The era of personal DNA testing is here | Sebastian Kraves

95,067 views ใƒป 2016-10-13

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seoyun Choi
00:13
Imagine that you're a pig farmer.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ผ์ง€์น˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:16
You live on a small farm in the Philippines.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€์˜ ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Your animals are your family's sole source of income --
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๊ฐ€์ถ•์ด ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์†Œ๋“์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
as long as they're healthy.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
00:24
You know that any day,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ 
00:26
one of your pigs can catch the flu,
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๋ผ์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ง€ ๋…๊ฐ์—
00:28
the swine flu.
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Living in tight quarters, one pig coughing and sneezing
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๋ผ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์นจ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:33
may soon lead to the next pig coughing and sneezing,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ผ์ง€๋“ค๋„ ๊ณง ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
until an outbreak of swine flu has taken over your farm.
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๋ผ์ง€ ๋…๊ฐ์€ ๋†์žฅ ์ „์ฒด์— ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:39
If it's a bad enough virus,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋…ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:41
the health of your herd may be gone in the blink of an eye.
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๊ฐ€์ถ• ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ ๊นœ๋นกํ•  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์žƒ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
If you called in a veterinarian,
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์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉด
00:46
he or she would visit your farm and take samples
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์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋†์žฅ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ ๋ผ์ง€ ์ž…๊ณผ ์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:49
from your pigs' noses and mouths.
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00:51
But then they would have to drive back into the city
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:54
to test those samples in their central lab.
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์‹œ๋‚ด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Two weeks later, you'd hear back the results.
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2์ฃผ ํ›„์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:00
Two weeks may be just enough time for infection to spread
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2์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ํผ์ ธ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—
01:04
and take away your way of life.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
But it doesn't have to be that way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Today, farmers can take those samples themselves.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
They can jump right into the pen and swab their pigs' noses and mouths
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์ข…์ด๋กœ ๋ผ์ง€์˜
01:16
with a little filter paper,
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์ฝ”์™€ ์ž…์„ ๋‹ฆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
place that little filter paper in a tiny tube,
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๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ด€์— ๋†“๊ณ 
01:21
and mix it with some chemicals that will extract genetic material
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๋ผ์ง€์˜ ์ฝ”์™€ ์ž…์—์„œ ์œ ์ „ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
01:25
from their pigs' noses and mouths.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์•ฝํ’ˆ์„ ์„ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
And without leaving their farms,
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๋†์žฅ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด
01:29
they take a drop of that genetic material
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์œ ์ „ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„
01:31
and put it into a little analyzer smaller than a shoebox,
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์‹ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
01:35
program it to detect DNA or RNA from the swine flu virus,
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๋ผ์ง€ ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—์„œ DNA๋‚˜ RNA๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:40
and within one hour get back the results, visualize the results.
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1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
This reality is possible
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:47
because today we're living in the era of personal DNA technology.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ DNA ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Every one of us can actually test DNA ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
DNA is the fundamental molecule the carries genetic instructions
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DNA๋Š” ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ
01:59
that help build the living world.
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Humans have DNA.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋„ ๋ผ์ง€๋„
02:03
Pigs have DNA.
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DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Even bacteria and some viruses have DNA too.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
The genetic instructions encoded in DNA inform how our bodies develop,
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DNA์— ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
02:13
grow, function.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And in many cases, that same information can trigger disease.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Your genetic information
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
02:20
is strung into a long and twisted molecule, the DNA double helix,
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DNA ์ด์ค‘ ๋‚˜์„ ์ธ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๊ผฌ์ธ ๋ถ„์ž์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
that has over three billion letters,
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์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ 300์–ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š”
02:26
beginning to end.
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๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
But the lines that carry meaningful information
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ž‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค„์€
02:31
are usually very short --
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
a few dozen to several thousand letters long.
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์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ์ž์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ์ž ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
So when we're looking to answer a question based on DNA,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ DNA์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ
02:39
we actually don't need to read
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— 30์–ต์ž๋ฅผ
02:41
all those three billion letters, typically.
