Kevin Kelly tells technology's epic story

92,487 views ・ 2010-02-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ian Park κ²€ν† : Moonjeong Kang
μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ €μ˜ 연ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기 ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”,
00:16
I want to talk about my investigations
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00:18
into what technology means in our lives --
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λ°”λ‘œ 우리의 μ‚Ά μ†μ—μ„œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
not just our immediate life, but in the cosmic sense,
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•œ 삢이 μ•„λ‹Œ, μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μœ κ΅¬ν•œ 역사
00:26
in the kind of long history of the world
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그리고 κ·Έ 속에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 우리의 μ‚Άμ˜ 터전에 κ΄€ν•œ
00:29
and our place in the world.
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μž₯λŒ€ν•œ 이야기가 λ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
What is this stuff?
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ κ³Όμ—° 무엇이며,
00:34
What is the significance?
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€,
00:35
And so, I want to kind of go through my little story
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그리고 μ œκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ μ†Œμ†Œν•œ 이야기듀도
짚고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
of what I found out.
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00:40
One of the first things I started to investigate
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μ œκ°€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 처음으둜 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ 것은,
κ·Έ μ΄λ¦„μ˜ κΈ°μ›μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
was the history of the name of technology.
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00:46
In the United States, there is a State of the Union address
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—λŠ” 1790λ…„ 이후 μž¬μž„ν–ˆλ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήλ“€μ˜
ꡭ정연섀듀이 κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
given by every president since 1790.
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κ΅­μ •μ—°μ„€ ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ—λŠ” κ·Έλ‹Ήμ‹œ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ
00:52
And each one of those is kind of summing up the most important things
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 것듀이
총 망라 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
for the United States at that time.
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00:58
If you search for the word "technology," it was not used until 1952.
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κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄, "ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€"λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
1952λ…„ μ΄ν›„μ—λ‚˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
So, technology was sort of absent from everybody's thinking until 1952,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, μ œκ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 해인 1952λ…„ 이전에 μ‚΄λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ™€λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ³„κ°œμ˜ 삢을 μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
01:08
which happened to be the year of my birth.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ, ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ”
01:10
And obviously, technology had existed before then,
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κ·Έ 이전에도 λͺ…λ°±νžˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 단지 λͺ°λžμ„ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
but we weren't aware of it.
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01:14
And so it was sort of an awakening of this force in our life.
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μ‚Ά μ†μ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό
κ·Έμ € κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ„ λΏμ΄κ² μ§€μš”.
01:19
I actually did research to find out the first use of the word "technology."
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μ €λŠ” "ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€"λΌλŠ” 말이 μ–Έμ œλΆ€ν„° μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
쑰사해 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
It was in 1829,
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1829년에 처음 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ”κ΅°μš”.
01:25
and it was invented by a guy who was starting a curriculum --
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ–΄λŠ κ΅μˆ˜κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡐ과과정을 κ°œμ„€ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°,
01:28
a course, bringing together all the kinds of arts and crafts, and industry --
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그것은 예술, 곡예 그리고 기술과 같이
λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 산업을 총 λ§λΌν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:33
and he called it "Technology."
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이것을 "ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€"라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
And that's the very first use of the word.
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이것이 "ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€" λΌλŠ” 말의 μ‹œμ΄ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
So what is this stuff
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자, μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ§€λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 미치고
01:39
that we're all consumed by and bothered by?
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 우리λ₯Ό νž˜λ“€κ²Œν•˜λŠ”
"ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€"λΌλŠ”κ²Œ λ„λŒ€μ²΄ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:45
Alan Kay calls it, "Technology is anything that was invented
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Alan KayλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
"당신이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 후에 발λͺ…λœ λͺ¨λ“  것은 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ΄λ‹€."
01:48
after you were born."
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01:49
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:50
Which is sort of the idea we normally have about what technology is:
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 생각을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
it's all that new stuff.
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그것은 μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
It's not roads, or penicillin,
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λ„λ‘œλ‚˜, νŽ˜λ‹ˆμ‹€λ¦°, ν˜Ήμ€ 곡μž₯μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  타이어 같은 것듀이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:58
or factory tires; it's the new stuff.
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μ•„μ£Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄κ²ƒλ“€μ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
My friend Danny Hillis says kind of a similar one,
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제 친ꡬ인 λŒ€λ‹ˆ νžλ¦¬μŠ€μ”¨λ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 말λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
"ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 아직 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ„ κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” 말이닀."
02:05
he says, "Technology is anything that doesn't work yet."
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02:07
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:08
Which is, again, a sense that it's all new.
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이 말 μ—­μ‹œ, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 의미λ₯Ό λ‚΄ν¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ κΌ­ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²ƒλ§Œμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ±Έ μ•Œμ£ .
02:11
But we know that it's just not new.
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02:12
It actually goes way back,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 사싀 였래 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
and what I want to suggest is, it goes a long way back.
