How to Make Learning as Addictive as Social Media | Duolingo's Luis Von Ahn | TED

7,967,410 views ใƒป 2023-10-26

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jinyi Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
So, I'm from Guatemala.
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์ „ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
This is a public service announcement,
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๊ณต์ต ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
that is where Guatemala is.
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00:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:13
Also, that is not where they keep the prisoners.
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋‘๋Š” ๊ณณ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธด ๊ด€ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ชจ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
That is called Guantanamo.
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00:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:18
Not the same place.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:20
So Guatemala's right below Mexico.
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00:22
And for the Americans in the audience,
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๊ฐ์„์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
00:24
and let this sink in, because it really applies in most ways,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. โ€˜๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™
00:27
for the Americans in the audience,
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00:29
you can think of it as Mexico's Mexico.
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00:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:33
Just like the US doesn't want illegal immigration from Mexico,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
00:36
Mexico doesn't want illegal immigration from Guatemala.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋„ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
It's a smaller country.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ฃ .
00:41
It's a poor country.
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00:43
And well, what can I tell you,
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๋˜ ๋ญ˜ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”,
00:45
it has much better Mexican food.
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๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์Œ์‹์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ง›์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:51
Guatemala is a very poor country.
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๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And a lot of people talk about education
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ต์œก์ด
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
as something that brings equality to different social classes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋Š˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜€์–ด์š”, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
00:59
But I always saw it as the opposite, as something that brings inequality.
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01:02
Because what happens in practice
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:04
is that people who have a lot of money can buy themselves a really good education
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
and therefore continue having a lot of money.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:10
Whereas people who don't have very much money
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์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
01:12
barely learn how to read and write
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01:13
and therefore never make a lot of money.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And this is especially true in poor countries.
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01:17
Now, I was fortunate that I received a rich person's education
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์ €๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
even though I didn't grow up rich.
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์ง‘์ด ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ์•„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:23
And itโ€™s because Iโ€™m an only child.
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01:25
And my mother, who was a single mother,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ ๊ต์œก์— ์Ÿ์œผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
01:27
spent all of her resources on my education.
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01:30
And this allowed me to come to college to the US
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๊ทธ ๋•ํƒ์— ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•ด์„œ
01:33
and eventually get a PhD in computer science.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Now because of all of this
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:39
about 10 years ago,
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์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ 10๋…„ ์ „์—
01:41
I decided I wanted to do something
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
that would give equal access to education to everyone.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
01:46
Oh, by the way, this is what I want to talk to you about today,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
giving equal access to education to everyone.
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01:51
At the time, I was a professor of computer science
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ๋ฉœ๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:53
at Carnegie Mellon University,
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01:55
and I decided to work on this with my PhD student, Severin.
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๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ • ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
The way my brain works,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์œก์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
all of education is just too general of a problem.
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02:05
So I decided, let's start by teaching one thing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And then I started thinking, OK, well, what should we teach first?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ , '๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋ญ˜ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น ๊นŒ?'
'์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜?' ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:12
Should we teach math?
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02:13
I mean, we both love math.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
02:14
Me and my cofounder, we both love math.
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02:16
And, you know, we didn't decide to do math.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:19
Then we started thinking, well, maybe we should teach computer science.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณค ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.'
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”, ๋ถ๋ฏธ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์˜์™ธ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
02:23
But eventually, and this is maybe surprising to people in North America,
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02:26
eventually, we decided that the best subject to start with
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑด
02:29
was teaching foreign languages.
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์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And let me tell you why.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
There's a number of reasons.
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02:35
One of them is that there's a huge audience for it.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Thereโ€™s about two billion people in the world learning a foreign language,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•ฝ 20์–ต ๋ช…์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆํŒŽ์—์„œ์š”.
02:41
both in school and outside of schools.
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02:43
Most of these people, by the way, are learning English.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
About 80 percent of them are learning English.
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์•ฝ 80%๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:47
In this weird map right here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
02:49
all the countries in green
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
are countries in which people are predominantly learning English.
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02:53
And the reason for that
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
is because English can truly transform your life.
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02:57
In most countries in the world,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ ์†Œ๋“์„ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
knowledge of English can significantly increase your income potential.
