Philip Evans: How data will transform business

374,022 views ・ 2014-04-18

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kwangmin Lee κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:12
I'm going to talk a little bit about strategy
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μ €λŠ” μ „λž΅κ³Ό 기술과의 관계에 λŒ€ν•΄
00:14
and its relationship with technology.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
We tend to think of business strategy
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ„
00:21
as being a rather abstract body
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근본적으둜 경제적인 κ°œλ…μ„ 가진
00:23
of essentially economic thought,
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좔상적인 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
perhaps rather timeless.
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μ‹œκ°„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
I'm going to argue that, in fact,
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사싀, μ €λŠ” λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ΄ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ—†μ΄
00:28
business strategy has always been premised
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κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 가정을 μ „μ œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³ 
00:31
on assumptions about technology,
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λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
that those assumptions are changing,
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 가정듀은 λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  있고
00:35
and, in fact, changing quite dramatically,
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사싀 κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
and that therefore what that will drive us to
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그리고 κ·Έ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 결과적으둜 우리λ₯Ό 이끌고 κ°€λŠ” 곳은
00:41
is a different concept of what we mean
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ”
00:44
by business strategy.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°œλ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Let me start, if I may,
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μ΄μ „μ˜ μž‘μ€ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ
00:48
with a little bit of history.
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μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
The idea of strategy in business
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€μ—μ„œ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°œλ…μ€
00:53
owes its origins to two intellectual giants:
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두 λͺ…μ˜ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 지성인듀이 κ·Έ 기초λ₯Ό μ„Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Bruce Henderson, the founder of BCG,
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BCG μ°½μ—…μž λΆ€λ₯΄μŠ€ ν—¨λ”μŠ¨κ³Ό
00:58
and Michael Porter, professor at the Harvard Business School.
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ 경영 λŒ€ν•™μ› ꡐ수 마이클 ν¬ν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Henderson's central idea was what you might call
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ν—¨λ”μŠ¨μ΄ ν•΅μ‹¬μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ μ•ˆν•œ κ°œλ…μ€
01:05
the Napoleonic idea of concentrating mass
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약점 λŒ€μ‹  μž₯점에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ—¬
01:08
against weakness, of overwhelming the enemy.
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적을 μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ήμ˜ μ „λž΅κ³Ό κ°™λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λŠ” μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
What Henderson recognized was that,
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ν—¨λ”μŠ¨μ΄ μΈμ§€ν•œ 것은,
01:12
in the business world,
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:14
there are many phenomena which are characterized
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λ§Žμ€ ν˜„μƒλ“€μ΄ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ”
01:16
by what economists would call increasing returns --
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규λͺ¨, κ²½ν—˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μˆ˜ν™• 체증으둜
01:18
scale, experience.
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νŠΉμ§•μ§€μ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
The more you do of something,
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더 λ§Žμ€ 투자λ₯Ό ν• μˆ˜λ‘
01:22
disproportionately the better you get.
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κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 이읡을 μ–»κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
And therefore he found a logic for investing
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그리고 결과적으둜 κ·ΈλŠ” 경쟁λ ₯을 ν‚€μš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
01:27
in such kinds of overwhelming mass
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많이 투자λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”
01:30
in order to achieve competitive advantage.
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논리λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
And that was the first introduction
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이것은 λ°”λ‘œ ꡰ사적 κ°œλ…μ˜ μ „λž΅μ„
01:34
of essentially a military concept of strategy
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ 세계에 졜초둜
01:37
into the business world.
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μ†Œκ°œν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
Porter agreed with that premise,
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ν¬ν„°λŠ” κ·Έ μ „μ œμ— λ™μ˜ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
but he qualified it.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜μ •μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
He pointed out, correctly, that that's all very well,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것이 ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:47
but businesses actually have multiple steps to them.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€λŠ” λ‹€λ°©λ©΄μ˜ 단계λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ§€μ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
They have different components,
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그것듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
and each of those components might be driven
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각각의 이 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ „λž΅μ— μ˜ν•΄
01:55
by a different kind of strategy.
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λ³€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
A company or a business might actually be advantaged
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νšŒμ‚¬ ν˜Ήμ€ λΉ„μ§€λ‹ˆμŠ€λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ ν™œλ™μ—μ„œ 이득을 얻을 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:59
in some activities but disadvantaged in others.