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제 말은, μ•„μ£Ό μ˜€λž˜μ „λΆ€ν„° μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
So, another way to think about technology, what it means,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” 또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 방법은,
02:20
is to imagine a world without technology.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 세상을 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§Œμ•½ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κΉŒμ§€ λͺ¨λ‘ 없애버린닀면,
02:23
If we were to eliminate every single bit of technology in the world today --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, λͺ¨μ‘°λ¦¬ μ—†μ• λŠ” κ±Έ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
and I mean everything, from blades to scrapers to cloth --
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μΉΌλ‚ , 긁개, μ˜·κ°κΉŒμ§€λ„ λͺ¨μ‘°λ¦¬ λ‹€ μ—†μ•€λ‹€λ©΄
02:31
we, as a species, would not live very long.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 였래 살아남지 λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
We would die by the billions, and very quickly:
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μ…€ μˆ˜μ—†μ΄ λ§Žμ€ 이유둜, μ•„μ£Ό λΉ λ₯Έ μ‹œμΌλ‚΄μ— μ£½μ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
the wolves would get us, we would be defenseless,
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λŠ‘λŒ€ν•œν…Œ μž‘ν˜€λ¨Ήνžμˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μ§€μš”. 무방비 μƒνƒœκ°€ λ ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:40
we would be unable to grow enough food or find enough food.
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μž¬λ°°ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜, ν˜Ήμ€ μ±„μ§‘ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ νž˜λ“€μ–΄μ§ˆκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Even the hunter-gatherers used some elementary tools.
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μˆ˜λ ΅μ±„μ§‘μΈλ“€ 쑰차도 기초적인 λ„κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
So, they had minimal technology,
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그듀은, μ‚¬μ†Œν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:49
but they had some technology.
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
02:51
And if we study those hunter-gatherer tribes
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초기의 인λ₯˜μ™€ μ•„μ£Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μˆ˜λ ΅μ±„μ§‘μΈκ³Ό
02:54
and the Neanderthal, which are very similar to early man,
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λ„€μ•ˆλ°λ₯΄νƒˆμΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 쑰사해 λ³΄μ•˜λŠ”λ°μš”,
02:58
we find out a very curious thing about this world without technology,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 삢에 λŒ€ν•œ ν₯미둜운 점듀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
and this is a kind of a curve of their average age.
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이것은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 평균연령 뢄포 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
There are no Neanderthal fossils that are older than 40 years old
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λ§ˆν”μ΄ λ„˜λŠ” λ„€μ•ˆλ°λ₯΄νƒˆμΈμ˜ 화석은 발견된 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
적어도 κΈ°λ‘μƒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
that we've ever found,
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μˆ˜λ ΅μ±„μ§‘μΈμ˜ 평균 λ‚˜μ΄λŠ”
03:10
and the average age of most of these hunter-gatherer tribes is 20 to 30.
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20, 30λŒ€μ―€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
There are very few young infants, because they die -- high mortality rate --
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κ°“λ‚œμ•„κΈ°λ“€μ˜ 높은 사망λ₯ λ‘œ 인해,
κ°“λ‚œ μ•„κΈ°λ“€μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ κ³ μš”, λ…ΈμΈλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜λ„ μ•„μ£Ό μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
and there's very few old people.
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μ–΄μ°Œλ³΄λ©΄ μƒŒν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ½”μ˜ 상황과도 쑰금 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
So the profile is sort of for your average San Francisco neighborhood:
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03:24
a lot of young people.
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μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ μ•„μ£Ό 많죠.
03:26
And if you go there, you say, "Hey, everybody's really healthy."
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κ±°κΈ° κ°€λ©΄ λ‹€λ“€ "였, λ‹€λ“€ 정말 κ±΄κ°•ν•΄λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ΅°." 이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
03:29
Well, that's because they're all young.
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μˆ˜λ ΅μ±„μ§‘μΈλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 초기 인λ₯˜λ“€λ„ 30μ‚΄ μ •λ„μ—μ„œ 생을 λ§ˆκ°ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ,
03:31
Same thing with the hunter-gatherer tribes and early man:
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거의 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μΈκ±°μ£ .
03:34
you didn't live beyond the age of 30.
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03:35
So it was a world without grandparents.
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ ˆμ€ 할아버지와 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ μ—†λŠ” μ„Έμƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
And grandparents are very important,
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할아버지와 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μΈλ°μš”,
λ°”λ‘œ, 문화적인 진화와 정보λ₯Ό ν›„μ†λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ—­ν™œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
because they are the transmitter of cultural evolution and information.
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03:43
Imagine a world where basically everybody was 20 to 30 years old.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 20, 30λŒ€μΈ 세상을 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:46
How much learning can you do?
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κ³Όμ—° λ°°μ›€μ˜ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ κΉŒμš”?
03:48
You can't do very much learning in your own life,
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λ³„λ‘œ 없을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
it's so short,
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였래 살지도 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ”데닀가,
03:52
and there's nobody to pass on what you do learn.
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무언가λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³ 쀄 μ‚¬λžŒλ„ μ—†μ„ν…Œλ‹ˆ 말이죠.
03:54
So that's one aspect.
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그것이 ν•œκ°€μ§€ μΈ‘λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
It was a very short life.
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μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 μ‚Άμ΄μ—ˆμ£ . κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ,
03:58
But at the same time, anthropologists know
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인λ₯˜ν•™μžλ“€μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
04:01
that most hunter-gatherer tribes of the world,
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜,
04:04
with that very little technology,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μˆ˜λ ΅μ±„μ§‘μΈλ“€μ€
04:05
actually did not spend a very long time gathering the food they needed:
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사싀 μ‹λŸ‰ 채집에 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 보내지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
04:09
three to six hours a day.