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03:02
So this is another reason why we decided to start with foreign languages.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด, ๊ทธ์ค‘์— ํŠนํžˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด
03:05
And it's because you can directly make more money
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
if you learn another language, in particular English.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And see, this is pretty different than many other subjects.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
03:13
For example, take math.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ ์†Œ๋“์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
In the case of math,
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03:15
just knowledge of math does not increase your income potential
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:18
because usually you have to learn math to then learn physics
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:21
to then become a civil engineer, that's how you make more money.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”์š”, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ์ธ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด
03:24
Whereas with languages, if you are a waiter and you learn English,
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03:27
now you can be a waiter at a hotel and make more money.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ˜ธํ…”์—์„œ ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
So we decided, well, let's get started by teaching languages.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Now, we also convinced ourselves
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:36
that the only way to really reach a lot of people
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
03:40
was by using a mobile phone, or a smartphone in particular.
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ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
See, building schools all over the world is simply too expensive.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
On the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:49
most of the world's population already has access to a smartphone,
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๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ฃ .
03:52
and the trend is that that fraction is only going to increase.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:55
So we decided at the time
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03:56
that we would make a way to learn foreign languages on a mobile phone
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ
์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
that was accessible to everyone.
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04:02
And then we called it Duolingo.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Thank you.
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ) ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:09
Now in order to truly be accessible to everyone, rich and poor,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋นˆ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
04:13
Duolingo uses a freemium model to support itself.
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
What that means is that you can learn as much as you want
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์ฆ‰, ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
without ever having to pay.
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04:22
But if you don't pay,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์—… ํ›„์— ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:23
you may have to see an ad at the end of a lesson.
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04:25
Now, if you don't like ads,
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๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
you can also pay to subscribe to turn off the ads.
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ต์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:30
And it turns out that the vast majority of the revenue for Duolingo
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์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
comes from people who pay to subscribe to turn off the ads.
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04:38
Now, who are these people who pay to subscribe to turn off the ads?
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๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋„๋ ค๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:41
Well, they're usually well-off people in rich countries like the US and Canada.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Who are the people who don't pay to subscribe?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:49
They usually come from poorer countries like Brazil or Vietnam or Guatemala.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ, ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
So what I like about this model
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
is that it is a small form of wealth redistribution
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04:57
because we're basically getting the rich people
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:00
to pay for the education of everyone.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
05:02
So I like that.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:03
(Applause)
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05:06
So with smartphones, we can reach a lot of people
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:09
and we can even get the rich people to pay for the whole thing,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ฃ .
05:12
which is great.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:13
However, if you're trying to deliver education with a smartphone,
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05:16
you run into a humongous problem.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
And it is that smartphones come equipped
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์—๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ
05:20
with some of the most addictive drugs that humanity has ever engineered.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
TikTok, Instagram, mobile games.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ‹ฑํ†ก, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด์ฃ .
05:27
See, delivering education over a smartphone
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ฝœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ
05:29
is like hoping that people will eat their broccoli,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ํ›„์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ๋‘๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์—์š”.
05:32
but right next to it, you put the most delicious dessert ever made.
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05:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:38
If you really want to deliver education to everyone,
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05:40
not only do you have to make it accessible,
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:42
but also you have to make it so that people want to actually learn.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And with Duolingo, we've been able to do this.
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:48
And at the highest level, the way we've done this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
๋ธŒ๋กœ์ฝœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ›„์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
is by making the broccoli taste like dessert.
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05:55
I'll say it another way.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ, ํ‹ฑํ†ก, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์ด
05:56
What we've done is that we've used the same psychological techniques
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05:59
that apps like Instagram, TikTok or mobile games use
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
to keep people engaged,
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06:05
but in this case, we use them to keep people engaged
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€, ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
but with education.
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06:09
Let me give you some examples of these techniques.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:11
One of the most powerful ones is the notion of a streak.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” '์—ฐ์†'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
What a streak is, is itโ€™s just a counter
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์—ฐ์†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
06:16
that measures the number of days
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06:18
that you've used the product consecutively.
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06:21
You just take that number,
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋„๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋‘๋ฉด
06:22
you put it very prominently in your product
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06:24
and then people come back every day.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งค์ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
06:27
And the reason people come back every day is because, well,
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๋งŒ์ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:30
if they don't come back, that number resets to zero
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์†์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
and people don't want to lose their streak.
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06:35
It works.
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:37
Now, on the one side,
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ํ•œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:38
streaks have been criticized for, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 10๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ์Šค๋ƒ…์ฑ—์— ์ค‘๋…๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ฃ .