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 기업은 λΆˆμ΄μ΅μ„ 얻을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
He formed the concept of the value chain,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ°€μΉ˜ μ‚¬μŠ¬ κ°œλ…μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:05
essentially the sequence of steps with which
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본질적으둜
02:08
a, shall we say, raw material, becomes a component,
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λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ μ›λ£Œκ°€ ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œκ°€ 되고,
02:11
becomes assembled into a finished product,
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μ΅œμ’… μƒμ„±λ¬Όλ‘œ κ²°ν•©λ˜κ³ ,
02:12
and then is distributed, for example,
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그리고 이후 λΆ„λ°°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
and he argued that advantage accrued
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κ·ΈλŠ” 각 κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œμ—μ„œ
02:18
to each of those components,
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μƒκΈ°λŠ” 이득,
02:19
and that the advantage of the whole
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그리고 μ „μ²΄μ˜ 이득은
02:21
was in some sense the sum or the average
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μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œλŠ” ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œμ˜ μ΄λ“μ˜ 합계
02:23
of that of its parts.
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λ˜λŠ” ν‰κ· μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λΌκ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And this idea of the value chain was predicated
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이 κ°€μΉ˜ μ‚¬μŠ¬μ΄λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ€
02:28
on the recognition that
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€λ₯Ό μ₯κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은 본질적으둜
02:30
what holds a business together is transaction costs,
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μ‘°μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ΄λΌλŠ” 것에
02:34
that in essence you need to coordinate,
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μž…κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
organizations are more efficient at coordination
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μ‘°μ§μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은 μ‹œμž₯보닀 더
02:39
than markets, very often,
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μ‘°μ •ν•˜κΈ°μ— νš¨μœ¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
and therefore the nature and role and boundaries
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결과적으둜 ν˜‘λ ₯의 μ„±μ§ˆ, μ—­ν• , κ²½κ³„λŠ”
02:44
of the cooperation are defined by transaction costs.
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거래 λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
It was on those two ideas,
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ν—¨λ”μŠ¨μ˜ 투자 규λͺ¨μ™€ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ
02:50
Henderson's idea of increasing returns
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μ¦κ°€λœ μˆ˜μ΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이둠과
02:53
to scale and experience,
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포터가 μ£Όμž₯ν•œ
02:55
and Porter's idea of the value chain,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ•„μš°λ₯΄λŠ”
02:57
encompassing heterogenous elements,
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κ°€μΉ˜μ‚¬μŠ¬ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”
02:59
that the whole edifice of business strategy
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ΄λΌλŠ” 체계λ₯Ό
03:03
was subsequently erected.
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κ±΄λ¦½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
Now what I'm going to argue is
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μ§€κΈˆ μ œκ°€ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 것은
03:08
that those premises are, in fact, being invalidated.
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이런 μ „μ œλ“€μ΄ 무λ ₯ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
First of all, let's think about transaction costs.
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λ¨Όμ € 거래 λΉ„μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:16
There are really two components to transaction costs.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 거래 λΉ„μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 두 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
One is about processing information, and the other is about communication.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ²˜λ¦¬κ³Όμ •μ΄λ©°, λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
These are the economics of processing and communicating
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μ΄λŠ” 였랜 μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ μ§„ν™”ν•΄μ˜€λ©΄μ„œ
03:25
as they have evolved over a long period of time.
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μ •λ³΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ™€ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
As we all know from so many contexts,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Žμ€ μƒν™©λ“€μ—μ„œ μ•Œλ“―μ΄
03:30
they have been radically transformed
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이것듀은 κΈ‰μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν˜•λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:32
since the days when Porter and Henderson
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심지어 포터와 ν—¨λ”μŠ¨μ΄ 처음으둜 이둠을 μ„Έμš΄
03:35
first formulated their theories.
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그날뢀터도 말이죠.
03:37
In particular, since the mid-'90s,
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특히 90 λ…„λŒ€ μ€‘λ°˜λΆ€ν„°,
03:39
communications costs have actually been falling
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톡신 λΉ„μš©μ€ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
even faster than transaction costs,
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거래 λΉ„μš©λ³΄λ‹€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 말이죠.