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๋‹ค ์ฝ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
That would be like getting hungry at night
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐค์— ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๋•Œ
02:46
and having to flip through the whole phone book
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํ”ผ์ž ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:48
from cover to cover,
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์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€
02:49
pausing at every line,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ๋ฉด์„œ
02:51
just to find the nearest pizza joint.
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:54
Luckily, three decades ago,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ 30๋…„ ์ „์—
02:57
humans started to invent tools
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ค„์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:59
that can find any specific line of genetic information.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
These DNA machines are wonderful.
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DNA ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
They can find any line in DNA.
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DNA์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ผ์ธ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:07
But once they find it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
03:09
that DNA is still tiny, and surrounded by so much other DNA,
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ DNA๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ž‘๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ DNA์— ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:14
that what these machines then do is copy the target gene,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ณ 
03:19
and one copy piles on top of another,
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๋ณต์ œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž ์œ„์— ์Œ“๊ณ 
03:21
millions and millions and millions of copies,
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๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋‹๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
03:23
until that gene stands out against the rest;
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
until we can visualize it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
03:28
interpret it, read it, understand it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ , ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
03:31
until we can answer:
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
03:32
Does my pig have the flu?
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๋‚ด ๋ผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€๋‚˜
03:35
Or other questions buried in our own DNA:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ DNA์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์—์š”.
03:39
Am I at risk of cancer?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜?
03:42
Am I of Irish descent?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๊ณ„์ธ๊ฐ€?
03:44
Is that child my son?
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์ € ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€?
03:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:50
This ability to make copies of DNA, as simple as it sounds,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” DNA๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
03:55
has transformed our world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Scientists use it every day to detect and address disease,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
04:01
to create innovative medicines,
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์Œ์‹์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:04
to modify foods,
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์Œ์‹์ด ๋จน๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€
04:06
to assess whether our food is safe to eat
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
04:08
or whether it's contaminated with deadly bacteria.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Even judges use the output of these machines in court
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ํŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ DNA ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€
04:14
to decide whether someone is innocent or guilty based on DNA evidence.
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๋ฌด์ฃ„์ธ์ง€ ์œ ์ฃ„์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
The inventor of this DNA-copying technique
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DNA ๋ณต์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:21
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.
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1993๋…„์— ๋…ธ๋ฒจ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ์„ ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
But for 30 years,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
04:27
the power of genetic analysis has been confined to the ivory tower,
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์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํž˜์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋งŒ
04:30
or bigwig PhD scientist work.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Well, several companies around the world
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
04:36
are working on making this same technology accessible
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ผ์ง€๋†์žฅ ๋†๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค๋„
04:40
to everyday people like the pig farmer,
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์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:43
like you.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
I cofounded one of these companies.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Three years ago,
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3๋…„ ์ „์—
04:48
together with a fellow biologist and friend of mine,
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๋™๋ฃŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ
04:51
Zeke Alvarez Saavedra,
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์ง€ํฌ ์•Œ๋ฐ”๋ ˆ์ฆˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ ๋“œ๋ผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
04:53
we decided to make personal DNA machines
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:55
that anyone could use.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
04:57
Our goal was to bring DNA science to more people in new places.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
We started working in our basements.
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์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:04
We had a simple question:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
What could the world look like
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ DNA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:07
if everyone could analyze DNA?
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ?
05:10
We were curious,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:12
as curious as you would have been if I had shown you this picture in 1980.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ์ด์š”.
05:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:18
You would have thought, "Wow!
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:20
I can now call my Aunt Glenda from the car
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"์šฐ์™€! ์ด์ œ ์ฐจ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธ€๋ Œ๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ชจํ•œํ…Œ ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
05:22
and wish her a happy birthday.
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์ƒ์ผ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„ค!
05:24
I can call anyone, anytime.
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์•„๋ฌดํ•œํ…Œ๋‚˜, ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์ „ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด.
05:27
This is the future!"