06:42
getting teens addicted to Snapchat.
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06:44
But in the case of an educational app,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์œก์šฉ ์•ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
์—ฐ์† ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
streaks get people to come back to study every day.
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06:50
Now, to give you an idea of the power of streaks,
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์—ฐ์†์˜ ํž˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
06:52
in the case of Duolingo,
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ผ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด
06:53
we have over three million daily active users
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06:55
that have a streak longer than 365.
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365์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:02
That means they haven't missed a day in the last year or longer.
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์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ๋น ์ง„ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
07:05
Now, fun fact about streaks.
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์—ฐ์†์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค.
07:07
What country do you think has the longest average streaks
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๊ต์œก์šฉ ์•ฑ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ์† ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:11
for an educational app?
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07:13
It's Japan.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Of course.
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์—ญ์‹œ.
07:17
Shortest-ever streaks?
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์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๋‹จ ์—ฐ์† ๊ธฐ๋ก์€์š”?
07:19
Latin America, baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์ฃ .
07:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:22
But we're fun, hey, we're fun.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋‹จ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
07:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:26
Another important mechanism to get people to come back to your product
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
are notifications.
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07:31
On the one side, notifications can be really spammy and annoying,
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์งœ์ฆ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:34
but in the case of an educational product,
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๊ต์œก์šฉ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
people actually want to be reminded to learn.
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07:38
In the case of Duolingo, we have a very sophisticated AI system
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
that basically chooses when to send the notification
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€
๊ฐ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ• ์ง€ ๊ณจ๋ผ์„œ
07:46
and also what to say in each notification
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07:48
to maximize the probability that people come back.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Now, interestingly,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด๋„
07:53
even after all this sophistication,
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07:55
it turns out that the algorithm for choosing what time
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์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
to send you a notification is pretty simple.
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08:00
Do you know what is the best time to send people a notification?
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์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
I'll tell you.
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08:04
It's 24 hours after they used the product last.
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08:06
There's an easy explanation.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
If you were free yesterday at 3pm,
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์–ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ ์„ธ ์‹œ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
08:10
youโ€™re probably free today at 3pm as well.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
So this is what a very sophisticated millions of dollars of AI found.
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08:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:19
It's funny.
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์›ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
08:20
Now with notifications you shouldn't be spamming.
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์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์„ž์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
And we're not spamming, with Duolingo,
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์ŠคํŒธ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
we actually stop sending notifications after seven days of inactivity.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์น  ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฆผ ์ „์†ก์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์น  ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
So if you don't use Duolingo for seven days,
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08:30
we stop sending you notifications.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:32
Now, at some point it occurred to us,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
08:34
if we're stopping to send people notifications,
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08:36
we should let them know.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:37
So we started sending this notification to people saying,
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08:40
"Hey, these reminders don't seem to be working.
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โ€œ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฐœ์†ก์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.โ€
08:42
We'll stop sending them for now."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
08:44
You know what people do when they get this notification?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€์š”.
08:47
They come back.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:48
(Laughter)
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08:50
Passive aggressive.
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์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:54
Works for my mother, works for Duolingo.
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์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ์—์„œ๋„ ํ†ตํ•ด์š”.
08:56
(Laughter and applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:02
These passive aggressive notifications
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์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ์•Œ๋ฆผ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ๋ฐ
09:04
are really good at getting people to come back
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์˜ฌ๋นผ๋ฏธ ๋งˆ์Šค์ฝ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:07
back because they feel like our green owl mascot has given up on them,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
so they come back.
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์ด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์˜ฌ๋นผ๋ฏธ ๋งˆ์Šค์ฝ”ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
09:11
And speaking of our green owl mascot, by the way,
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•Œ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์˜ฌ๋นผ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
09:13
because all our notifications come from our green owl mascot
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์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฝค ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธด ๋…€์„์ด๋ผ
09:16
and well, he's passive aggressive and also pretty pushy,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:19
this has given rise to a lot of memes on the internet
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ—˜๋‚œํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋†€๋ ค๋Œ€๋Š”
09:21
that make fun of the great lengths that he will go through
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09:24
to get you back to learn a language.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐˆ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Here's one of my favorite ones.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:28
This is it's a meme, itโ€™s one of my favorite ones.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:30
(Laughter)
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09:32
Basically looks like you forgot your Spanish lessons.