03:43
which is why communication, the Internet,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 톡신, 인터넷이 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ
03:45
has exploded in such a dramatic fashion.
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λ°œλ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Now, those falling transaction costs
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자, 이 κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ˜ ν•˜λ½μ€
03:52
have profound consequences,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 영ν–₯을 λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
because if transaction costs are the glue
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거래 λΉ„μš©μ΄ κ°€μΉ˜ μ‚¬μŠ¬μ„ λΆ™λ“œλŠ”
ν’€ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ λΉ„μš©μ˜ ν•˜λ½μ€
03:56
that hold value chains together, and they are falling,
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03:58
there is less to economize on.
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곧 μ ˆμ•½ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 물자의 ν•˜λ½μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
There is less need for vertically integrated organization,
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κ²°κ΅­ μˆ˜μ§ν™”λœ 쑰직은 λΆˆν•„μš”ν•˜κ²Œ 되고,
04:03
and value chains at least can break up.
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이 κ°€μΉ˜ μ‚¬μŠ¬μ€ λŠμ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
They needn't necessarily, but they can.
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κΌ­ 그럴 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
In particular, it then becomes possible for
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특히, νŠΉμ •ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜μ‚¬μŠ¬ λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ λΉ„μ§€λ‹ˆμŠ€ κ²½μŸμžκ°€
04:10
a competitor in one business
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 단계에 μžˆλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ™€
04:12
to use their position in one step of the value chain
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κ²½μŸν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:15
in order to penetrate or attack
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κ·Έ 단계λ₯Ό λ’€λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것을
04:17
or disintermediate the competitor in another.
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κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
That is not just an abstract proposition.
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이것은 단지 좔상적인 κ°œλ…μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
There are many very specific stories
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ
04:25
of how that actually happened.
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ꡬ체적인 사둀도 μ•„μ£Ό λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
A poster child example was the encyclopedia business.
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μ „ν˜•μ μΈ μ˜ˆκ°€ 백과사전 μ‚¬μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
The encyclopedia business
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κ°€μ£½ μž₯μ •μ˜ 책을 μ“°λ˜ λ•Œμ˜
04:31
in the days of leatherbound books
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백과사전 μ—…κ³„λŠ”
04:34
was basically a distribution business.
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기본적으둜 μœ ν†΅ μ‚¬μ—…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Most of the cost was the commission to the salesmen.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ€ μ˜μ—…μ‚¬μ›μ˜ μˆ˜μˆ˜λ£Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
The CD-ROM and then the Internet came along,
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씨디 둬과 μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ λ“±μž₯κ³Ό
04:40
new technologies made the distribution of knowledge
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ€ μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ „νŒŒλ₯Ό
04:44
many orders of magnitude cheaper,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ μ‹Ό 값에 ν•  수 있게 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
04:46
and the encyclopedia industry collapsed.
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백과사전 산업은 λΆ•κ΄΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
It's now, of course, a very familiar story.
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이것은 맀우 μ΅μˆ™ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
This, in fact, more generally was the story
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사싀, 이것은
04:54
of the first generation of the Internet economy.
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인터넷 경제의 1μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
It was about falling transaction costs
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즉, κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ€ ν•˜λ½ν–ˆκ³ ,
04:58
breaking up value chains
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κ°€μΉ˜μ‚¬μŠ¬ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” λŠμ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
and therefore allowing disintermediation,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§κ±°λž˜μ™€ κ°€μΉ˜μ‚¬μŠ¬μ˜ 해체가
05:02
or what we call deconstruction.
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μΌμ–΄λ‚œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
One of the questions I was occasionally asked was,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 제게 이따끔씩 λ¬»λŠ” 질문 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
05:07
well, what's going to replace the encyclopedia
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λΈŒλ¦¬μΊλ‹ˆμ»€μ˜ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈμ΄ 끝내 사라진닀면
05:10
when Britannica no longer has a business model?
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κ³Όμ—° 무엇이 백과사전을 λŒ€μ‹ ν•  것인가? μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
And it was a while before the answer became manifest.
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확닡이 λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ’€ κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Now, of course, we know what it is: it's the Wikipedia.
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κ·Έ 닡은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μ•Œλ“―μ΄ μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
Now what's special about the Wikipedia is not its distribution.
