty much everywhere that's not green or blue is a really ideal place,
395
1021930
3416
๋…น์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
17:05
but even the green or blue areas are good,
396
1025370
2016
๋…น์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ๋„ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ณณ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
17:07
just not as good as the places that are red, orange and yellow.
397
1027410
2976
๋‹จ์ง€ ์ ์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผํ™ฉ, ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ผ์Šค๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์Šค๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์ ์ƒ‰์ ์€
17:10
But the hot spot right around Las Vegas and Death Valley is very good.
398
1030410
3336
์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
And is only affects the payback period,
399
1033770
2080
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ณธ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
it doesn't mean that you couldn't use solar energy;
400
1035874
2432
ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
you could use it anywhere on Earth.
401
1038330
1696
์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
It just affects the payback period
402
1040050
1656
์ž๋ณธ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์†ก์ „๋ง์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
if you're comparing to grid-supplied electricity.
403
1041730
2336
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์†ก์ „๋ง์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:24
But if you don't have grid-supplied electricity,
404
1044090
2255
์ž๋ณธ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
then the question of payback is a different one entirely.
405
1046369
2697
๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹น ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€,
17:29
It's just how many watts do you get per dollar,
406
1049090
2216
๊ทธ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์„์จ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
17:31
and how could you benefit from that to change your life in some way.
407
1051330
3216
์ƒํ™œ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
This is the map of the whole Earth,
408
1054570
2086
์ „์ฒด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
and you can see a huge swathe in the middle
409
1056680
2057
๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
17:38
where a large part of the population is,
410
1058761
1938
์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
there's tremendous chances for solar energy.
411
1060723
2553
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
And of course, look at Africa.
412
1063300
1457
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
The potential to take advantage of solar energy there is unbelievable,
413
1064781
3297
ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ด๋“์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
and I'm really excited to talk more about finding ways we can help with that.
414
1068102
3657
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
17:51
So, in conclusion, I would say my journey has shown me
415
1071783
3722
์ €์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:55
that you can revisit old ideas in a new light,
416
1075529
3297
17:58
and sometimes ideas that have been discarded in the past
417
1078850
2696
๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์กŒ๋˜ ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค๋„
18:01
can be practical now if you apply some new technology or new twists.
418
1081570
3536
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:05
We believe we're getting very close to something practical and affordable.
419
1085130
3496
๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ’์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
18:08
Our short-term goal for this is to be half the price of solar cells
420
1088650
3176
์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 5๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
and our longer-term goal is to be less than a five-year payback.
421
1091850
3056
18:14
And at less than a five-year payback, this becomes very economic.
422
1094930
3136
์ž๋ณธ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 5๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ‘์ง€๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
18:18
So you don't have to just have a feel-good attitude about energy
423
1098090
3056
18:21
to want to have one of these.
424
1101170
1416
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
It just makes economic sense.
425
1102610
1416
๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
18:24
Right now, solar paybacks are between 30 and 50 years.
426
1104050
2576
ํ˜„์žฌ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ณธ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 30๋…„์—์„œ 50๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
If you get it down below five years,
427
1106650
1736
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 5๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ €๋จน๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
then it's almost a no-brainer because the interest to own it --
428
1108410
2976
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
18:31
someone else will finance it for you and you can just make money from day one.
429
1111410
3696
์„ค์น˜ ๋‹น์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
So that's our real powerful goal
430
1115130
1576
18:36
that we're really shooting for in the company.
431
1116730
2176
์ €๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Two other things that I learned that were very surprising to me --
432
1118930
3136
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
one was how casual we are about energy.
433
1122090
3640
์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ,
18:47
I was walking from the elevator over here,
434
1127290
2376
18:49
and even just looking at the stage right now --
435
1129690
2216
๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ,
18:51
so there's probably 20,500-watt lights right now.
436
1131930
3536
์•„๋งˆ๋„ 20,500์™€ํŠธ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๋ช…์ด ๋น„์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
There's 10,000 watts of light pouring on the stage,
437
1135490
2416
๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์—๋Š” 10,000์™€ํŠธ ์กฐ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
18:57
one horsepower is 746 watts, at full power.
438
1137930
3376
์ „์ถœ๋ ฅ์ผ ๋•Œ 1๋งˆ๋ ฅ์€ 756์™€ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
So there's basically 15 horses running at full speed just to keep the stage lit.
439
1141330
4736
๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋น„์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง 15๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜จํž˜์„ ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—์–ด์ปจ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ํž˜์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„
19:06
Not to mention the 200 horses that are probably running right now
440
1146090
3096
200๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
to keep the air-conditioning going.
441
1149210
1696
๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์กฐ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
And it's just amazing,
442
1150930
1216
19:12
walk in the elevator, and there's lights on in the elevator.
443
1152170
2856
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ถˆ์„ ์ผœ๋†“๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
Of course, now I'm very sensitive at home when we leave the lights on by mistake.
444
1155050
3816
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
But, everywhere around us we have insatiable use for energy
445
1158890
2816
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
19:21
because it's so cheap.
446
1161730
1256
์™œ ์‹ธ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธด
19:23
And it's cheap because we've been subsidized by energy
447
1163010
2536
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:25
that's been concentrated by the sun.
448
1165570
1736
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„์œ ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๋†์ถ•๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:27
Basically, oil is solar-energy concentrate.
449
1167330
2856
์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฑ„ ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
It's been pounded for a billion years with a lot of energy
450
1170210
3336
19:33
to make it have all that energy contained in it.
451
1173570
2256
๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
And we don't have a birthright
452
1175850
1456
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
to just use that up as fast as we are, I think.
453
1177330
2216
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
And it would be great if we could make our energy usage renewable,
454
1179570
3176
19:42
where as we're using the energy, we're creating it at the same pace,
455
1182770
3216
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ํฌ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
and I really hope we can get there.
456
1186010
1696
์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ฒญ์ค‘์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
Thank you very much, you've been a great audience.
457
1187730
2941
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7