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โ€˜์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์žŠ์œผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.โ€™
09:35
And then there's an intruder alert,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณค ์นจ์ž…์ž ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
09:36
presumably the owl broke into your house to get you to learn language.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋นผ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
09:40
Now, Duolingo has entered the zeitgeist.
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๋˜, ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ •์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And there's thousands of memes, there's SNL skits about it.
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๋ฐˆ์ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  SNL์—๋„ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
09:46
And it's because we've managed to get people to want to learn a language
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:50
by using the same techniques
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๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
09:52
that mobile games and social media use to get people engaged.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
And this is a really important point,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
let me say this.
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10:02
I don't actually believe that there's a way to make an educational app
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์šฉ ์•ฑ์„ ํ‹ฑํ†ก์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:05
be as engaging as something like TikTok or Instagram or mobile games.
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์ค‘๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:11
But the good news is that --
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10:12
And by the way, the reason I don't believe that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
10:14
is because ultimately you have to teach people something.
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋ช…์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์š”.
10:17
And it's hard to compete with, like, cats and celebrities.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹คํ–‰์ธ ๊ฑด ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:20
But the good news is that I don't think you have to.
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10:22
See, here's the thing.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
When you're learning something, you get meaning out of it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
10:26
Whereas when you're scrolling for two hours on Instagram,
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์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:29
a lot of times afterwards, you feel like you just wasted your time.
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๊ทธ์ € ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
So I think it's actually OK if your educational product
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ต์œก์šฉ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํก์ธ๋ ฅ์ด
ํ‹ฑํ†ก์˜ 80~90% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
10:36
is only 80 or 90 percent as engaging as something like TikTok,
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10:39
because the other 10 or 20 percent
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 10~ 20%๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์งˆ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:41
will be provided by people's internal motivation,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์€ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
10:44
though of course, not much more than that.
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10:46
This is really a key point.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ง„์งœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
If we want to get people to do something meaningful,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
10:51
you can use the same techniques that apps like social media use
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10:54
to get people to do it.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฑ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘๋…์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
10:56
And even if you're not as engaging as those apps are,
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10:59
you can still get hundreds of millions of people to use your product.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ˆ˜์–ต ๋ช…์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
In the case of Duolingo, for example,
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๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:04
there are more people learning languages on Duolingo in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
11:08
than there are people learning languages across all US high schools combined.
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:12
(Applause)
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11:13
And this is true in most countries in the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
My hope is that -- I know we can do this, but, you know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
11:20
my hope is that as humanity,
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11:21
we can do what Duolingo has done for learning languages
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์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
11:24
but for all other subjects.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
Where we can get people to learn math with mobile phones,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
like millions of people to learn math with mobile phones
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๋๋“ , ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด ๋๋“  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
or physics or whatever.
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11:34
I hope for a future in which screen time is not a bad thing,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
in which we can deliver high-quality education to everyone, rich or poor,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋“  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๋“  ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:42
using a mobile phone.
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11:43
But the single most important thing that I can end this talk with,
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
is a reminder to please, pretty please, I beg you,
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์ œ๋ฐœ ์ œ๋ฐœ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:52
do your language lessons today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์œผ์„ธ์š”.
11:53
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:05
Helen Walters: Luis, thank you so much.
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ์›”ํ„ฐ์Šค: ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค, ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”.
12:07
I wonder if you can just say a little bit more about that last point,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:10
how do you think you can apply this type of thinking
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:14
to other subjects?
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12:16
So you mentioned math, and things like that.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฌํƒ€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ง์”€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:18
How do you do that?
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12:20
Luis von Ahn: I think in particular,
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๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ํฐ ์•ˆ: ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค์€
12:22
subjects that are learned through repetition
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
12:24
and it turns out most things that are kind of really meaningful
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ์Šต๋“๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
12:27
are learned through thousands of repetitions.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
You learn to read through repetition,
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12:31
you learn elementary school math through repetition.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
12:33
Most things that you can learn through repetition,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋“€์˜ค๋ง๊ณ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
you can actually gamify and turn into something like Duolingo,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
12:38
where people just do it a lot and do it fun.
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์„ค๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
12:40
It's a little harder for things like explanations.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์˜์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
That probably is going to require some really good videos.
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์‚ด๋งŒ ์นธ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:46
Sal Khan is doing a really good job with that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
12:48
But for things that require a lot of repetition,
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ: ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋„ค์š”, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
I think we can use the same methods.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:52
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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