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— 3~6μ‹œκ°„ μ •λ„μ˜€μ§€μš”.
04:11
Some anthropologists call that the original affluent society,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 삢을 ν’μš”λ‘œμš΄ μ‚Άμ˜ ν‘œλ³Έμ΄λΌκ³  μΉ­ν•˜λŠ” 인λ₯˜ν•™μžλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 μ‹œκ°„λ§Œ μΌν•˜κ³ λ„
04:15
because they had bankers' hours, basically.
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04:17
So it was possible to get enough food.
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μŒμ‹μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ΅¬ν• μˆ˜ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ 말이죠.
04:20
But when the scarcity came,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 기근이 μ˜€κ±°λ‚˜,
04:22
when the highs and lows and the droughts came,
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기온이 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ λ³€ν•˜κ³  가뭄이 λ“ λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜ ν•˜λ©΄,
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ꡢ주리기 μΌμ‘€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
then people went into starvation.
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04:27
And that's why they didn't live very long.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 였래 살지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
04:29
So what technology brought,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯은 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬κΈ° μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ•„μ£Ό μž‘κ³ 
04:32
through the very simple tools like these stone tools here --
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04:36
even something as small as this --
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ„κΈ°λ“€λ§Œ 가지고도
04:38
the early bands of humans were actually able to eliminate to extinction
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그듀이 λ§Œλ…„μ „μ— 남아메리카에
처음 μ •μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 이전뢀터 μ‚΄κ³ μžˆλ˜
04:43
about 250 megafauna animals in North America
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250μ’…μ˜ κ±°λŒ€ 동물듀을
λ©Έμ’…μ‹œν‚¬μˆ˜ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
when they first arrived 10,000 years ago.
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04:51
So, long before the industrial age,
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인λ₯˜λŠ” μ‚°μ—…μ‹œλŒ€ 훨씬 이전뢀터
04:53
we've been affecting the planet on a global scale
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적은 μ–‘μ˜ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μ§€κ³ μ„œ
04:56
with just a small amount of technology.
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지ꡬ 전지역에 걸쳐 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³μ™”λ˜ 것이죠.
04:58
The other thing that the early man invented was fire.
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초기 인λ₯˜μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ€ λΆˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λΆˆμ€ μƒν™œ 터전을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
05:02
And fire was used to clear out, and again,
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이것 μ—­μ‹œ, λͺ©μ΄ˆμ§€μ™€ λŒ€λ₯™ μ „μ²΄μ˜ μƒνƒœκ³„μ— μ»€λ‹€λž€ 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
affected the ecology of grass and whole continents,
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05:07
and was used in cooking.
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λΆˆμ€ μš”λ¦¬μ—λ„ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
05:10
It enabled us to actually eat all kinds of things.
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 인λ₯˜λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 거의 λͺ¨λ“  것을 먹을 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
It was, in a certain sense, in a McLuhan sense,
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이것은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보면, λ§₯λ£¨ν•œμ‹μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면,
또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μœ„μž₯인 μ…ˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
an external stomach,
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05:17
in the sense that it was cooking food that we could not eat otherwise.
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μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” 먹을 수 μ—†λ˜ 것듀을 뢈둜 μš”λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ λ¨Ήμ„μˆ˜ 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ 말이죠.
05:20
And if we didn't have fire, we actually could not live.
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뢈이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄, 인λ₯˜λŠ” μ‚΄ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
Our bodies have adapted to these new diets.
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우리 λͺΈμ€ 이런 μš”λ¦¬λœ μŒμ‹μ— μ μ‘λ˜μ–΄ μ™”κ³ ,
05:26
Our bodies have changed in the last 10,000 years.
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μ§€λ‚œ 10,000λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 많이 λ³€ν™” λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
So, with that little bit of technology,
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인λ₯˜λŠ” 이런 μž‘μ€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό 가지고
05:32
humans went from a small band of 10,000 or so --
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만λͺ… 정도, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 전세계에 있던 λ„€μ•ˆλ°λ₯΄νƒˆμΈ 숫자라고 보면 되겠죠
05:34
the same number as Neanderthals everywhere --
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ†Œμˆ˜μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 인λ₯˜λŠ”
5λ§Œλ…„ μ „ 경에 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μƒκ²¨λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ
05:37
and we suddenly exploded.
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05:38
With the invention of language around 50,000 years ago,
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κ·Έ μˆ˜κ°€ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
the number of humans exploded,
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인λ₯˜μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ,
05:42
and very quickly became the dominant species on the planet.
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인λ₯˜λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„Έν•œ 쒅쑱이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
And they migrated into the rest of the world
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그듀은 수 μ²œλ…„λ™μ•ˆ, ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ λŒ€λž΅ 2ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„°μ”©
05:48
at two kilometers per year
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05:49
until, within several tens of thousands of years,
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거주지λ₯Ό λ„“ν˜€ λ‚˜κ°”κ³ ,
05:52
we occupied every single watershed on the planet
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μ‚΄κΈ° 쒋은곳이라면 어디든지 인λ₯˜κ°€ μ‚΄κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
and became the most dominant species,
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ§Œμ„ 가지고
05:56
with a very small amount of technology.
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κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„Έν•œ 쒅쑱이 λœκ²ƒμ΄μ£ .