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자, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λˆˆμ—¬κ²¨λ΄μ•Ό ν•  것은 μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„μ˜ 뢄배과정이 μ•„λ‹Œ,
05:20
What's special about the Wikipedia is the way it's produced.
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μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ°½μž‘κ³Όμ •μ΄λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
The Wikipedia, of course, is an encyclopedia
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μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„λŠ” 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ λŒ€λ‘œ,
05:25
created by its users.
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μ΄μš©μžλ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“  λ°±κ³Όμ‚¬μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
And this, in fact, defines what you might call
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μ΄κ²ƒμ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ 2μ„ΈλŒ€ 인터넷 경제라고
05:30
the second decade of the Internet economy,
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ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
the decade in which the Internet as a noun
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이 μ„ΈλŒ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 인터넷은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ κ°œλ…μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ
05:35
became the Internet as a verb.
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λŠ₯동적인 κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ νƒˆλ°”κΏˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
It became a set of conversations,
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즉, μ†Œν†΅μ˜ μž₯이 λ˜μ–΄λ²„λ¦° κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
the era in which user-generated content and social networks
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” μ΄μš©μžκ°€ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό μ†Œμ…œλ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ‘œ
05:43
became the dominant phenomenon.
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주된 ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ˜λŠ” μ‹œλŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
Now what that really meant
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이것이 포터와 ν—¨λ”μŠ¨μ˜ 이둠의
05:48
in terms of the Porter-Henderson framework
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관점을 톡해 λ³Όλ•Œ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 것은
05:51
was the collapse of certain kinds of economies of scale.
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μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ§Žμ€ κ²½μ œλΆ„μ•Όμ˜ λͺ°λ½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
It turned out that tens of thousands
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„λ₯Ό 톡해 배운 것은
05:57
of autonomous individuals writing an encyclopedia
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자율적으둜 ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” κ°œμΈλ“€μ΄
06:00
could do just as good a job,
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수직적 ꡬ쑰에 μ†ν•œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€λ§ŒνΌ
06:02
and certainly a much cheaper job,
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ν’ˆμ§ˆμ΄ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 백과사전을
06:03
than professionals in a hierarchical organization.
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λ”μš± μ €λ ΄ν•˜κ²Œ 생산할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
So basically what was happening was that one layer
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곧 κ°€μΉ˜μ‚¬μŠ¬μ˜ ν•œ 뢀뢄이 ν•΄μ²΄λ˜λŠ”
06:09
of this value chain was becoming fragmented,
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ν˜„μƒμ΄ 일어났고,
06:12
as individuals could take over
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더이상 λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ 쑰직을
06:13
where organizations were no longer needed.
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개인이 λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
But there's another question that obviously this graph poses,
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이 κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ©΄ 의문점이 ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
which is, okay, we've gone through two decades --
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 두 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό κ±°μ³€κ³ 
06:22
does anything distinguish the third?
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μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό ꡬ별지을 μš”μ†Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:24
And what I'm going to argue is that indeed
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것은
06:26
something does distinguish the third,
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이 μš”μ†ŒλŠ” 3μ„ΈλŒ€λ§Œμ˜ νŠΉμœ ν•œ μš”μ†Œμ΄κ³ ,
06:28
and it maps exactly on to the kind of
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ 포터와 ν—¨λ”μŠ¨μ˜ 원리에 μ •ν™•νžˆ
06:30
Porter-Henderson logic that we've been talking about.
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λ§žμ•„λ–¨μ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
And that is, about data.
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이 μš”μ†ŒλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ λ°μ΄ν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
If we go back to around 2000,
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2000λ…„μ―€μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:37
a lot of people were talking about the information revolution,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 정보 혁λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
and it was indeed true that the world's stock of data
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κ·Έλ•Œ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 데이터양은 컀지고 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
06:42
was growing, indeed growing quite fast.
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κ·Έ μ„±μž₯은 κ½€λ‚˜ λΉ¨λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
but it was still at that point overwhelmingly analog.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ•„λ‚ λ‘œκ·Έ 방식이 λ§Œμ—°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
We go forward to 2007,
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2007년이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό
06:49
not only had the world's stock of data exploded,
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 데이터양은 폭발적으둜 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆκ³ 
06:52
but there'd been this massive substitution
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특히 μ•„λ‚ λ‘œκ·Έ 방식은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ””μ§€ν„Έλ‘œ
06:54
of digital for analog.