그리고 8000~10000 λ…„ μ „ κ²½,
05:59
And even at that time, with the introduction of agriculture,
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λ†κ²½μ˜ λ„μž…κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
06:02
8,000, 10,000 years ago,
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06:03
we started to see climate change.
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인λ₯˜λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•΄ μΈμ‹ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
So climate change is not a new thing; what's new is just the degree of it.
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κΈ°ν›„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
λ‹€λ§Œ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 정도가 λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
Even during the agricultural age, there was climate change.
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λ†κ²½μ‹œλŒ€μ—λ„ κΈ°ν›„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λŠ” μžˆμ–΄μ™”λ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
So already, small amounts of technology were transforming the world.
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이미 μž‘μ€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ“€μ΄
세상을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
And what this means, and where I'm going,
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이것은 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ— 걸처
06:18
is that technology has become the most powerful force in the world.
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μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 힘이 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
All the things we see today that are changing our lives,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  우리의 μ£Όλ³€μ˜
우리의 삢을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀은
06:25
we can always trace back
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06:26
to the introduction of some new technology.
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μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ†Œκ°œλ˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
06:28
So it's a force,
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그것은 νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지ꡬ상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆλ˜ 힘 μ€‘μ—μ„œ
06:30
that is the most powerful force that has been unleashed on this planet,
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κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
and in such a degree,
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ νž˜λ“€μ΄
06:36
that I think it's become who we are.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆμ˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
In fact, our humanity and everything that we think about ourselves,
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사싀, 우리 인λ₯˜μ™€ μš°λ¦¬λ“€ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  생각은
06:45
is something we've invented.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆ 발λͺ…ν•΄ 온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
So we've invented ourselves.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우리 μžμ‹ μ„ 발λͺ…ν•΄ 온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
Of all the animals that we've domesticated,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 길듀인 λͺ¨λ“  동물듀 μ€‘μ—μ„œ, κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 동물은
06:50
the most important animal has been us.
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우리 μžμ‹ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:54
So humanity is our greatest invention,
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인λ₯˜λŠ” 우리의 κ°€μž₯ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 발λͺ…ν’ˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
but of course, we're not done yet.
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 우린 아직 λ―Έμ™„μ„±μ΄μ§€μš”.
06:59
We're still inventing,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직도 발λͺ…λ˜κ³  있고, ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 이것을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
and this is what technology is allowing us to do;
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 우리λ₯Ό 재발λͺ… ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
it's continually to reinvent ourselves.
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07:05
It's a very, very strong force.
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
I call this entire thing -- us humans as our technology,
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μ €λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀, 우리 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ” 것과,
07:10
everything that we've made, gadgets in our lives --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“  λͺ¨λ“  것듀, 우리 μ‚Ά μ†μ˜ μž‘κ³  μœ μš©ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜λ“€,
07:13
we call that the technium.
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이런 것듀을 ν…Œν¬λ‹ˆμ›€μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ 이 세계λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
07:14
That's this world.
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μ €λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ 정신이 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것을
07:16
My working definition of technology is:
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λΌκ³  μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
anything useful that a human mind makes.
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07:20
It's not just hammers and gadgets, like laptops.
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κΌ­ λ§μΉ˜λ‚˜ λž©νƒ‘ 컴퓨터 같은 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„
법도 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ΅¬μš”, λ„μ‹œλ„ 우리의 삢을 νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όλ‹ˆκΉŒ
07:23
But it's also law.
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07:24
And, of course, cities are ways to make things more useful to us.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€ μ΄μ§€μš”.
07:29
While this is something that comes from our mind,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 비둝 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생각해 λ‚Έ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έ 기원을
07:32
it also has its roots deeply into the cosmos.
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찾을 μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
It goes back.
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거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€μ„œ, ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ˜ 근원은
07:37
The origins and roots of technology go back to the Big Bang,
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λΉ…λ±…μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
in this way, in that they are part of this self-organizing thread
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ€
λΉ…λ±…μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ€ν•˜μ™€ 별듀을 μ§€λ‚˜
우리의 μ‚Ά, 우리 μžμ‹ κΉŒμ§€
07:45
that starts at the Big Bang and goes through galaxies and stars,
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λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 슀슀둜
07:49
into life, into us.
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ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ–΄μ˜¨ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
07:51
And the three major phases of the early universe
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초창기 우주의 3κ°€μ§€μ˜ 핡심 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
was energy, when the dominant force was energy;
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ μš°μ„Έν•œ νž˜μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μ‹μ–΄κ°€λ©΄μ„œ, μš°μ„Έν•œ νž˜μ€ 물질이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
then the dominant force, as it cooled, became matter;
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그리고 400λ§Œλ…„μ „ μ¦ˆμŒμ— 생λͺ…이 νƒ„μƒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ,
07:59
and then, with the invention of life four billion years ago,
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08:02
the dominant force in our neighborhood became information.
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우리 μ£Όμœ„μ˜ μš°μ„Έν•œ νž˜μ€ 정보가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정보λ₯Ό μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
08:05
That's what life is:
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08:06
an information process that was restructuring
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ™”λ˜ μ •λ³΄μ²˜λ¦¬ κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
and making new order.
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μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈμ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ΄
08:10
So, energy and matter, Einstein showed were equivalent,
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λ™μΌν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ 
08:13
and now new sciences of quantum computing show that entropy and information
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μ–‘μž μ»΄ν“¨νŒ…μ— κ΄€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³Όν•™ 이둠듀은
μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό, 정보, 물질, 그리고 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 이 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€
08:19
and matter and energy
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08:20
are all interrelated.