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λŒ€μ²΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
And more important even than that,
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그보닀 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은,
06:58
if you look more carefully at this graph,
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κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό 잘 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
07:00
what you will observe is that about a half
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디지털 λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μ•½ 절반이
07:02
of that digital data
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IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό
07:04
is information that has an I.P. address.
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λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
It's on a server or it's on a P.C.
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κ·Έ 데이터듀은 PCλ‚˜ μ„œλ²„μ— μ €μž₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
But having an I.P. address means that it
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IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό λ³΄μœ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은
07:11
can be connected to any other data
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IP μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό 가진 λ‹€λ₯Έ 데이터와
07:13
that has an I.P. address.
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μ„œλ‘œ 정보전달을 ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
It means it becomes possible
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즉, μ „ 세계 μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ ˆλ°˜μ„
07:16
to put together half of the world's knowledge
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μ§‘λŒ€μ„±ν•˜μ—¬
07:19
in order to see patterns,
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νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
07:21
an entirely new thing.
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μ•„μ£Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
If we run the numbers forward to today,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ ν†΅κ³„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
07:25
it probably looks something like this.
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μ •ν™•ν•œ μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
07:27
We're not really sure.
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이런 μΆ”μ„Έκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
If we run the numbers forward to 2020,
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IDCκ°€ μ œκ³΅ν•œ μžλ£Œμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
07:30
we of course have an exact number, courtesy of IDC.
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2020λ…„ μ―€μ—λŠ” μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
It's curious that the future is so much more predictable than the present.
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λ“±μž” 밑이 μ–΄λ‘‘λ‹€λ”λ‹ˆ ν˜„μž¬λ³΄λ‹€ λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½λ‹€λ„€μš”.
07:37
And what it implies is a hundredfold multiplication
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IP μ£Όμ†Œλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λœ
07:42
in the stock of information that is connected
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μ •λ³΄μ˜ 양이
07:45
via an I.P. address.
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수백배둜 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
Now, if the number of connections that we can make
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자, λ§Œμ•½ μ„œλ²„λ‚˜ PCλ“€μ˜ 연결점이
07:50
is proportional to the number of pairs of data points,
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λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ™€ λΉ„λ‘€ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
07:53
a hundredfold multiplication in the quantity of data
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데이터가 100λ°° λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚  수둝
07:56
is a ten-thousandfold multiplication
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κ·Έ λ°μ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
07:58
in the number of patterns
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νŒ¨ν„΄μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ”
08:00
that we can see in that data,
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10000λ°° 더 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
this just in the last 10 or 11 years.
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이것은 μ§€λ‚œ 10~11λ…„ 사이에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
This, I would submit, is a sea change,
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이것은 제 μ˜κ²¬μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
a profound change in the economics
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 경제체제의
08:09
of the world that we live in.
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큰 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
08:11
The first human genome,
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졜초둜 발견된 인간 κ²Œλ†ˆ,
08:12
that of James Watson,
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μΈκ°„κ²Œλ†ˆν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈ 연ꡬ가 정점에 λ‹¬ν•œ 2000λ…„λΆ€ν„°
08:14
was mapped as the culmination of the Human Genome Project in the year 2000,
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μ œμž„μŠ€ μ™“μŠ¨μ˜ μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
and it took about 200 million dollars
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단 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ”λ°
08:20
and about 10 years of work to map
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2μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 거금과
08:22
just one person's genomic makeup.
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10년을 μŸμ•„λΆ€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
Since then, the costs of mapping the genome have come down.