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μ„œλ‘œ 관계가 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 연속체인것이죠.
08:22
So it's one long continuum.
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08:24
You put energy into the right kind of system,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œλ§žμ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμœΌλ‘œ λ„£μœΌλ©΄,
08:27
and out comes wasted heat, entropy,
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그것이 μ†Œλͺ¨λœ 열인 μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Όμ™€
08:30
and extropy, which is order.
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μ§ˆμ„œμΈ μ—‘μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œν”Όκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ .
08:33
It's the increased order.
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이것은 μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ ˆμ°¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
Where does this order come from?
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자, 이 μ§ˆμ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ 온 κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”? κ·Έ 근원은 μ•„μ£Ό 였래 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
Its roots go way back.
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08:37
We actually don't know.
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사싀 우린 잘 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
But we do know
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ, 우주 μ „λ°˜μ— 걸친 μžκ°€ ν˜•μ„± κ²½ν–₯은
08:40
that the self-organization trend throughout the universe is long,
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μ•„μ£Ό 였래 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
08:44
and it began with things like galaxies;
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μž‘μ€ μ€ν•˜ 같은 κ²ƒμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ€ν•˜λ“€μ€ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 체계λ₯Ό 수 μ–΅λ…„λ™μ•ˆ μœ μ§€ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
they maintained their order for billions of years.
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08:49
Stars are basically nuclear fission machines
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별듀은 κΈ°λ³Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 수 μ–΅λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 슀슀둜 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
08:53
that self-organize and self-sustain themselves for billions of years:
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슀슀둜 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” ν•΅ λΆ„μ—΄ μž₯치라고 볼수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
order against the extropy of the world.
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이 μ§ˆμ„œλŠ” μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ—‘μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œν”Όμ™€λŠ” μƒλ°˜λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
08:58
And flowers and plants are the same thing, extended,
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꽃듀과 식물듀은 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™•μž₯된 것이죠.
09:03
and technology is basically an extension of life.
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그리고 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 생λͺ…μ˜ ν™•μž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ²Œλœ 것은,
09:09
One trend that we notice in all those things
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09:12
is that the amount of energy per gram per second
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사물을 톡해 흐λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‹¨μœ„ μ§ˆλŸ‰ 및 μ‹œκ°„λ‹Ή μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŸ‰μ΄
사싀 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
that flows through this
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09:16
is actually increasing.
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09:17
The amount of energy is increasing through this little sequence.
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이 μž‘μ€ 단계λ₯Ό κ±°μ³κ°€λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŸ‰μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
And the amount of energy per gram per second that flows through life
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그리고 생λͺ…을 톡해 흐λ₯΄λŠ” μˆœκ°„ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŸ‰μ€
09:26
is actually greater than a star --
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사싀상 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 별이 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 그것보닀 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
because of the star's long lifespan,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ³„μ˜ 생λͺ… μ£ΌκΈ°λŠ” 맀우 κΈΈμ–΄μ„œ
09:31
the energy density in life is actually higher than a star.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 밀도가 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 별보닀 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
And the energy density that we see in the greatest amount
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ£Όμœ„μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 것 쀑에
09:37
anywhere in the universe
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 밀도가 κ°€μž₯ 높은 것은 PC μΉ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
is actually in a PC chip.
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09:40
There is more energy flowing through, per gram per second,
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PC μΉ©μ—λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·Έ 무엇보닀
09:43
than anything that we have any other experience with.
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더 λ§Žμ€ λ‹¨μœ„ μ§ˆλŸ‰ 및 μ‹œκ°„λ‹Ή μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 흐λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
And so, what I would suggest
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μ œκ°€ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 말씀은, 만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
09:48
is that if you want to see where technology is going,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ–΄λ””λ‘œ κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹œλ‹€λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 계속 κ·Έ κΆ€λ„λ‘œ κ°€κ³  μžˆκ³ μš”,
09:51
we continue that trajectory,
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09:52
and we say, "Well, it's going to become more energy-dense,
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그리고 더 높은 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 밀도λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆλ§Œν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”,
09:55
that's where it's going."
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ˜ 진행 λ°©ν–₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
And so what I've done is, I've taken the same kinds of things
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저도 λ¬Όλ‘  이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 일을 ν•΄μ˜€κ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
생λͺ…μ˜ 진화에 λŒ€ν•œ 이면을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³ ,
10:00
and looked at other aspects of evolutionary life and say,
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생λͺ…μ˜ 진화에 λŒ€ν•œ 일반적인 κ²½ν–₯이
10:03
"What are the general trends in evolutionary life?"
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무엇인지에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
And there are things moving towards greater complexity,
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그것듀은
μ•„μ£Ό λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§€κ³ , ꡉμž₯히 닀양해지고,
10:08
moving towards greater diversity, moving towards greater specialization,
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보닀 νŠΉν™”λ˜μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆκ³ μš”,
10:12
sentience, ubiquity, and most important, evolvability.
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감각성(sentience), νŽΈμž¬μ„±(ubiquity), 그리고 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 진화성(evolvability)의 νŠΉμ„±λ„ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
Those very same things are also present in technology.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ—μ„œλ„ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
That's where technology is going.