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κ·Έλ’€λΆ€ν„° μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„μž‘μ„±μ— λ“œλŠ” λΉ„μš©μ€ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
In fact, they've come down in recent years
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사싀 λͺ‡λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„°λŠ” 가격이
08:29
very dramatically indeed,
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κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
to the point where the cost is now below 1,000 dollars,
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μš”μƒˆ λ“œλŠ” λΉ„μš©μ€ 1,000λ‹¬λŸ¬μ„  μ΄ν•˜μ΄λ©°,
08:33
and it's confidently predicted that by the year 2015
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2015년에 되면 100λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ•„λž˜λ‘œ
08:36
it will be below 100 dollars --
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λ‚΄λ €κ°ˆ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
a five or six order of magnitude drop
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15λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” 짧은 기간에
08:41
in the cost of genomic mapping
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μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„μž‘μ„±μ— λ“œλŠ” λΉ„μš©μ΄
08:43
in just a 15-year period,
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μ‹­λ§Œμ—μ„œ 백만배 정도 μΈν•˜ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
an extraordinary phenomenon.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
Now, in the days when mapping a genome
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μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„μž‘μ„±μ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ“  λΉ„μš©μ΄
08:52
cost millions, or even tens of thousands,
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수백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ²œλ§Œλ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ˜ λ•Œμ—λŠ”
08:55
it was basically a research enterprise.
213
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μ΄λŠ” 근본적으둜 연ꡬ μ‚¬μ—…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
Scientists would gather some representative people,
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ λŒ€ν‘œ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ
09:00
and they would see patterns, and they would try
215
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 보고
09:01
and make generalizations about human nature and disease
216
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그듀이 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 좔상적인 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 보며 μΈκ°„μ˜ λ³Έμ„±κ³Ό μ§ˆλ³‘μ„
09:04
from the abstract patterns they find
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μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
from these particular selected individuals.
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νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ„ λ°œλœ λͺ‡λͺ‡μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
But when the genome can be mapped for 100 bucks,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„μž‘μ„± λΉ„μš©μ΄
09:12
99 dollars while you wait,
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100λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ 떨어진닀면,
09:14
then what happens is, it becomes retail.
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μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„μž‘μ„±μ€ λ³΄νŽΈν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
It becomes above all clinical.
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μž„μƒμ˜ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μ£ .
09:18
You go the doctor with a cold,
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감기에 κ±Έλ € 병원에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
and if he or she hasn't done it already,
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아직 ν™˜μžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
09:21
the first thing they do is map your genome,
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맨먼저 μœ μ „μ²΄μ§€λ„μž‘μ„±μ„ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
at which point what they're now doing
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이런 과정을 톡해 치료λ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
09:25
is not starting from some abstract knowledge of genomic medicine
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μœ μ „μžκ³΅ν•™μ— λŒ€ν•œ 일뢀 좔상적 지식을
09:30
and trying to work out how it applies to you,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ν•œν…Œ μ μš©ν• λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:32
but they're starting from your particular genome.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ νŠΉμ •ν•œ κ²Œλ†ˆμ— νŠΉμ„±ν™”λœ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
Now think of the power of that.
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자, κ·Έ 영ν–₯을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:36
Think of where that takes us
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μœ μ „μ²΄ 데이터와
09:37
when we can combine genomic data
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μž„μƒ 데이터,
09:40
with clinical data
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μ•½λ¬Όμ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 데이터,
09:42
with data about drug interactions
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ν•Έλ“œν°μ΄λ‚˜ 의료용 감지기같이
09:44
with the kind of ambient data that devices
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기기듀이 λͺ¨μœΌλŠ”
09:46
like our phone and medical sensors
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ν™˜κ²½ 데이터가
09:48
will increasingly be collecting.
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μ–΄λ–€ 미래둜 μ΄λŒμ§€ 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:50
Think what happens when we collect all of that data
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그런 정보λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄
09:52
and we can put it together
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μ§‘λŒ€μ„±ν•˜λ©΄,
09:54
in order to find patterns we wouldn't see before.
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그에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ°λžλ˜ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 배울 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
This, I would suggest, perhaps it will take a while,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 걸리긴 ν•˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ, μ΄κ²ƒμ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ
09:59
but this will drive a revolution in medicine.
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μ˜ν•™κ³„μ— 큰 νŒŒλž€μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
Fabulous, lots of people talk about this.
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜μ£ .
10:04
But there's one thing that doesn't get much attention.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 관심이 쏠리지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
How is that model of colossal sharing
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μ•žμ—μ„œ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ
10:10
across all of those kinds of databases
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ κ³΅μœ λ°©λ²•μ—
10:12
compatible with the business models
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적응할 수 μžˆλŠ”
10:15
of institutions and organizations and corporations
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κΈ°κ΄€, μ‘°μ§μ΄λ‚˜ 기업이
10:17
that are involved in this business today?