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그것이 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ§„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
In fact, technology is accelerating all the aspects of life.
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사싀 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 우리의 μ‚Άμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  뢀뢄에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
κ°€μ†μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
And we can see that happening;
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그런 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우리 삢에 닀양성이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ,
10:29
just as there's diversity in life, there's more diversity in things we make.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ—λŠ” κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ 닀양성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
Things in life start off being general cells,
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생λͺ…μ²΄λŠ” λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ νŠΉν™”λ˜μ–΄ κ°€μ§€μš”.
10:35
and they become specialized:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ 세포 쑰직듀을 가지고 있죠.
10:36
you have tissue cells, muscle, brain cells.
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근윑 세포와 λ‡Œμ„Έν¬ 쑰직을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이런 ν˜„μƒμ€
10:39
The same thing happens with, say, a hammer,
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λ§μΉ˜μ™€ 같은 것이죠. 일반적인 λ¬΄μ–Έκ°€μ—μ„œ
10:41
which is general at first and becomes more specific.
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ꡬ체적인 λ¬΄μ–Έκ°€λ‘œ νŠΉν™” 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
So I would like to say that while there are six kingdoms of life,
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μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μ‹Άμ€κ²ƒμ€, 기쑴의 6개의 계에 덧뢙여,
10:46
we can think of technology basically as a seventh kingdom of life.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό 일곱번째 계라고
μƒκ°ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
It's a branching off from the human form.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° νŒŒμƒλ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
10:52
But technology has its own agenda, like anything, like life itself.
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κ·Έ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ μ•„μ  λ‹€λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
생λͺ… κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜λ“―μ΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
For instance, right now, three-quarters of the energy that we use
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μ§€κΈˆμ„ 예둜 λ“€λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ“°λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 3/4은
10:59
is actually used to feed the technium itself.
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사싀상 ν…Œν¬λ‹ˆμ›€ κ·Έ 자체λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
In transportation, it's not to move us;
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μˆ˜μ†‘μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ, 그것은 우리λ₯Ό 움직이기 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
11:03
it's to move the stuff we make or buy.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€κ±°λ‚˜ κ΅¬μž…ν•˜λŠ” 것듀을 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
I use the word "want." Technology wants.
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μ €λŠ” "μ›ν•œλ‹€" λΌλŠ” 말을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
This is a robot that wants to plug itself in to get more power.
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이 λ‘œλ΄‡μ€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ „λ ₯λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν”ŒλŸ¬κ·Έλ₯Ό 꽂기λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
Your cat wants more food.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μŒμ‹μ„ μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ˜μ‹μ„ μ „ν˜€ κ°€μ§€κ³ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λΌλ„
11:13
A bacterium, which has no consciousness at all,
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11:15
wants to move towards light.
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λΆˆλΉ›μ„ ν–₯ν•΄μ„œ 움직이기λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
It has an urge, and technology has an urge.
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즉, μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
At the same time, it wants to give us things,
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λ™μ‹œμ—, ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
and what it gives us is basically progress.
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그것은 기본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ "진보" λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
You can take all kinds of curves, and they're all pointing up.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ·Έλž˜ν”„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜λ‚˜κ°™μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
진보에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ…Όλž€μ˜ 여지가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
There's really no dispute about progress,
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11:30
if we discount the cost of that.
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λ§Œμ•½μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„μš©μ„ μ€„μΌμˆ˜λ§Œ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
11:33
And that's the thing that bothers most people,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ νž˜λ“€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 사싀은
11:35
is that progress is really real, but we wonder and question:
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진보가 정말 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ μΈ λΉ„μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κΆκΈˆν•΄ν•˜λ©° λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
What are the environmental costs of it?
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11:41
I did a survey of the number of species of artifacts in my house,
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μ €λŠ” μ €μ˜ 집에 λͺ‡ 가지 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 물건이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
and there's 6,000.
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λŒ€λž΅ 6,000κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 10,000가지 물건을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ„ μžˆλ”κ΅°μš”.
11:46
Other people have come up with 10,000.
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11:48
When King Henry of England died,
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영ꡭ κ΅­μ™• ν—¨λ¦¬κ»˜μ„œ μ„œκ±° ν•˜μ…¨μ„ λ•Œ,
11:51
he had 18,000 things in his house,
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그의 μ§‘μ—λŠ” 18,000 κ°€μ§€μ˜ 물건이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:53
but that was the entire wealth of England, so ...
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그것듀이 영ꡭ의 μ „ μž¬μ‚°μ΄λ‚˜ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
(Laughter)
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 영ꡭ의 μ „μž¬μ‚°μ„ 가지고도
11:58
And with that entire wealth of England,
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12:00
King Henry could not buy any antibiotics,
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ν—¨λ¦¬λŠ” ν•­μƒμ œλ₯Ό μ‚΄ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
12:03
he could not buy refrigeration,
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냉μž₯고도 μ‚΄ 수 μ—†μ—ˆκ³ , 1000 λ§ˆμΌμ— 이λ₯΄λŠ” 여행을 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
he could not buy a trip of a thousand miles,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μΈλ„μ˜ 이 인λ ₯거꾼은
12:07
whereas this rickshaw wallah in India could save up and buy antibiotics
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λˆμ„ λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ ν•­μƒμ œλ₯Ό μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
and he could buy refrigeration.
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냉μž₯고도 μ‚΄ 수 있겠죠.
12:13
He could buy things that King Henry, in all his wealth, could never buy.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 헨리 ꡭ왕이 재λ ₯μœΌλ‘œλ„ 사지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ 것듀을 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
That's what progress is about.
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μ§„λ³΄λž€ 이런 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
So, technology is selfish; technology is generous.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μ΄κΈ°μ μ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ κ΄€λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
That conflict, that tension, will be with us forever:
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°ˆλ“±κ³Ό κΈ΄μž₯감은 μ˜μ›νžˆ μš°λ¦¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ§€μ†λ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:24
sometimes it wants to do what it wants to do,
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μ–΄μ©”λ•ŒλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•˜κ³ μ‹Άμ€ κ²ƒλ§Œ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λ©°,
λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 우리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €κ³  ν• κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
and sometimes it's going to do things for us.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ•Ό 할지 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ ν•˜κ³€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
We have confusion about what we should think
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12:31
about a new technology.
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12:32
Right now the default position when a new technology comes along,
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ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ†Œκ°œλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 기본적인 μžμ„ΈλŠ”
12:36
is people talk about the precautionary principle,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 예방 원칙(precautionary principle)을 κ±°λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
which is very common in Europe,
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이것은 μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό 일반적인 일이죠.
12:40
which says, basically, "Don't do anything.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œλ“€ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ™€ λ§ˆμ£Όν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,"
12:42
When you meet a new technology, stop,
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"λ©ˆμΆ°μ„œμ„œ, 그것이 해둭지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ”κ²Œ"
12:45
until it can be proven that it does no harm."
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"ν™•μ‹€ν•΄μ§ˆ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€λŠ” 아무것도 ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”!"
제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” 이건 정말 낭비적인 μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
I think that really leads nowhere.
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12:50
But a better way is what I call the proactionary principle,
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μ €λŠ” μ„ ν–‰ 원칙(proactionary principle) 이 더 λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”,
그것은 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•΄ λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:53
which is, you engage with technology.
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12:55
You try it out.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ ν•΄λ³΄κ΅¬μš”.
12:57
You obviously do what the precautionary principle suggests,
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 예방 원칙에도 따라 λ³΄κ΅¬μš”,
13:01
you try to anticipate it,
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜ˆμƒν•œ ν›„μ—λŠ”
13:02
but after anticipating it,
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그것을 λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ ν‰κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
you constantly asses it,
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13:05
not just once, but eternally.
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ν•œ 번만 ν•˜κ³  λ§ˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
13:07
And when it diverts from what you want,
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그리고 그것이 μ˜ˆμƒμ„ λΉ—λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄,
13:10
we prioritize risk, we evaluate not just the new stuff,
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μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄κ²ƒ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
였래된 κ²ƒλ“€κΉŒμ§€λ„ 평가λ₯Ό ν•˜μ£ .
13:13
but the old stuff.
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13:14
We fix it; but most importantly,
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그것듀을 μˆ˜μ •ν•˜κ³ , κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 재배치 μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:16
we relocate it.
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13:17
And what I mean by that is,
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μ œκ°€ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 말씀은,
13:19
we find a new job for it.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ°ΎμœΌλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
Nuclear energy, fission, is a really bad idea for bombs.
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핡동λ ₯, ν•΅λΆ„μ—΄ κΈ°μˆ μ„ 폭탄을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은
μ •λ§λ‘œ λ‚˜μœ μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
But it may be a pretty good idea relocated into sustainable nuclear energy
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•΅ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은
μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 쒋은 생각일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
for electricity, instead of burning coal.
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ν™”λ ₯ λ°œμ „μ˜ λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ 말이죠.
13:33
When we have a bad idea,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜μœ 생각을 λ“£κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ, 아무 생각이 μ—†λ‹€λ˜μ§€
13:34
the response to a bad idea
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13:36
is not no ideas, it's not to stop thinking.
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생각을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ € ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
The response to a bad idea --
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λ‚˜μœ 생각에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
마치, ν……μŠ€ν… λ°±μ—΄ 전ꡬ 같은 것이,
13:42
like, say, a tungsten lightbulb --
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13:44
is a better idea.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 생각인 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
13:46
So, better ideas is really always the response
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더 λ‚˜μ€ μƒκ°μ΄λž€, 우리의 λ§˜μ— 듀지 μ•ŠλŠ”
13:50
to technology we don't like;
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 더 λ‚˜μ€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ‘œ
13:51
it's basically better technology.
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λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
And actually, in a certain sense, technology is a kind of a method
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사싀, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보면 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ”
더 λ‚˜μ€ 생각을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
for generating better ideas,
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13:59
if you can think about it that way.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:01
So, maybe spraying DDT on crops is a really bad idea.
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DDTλ₯Ό λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ— μ‚΄ν¬ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ 정말 λ‚˜μœ μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:04
But DDT sprayed on local homes --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 말라리아λ₯Ό λ°©μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
14:07
there's nothing better to eliminate malaria,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 방법이 μ—†λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œλŠ”
14:10
besides insect DDT-impregnated mosquito nets.
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μ§‘μ•ˆμ˜ λͺ¨κΈ°μž₯에 DDTλ₯Ό λΏŒλ €λ‘λŠ” 것은
14:14
But that's a really good idea; that's a good job for technology.