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ν˜„ μ‹œλŒ€μ— ν•˜λ‚˜λΌλ„ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:20
If your business is based on proprietary data,
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사업이 독점적인 데이터λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
10:22
if your competitive advantage is defined by your data,
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기업이 λ³΄μœ ν•œ 데이터가 곧 경쟁λ ₯으둜 이어진닀면,
10:25
how on Earth is that company or is that society
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μ •λ³΄κΈ°μˆ μ— μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ
10:29
in fact going to achieve the value
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κΈ°μ—…μ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ“€μ΄
10:31
that's implicit in the technology? They can't.
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적응할 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 그렇지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
So essentially what's happening here,
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결ꡭ에 일어날 ν˜„μƒμ€ μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
and genomics is merely one example of this,
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μœ μ „μ²΄ν•™μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 예일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
is that technology is driving
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 생각해 μ™”λ˜
10:41
the natural scaling of the activity
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νŠΉμ • λ‹¨μ²΄λ‚˜ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯이
10:44
beyond the institutional boundaries within which
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기술의 λ°œμ „μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬
10:47
we have been used to thinking about it,
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λ”μš± λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
and in particular beyond the institutional boundaries
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특히 μ‚¬μ—…μ „λž΅μ„ μ§œλ©΄μ„œ
10:51
in terms of which business strategy
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κΈ°μ—…μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯이 λ―ΈμΉ  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
10:53
as a discipline is formulated.
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μ „μ œν•œ λ²”μœ„κ°€ 보닀 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
The basic story here is that what used to be
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이 ν˜„μƒμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ
11:00
vertically integrated, oligopolistic competition
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수직적 ꡬ쑰둜 이루어진 쑰직듀은
11:04
among essentially similar kinds of competitors
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μˆ˜ν‰μ  ꡬ쑰둜 개편될 것이고,
11:07
is evolving, by one means or another,
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κ²½μŸμžλ“€μ„ λˆ„λ₯΄κ³  μ‹œμž₯을 더 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λ €λŠ”
11:09
from a vertical structure to a horizontal one.
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κΈ°μ—…λ“€μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
Why is that happening?
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μ™œ 이것이 λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
11:14
It's happening because transaction costs are plummeting
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μ΄μœ λŠ” κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ΄ ν•˜λ½ν•˜κ³ 
11:17
and because scale is polarizing.
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크기가 μ–‘κ·Ήν™” λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
The plummeting of transaction costs
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κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ˜ ν•˜λ½μ€
11:20
weakens the glue that holds value chains together,
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κ°€μΉ˜μ‚¬μŠ¬μ„ μ₯κ³  μžˆλŠ” 연결을 μ•½ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ©°,
11:23
and allows them to separate.
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” λΆ„λ¦¬μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
The polarization of scale economies
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μž‘μ€ 것이 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅λ‹€λŠ” 말이 μžˆλ“―μ΄,
11:26
towards the very small -- small is beautiful --
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μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μƒμ‚°μ‹œμ„€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ˜ λ•Œμ™€ 달리
11:30
allows for scalable communities
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μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 생산이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 생산을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
11:32
to substitute for conventional corporate production.
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경제체제둜 μ „ν™˜λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
The scaling in the opposite direction,
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이에 λ°˜ν•΄μ„œ
11:37
towards things like big data,
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빅데이터λ₯Ό κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ”
11:39
drive the structure of business
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λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ”
11:41
towards the creation of new kinds of institutions
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κ·Έ μž‘μ—…μ— μ΅œμ ν™”λœ
11:44
that can achieve that scale.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 기업이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
But either way, the typically vertical structure
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‘ κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” 경제 μ²΄μ œκ°€
11:48
gets driven to becoming more horizontal.
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수직적 κ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν‰μ  ꡬ쑰둜 λ°”λ€” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
The logic isn't just about big data.
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μ΄λŠ” 단지 λΉ…λ°μ΄ν„°μ—λ§Œ κ΅­ν•œλ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
If we were to look, for example, at the telecommunications industry,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 원거리 톡신 산업을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μžλ©΄,
11:57
you can tell the same story about fiber optics.