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정말 쒋은 μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μ•„μ£Ό 잘 ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
14:17
So our job as humans is to parent our mind children,
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μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  일은
아이듀이 쒋은 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ 많이 λ§Œλ‚  수 μžˆλ„λ‘,
14:21
to find them good friends,
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그리고 쒋은 직업을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
14:23
to find them a good job.
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아이듀을 잘 λ³΄μ‚΄νŽ΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:24
And so, every technology is sort of a creative force
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λͺ¨λ“  ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 쒋은 일을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•œ
14:27
looking for the right job.
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창의적인 νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
That's actually my son, right here.
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μ—¬κΈ° 이녀석은 제 μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:32
There are no bad technologies,
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λ‚˜μœ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λž€κ²ƒμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
just as there are no bad children.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ‚˜μœ 아이듀은 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
14:37
We don't say children are neutral; children are positive.
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μ•„μ΄λ“€ν•œν…ŒλŠ” μ€‘λ¦½μ μ΄λ‹ˆ, κΈμ •μ μ΄λ‹ˆ ν•˜λŠ” 말을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€μš”
14:39
We just have to find them the right place.
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κ·Έμ € λ°”λžŒμ§ν•œ λ©΄λͺ¨λ§Œμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
And so, what technology gives us over the long term --
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ£ΌλŠ” 것은,
였랜 κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ, ν™•μž₯된 진보λ₯Ό 톡해,
14:46
over this sort of extended evolution from the beginning of time,
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νƒœμ΄ˆλΆ€ν„°, 식물과 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ λ°œμƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°,
14:49
through the invention of the plants and animals,
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그리고 생λͺ…μ˜ 진보,
14:53
and the evolution of life, the evolution of brains --
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λ‘λ‡Œμ˜ 진보λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬,
14:56
what that is constantly giving us is increasing differences:
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μ£Όκ³ μžˆλŠ” 것은
λ§Žμ€ 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
It's increasing diversity, it's increasing options,
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그것은 닀양성을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 선택을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ„ νƒκΆŒκ³Ό κΈ°νšŒλ“€,
15:03
it's increasing choices, opportunities, possibilities and freedoms.
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κ°€λŠ₯μ„±, 그리고 μžμœ λ„λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
15:07
That's what we get from technology all the time.
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15:09
That's why people leave villages and go into cities --
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μ–»λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ˆμ„μ„ λ– λ‚˜
λ„μ‹œλ‘œ κ°€λŠ” 이유이며, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ„ νƒκΆŒκ³Ό κ°€λŠ₯성에
15:12
because they are always gravitating towards increased choices
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μ΄λŒλ¦¬λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:16
and possibilities.
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15:17
And we are aware of the price;
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” μΉ˜λ€„μ•Ό ν•  λŒ“κ°€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
we pay a price for that, but we're aware of it,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ“κ°€λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£¨μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:22
and generally, we will pay the price for increased freedoms,
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그리고 기꺼히 λŒ“κ°€λ₯Ό 치루고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
더 λ§Žμ€ μžμœ μ™€ μ„ νƒκΆŒκ³Ό 기회λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:25
choices and opportunities.
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15:27
Even technology wants clean water.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 물을 κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
15:30
Is technology diametrically opposed to nature?
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그것은 ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μžμ—°μ—
λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
15:34
Because technology is an extension of life,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 생λͺ…μ˜ ν™•μž₯이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
15:37
it's in parallel and aligned with the same things
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생λͺ…이 μ›ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒλ“€κ³Ό
평행선 상에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:40
that life wants.
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15:42
So that I think technology loves biology,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 생물학을 μ’‹μ•„ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:44
if we allow it to.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν—ˆλ½ν•˜κΈ°λ§Œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:46
Great movement starting billions of years ago
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수 μ‹­ 얡년전에 μ‹œμž‘λœ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ›€μ§μž„μ΄
15:50
is moving through us and it continues to go,
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우리λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 미래둜 λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•Šκ³  흐λ₯΄κ³  μž‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:52
and our choice, so to speak, in technology,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 슀슀둜λ₯Ό
μš°λ¦¬λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 μž₯λŒ€ν•œ 힘인
15:56
is really to align ourselves with this force
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€μ— λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:58
much greater than ourselves.
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15:59
So, technology is more than just the stuff in your pocket;
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ 속에 μžˆλŠ” 물건 뿐만이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:02
it's more than just gadgets,
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μž‘μ€ μž₯μΉ˜λ‚˜, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 발λͺ…ν•œ 물건듀보닀 훨씬 λ°©λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:04
it's more than just things that people invent.
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 였래된
16:06
It's actually part of a very long story -- a great story --
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수 μ‹­μ–΅λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λœ μž₯λŒ€ν•œ μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 일뢀이며,
16:10
that began billions of years ago.
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16:11
It's moving through us, this self-organization,
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우리λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ§„λ³΄λ˜κ³ , 슀슀둜 체계화 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό ν™•μž₯ν•˜κ³  κ°€μ†μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:14
and we're extending and accelerating it,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“  ν…Œν¬λ†€λŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μ‘°ν™”λ‘­κ²Œ 닀루어
16:16
and we can be part of it by aligning the technology that we make with it.
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 일뢀가 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:19
And I really appreciate your attention today.
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κ²½μ²­ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:22
Thank you.
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16:23
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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