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μ„¬μœ κ΄‘ν•™μ—μ„œλ„ 같은 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
If we look at the pharmaceutical industry,
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λ˜ν•œ μ œμ•½μ—…μ—μ„œ,
12:02
or, for that matter, university research,
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„
12:03
you can say exactly the same story
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κ±°λŒ€κ³Όν•™μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„
12:05
about so-called "big science."
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같은 이야기λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
And in the opposite direction,
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
12:08
if we look, say, at the energy sector,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ‚°μ—…μ—μ„œ
12:11
where all the talk is about how households
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ν™”μ œκ°€ 되고 μžˆλŠ” 것은
12:13
will be efficient producers of green energy
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각 가ꡬ가 μΉœν™˜κ²½μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 생산해
12:17
and efficient conservers of energy,
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결과적으둜 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ•„λΌλŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
that is, in fact, the reverse phenomenon.
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이것이 λ°˜λŒ€ ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
That is the fragmentation of scale
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규λͺ¨κ°€ λ‚˜λˆ μ Έ
12:23
because the very small can substitute
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 것이 전톡적인 κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό
12:26
for the traditional corporate scale.
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λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
Either way, what we are driven to
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보든 κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ”
12:30
is this horizontalization of the structure of industries,
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μ‚°μ—…κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μˆ˜ν‰ν™”λ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
and that implies fundamental changes
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ„
12:36
in how we think about strategy.
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λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 법을 λ°”κΏ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
It means, for example, that we need to think
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즉, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μˆ˜ν‰ν™”λœ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
12:40
about strategy as the curation
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ν†΅ν•©ν•˜κ³  κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 과정을
12:43
of these kinds of horizontal structure,
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ— ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚€κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
where things like business definition
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μ΄λ•Œ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ μ •μ˜λ‚˜
12:47
and even industry definition
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μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μ •μ˜λŠ”
12:49
are actually the outcomes of strategy,
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μ „λž΅μ˜ 결과에 따라 λ°”λ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
not something that the strategy presupposes.
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μ „λž΅μ΄ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
It means, for example, we need to work out
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λ˜ν•œ, κ²½μŸκΈ°μ—…λ“€μ΄
12:58
how to accommodate collaboration
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ν˜‘λ ₯κ³Ό κ²½μŸμ„
13:00
and competition simultaneously.
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λ™μ‹œμ— ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
Think about the genome.
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κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
13:03
We need to accommodate the very large
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 크고 μž‘μ€ 것을
13:05
and the very small simultaneously.
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λ™μ‹œμ— μˆ˜μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:07
And we need industry structures
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그리고 맀우 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ©μ μ„
13:09
that will accommodate very, very different motivations,
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μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κ³  μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌλŠ” 산업ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:12
from the amateur motivations of people in communities
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μ•„λ§ˆμΆ”μ–΄ 곡동체에 μ†ν•œ 개인의 λͺ©μ μ΄λ‚˜
13:14
to maybe the social motivations
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ κ±΄μ„€ν•œ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ—μ„œ
13:16
of infrastructure built by governments,
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λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ  λͺ©μ  같이 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
or, for that matter, cooperative institutions
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ²½μŸν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ μ„Έμš΄
13:21
built by companies that are otherwise competing,
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ν˜‘λ ₯ 기관듀이 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
because that is the only way that they can get to scale.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ μ„œλŠ” 산업변화에 적응할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
These kinds of transformations
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이런 λ³€ν™”λŠ” κ΅¬μ‹μ˜ λΉ„μ§€λ‹ˆμŠ€ μ „λž΅μ„
13:29
render the traditional premises of business strategy obsolete.
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λ¬΄μš©μ§€λ¬Όλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:33
They drive us into a completely new world.
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그것듀은 μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄λŒμ–΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
They require us, whether we are
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³΅κ³΅λΆ€λ¬Έμ΄λ‚˜ λ―Όκ°„ 뢀문에 μžˆλ“ 
13:37
in the public sector or the private sector,
331
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λΉ„μ§€λ‹ˆμŠ€ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ”
13:39
to think very fundamentally differently
332
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근본적인 인식을
13:42
about the structure of business,
333
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λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
and, at last, it makes strategy interesting again.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ΄λŠ” μ „λž΅μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ ν₯미둭게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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