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜!"
05:29
Little did you know,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:31
you would tap on that phone to make dinner reservations
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค์„œ ๊ธ€๋ Œ๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ชจ์™€์˜ ์ƒ์ผ ์ €๋…์„
05:33
for you and Aunt Glenda to celebrate together.
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์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
05:36
With another tap, you'd be ordering her gift.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค์„œ ์ƒ์‹  ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:38
And yet one more tap,
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๋˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค์„œ
05:40
and you'd be "liking" Auntie Glenda on Facebook.
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๊ธ€๋ Œ๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ชจ์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์— "์ข‹์•„์š”"๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
05:42
And all of this, while sitting on the toilet.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ, ๋ณ€๊ธฐ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
05:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:47
It is notoriously hard to predict where new technology might take us.
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์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And the same is true for personal DNA technology today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ DNA ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
For example, I could never have imagined
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์—
06:00
that a truffle farmer, of all people,
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์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€
06:02
would use personal DNA machines.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ค„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
06:05
Dr. Paul Thomas grows truffles for a living.
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ํด ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
We see him pictured here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ
06:10
holding the first UK-cultivated truffle in his hands, on one of his farms.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋œ ์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์„ ์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Truffles are this delicacy
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์†ก๋กœ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜
06:17
that stems from a fungus growing on the roots of living trees.
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
And it's a rare fungus.
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ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ด์ฃ .
06:23
Some species may fetch 3,000, 7,000, or more dollars per kilogram.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…์€ 1kg๋‹น 3000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 7000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
I learned from Paul
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ํด์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:31
that the stakes for a truffle farmer can be really high.
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์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:34
When he sources new truffles to grow on his farms,
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๋†์žฅ์— ์ƒˆ ์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜ค๋ฉด,
06:37
he's exposed to the threat of knockoffs --
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๊ฐ€์งœ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
truffles that look and feel like the real thing,
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๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ธฐ์—” ์ง„์งœ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
06:43
but they're of lower quality.
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์งˆ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
06:45
But even to a trained eye like Paul's,
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ํด๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—๋„
06:47
even when looked at under a microscope,
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ๋„
06:49
these truffles can pass for authentic.
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์ง„ํ’ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
So in order to grow the highest quality truffles,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ธ์šธ๋งŒํ•œ
06:55
the ones that chefs all over the world will fight over,
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์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์˜ ์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:59
Paul has to use DNA analysis.
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ํด์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Isn't that mind-blowing?
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๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
07:04
I bet you will never look at that black truffle risotto again
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ด ๊ฒ€์€ ์†ก๋กœ๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๋ฆฌ์†Œํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
07:07
without thinking of its genes.
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๋ฒ„์„ฏ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:11
But personal DNA machines can also save human lives.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ๋„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Professor Ian Goodfellow is a virologist at the University of Cambridge.
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์ด์•ˆ ๊ตฟํŽ ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Last year he traveled to Sierra Leone.
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์‹œ์—๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜จ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์˜ค์…จ์–ด์š”.
07:24
When the Ebola outbreak broke out in Western Africa,
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๊ตฟํŽ ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์—๋ณผ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:28
he quickly realized that doctors there lacked the basic tools
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
07:32
to detect and combat disease.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Results could take up to a week to come back --
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” 1์ฃผ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:37
that's way too long for the patients and the families who are suffering.
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๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Ian decided to move his lab into Makeni, Sierra Leone.
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์ด์•ˆ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ์‹œ์—๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜จ์˜ ๋งˆ์ผ€๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Here we see Ian Goodfellow
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์•ˆ ๊ตฟํŽ ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
07:49
moving over 10 tons of equipment into a pop-up tent
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10ํ†ค์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒœ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
that he would equip to detect and diagnose the virus
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ด์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:57
and sequence it within 24 hours.
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๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ฒœ๋ง‰์— ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
But here's a surprise:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„
08:02
the same equipment that Ian could use at his lab in the UK
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์˜๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ 
08:06
to sequence and diagnose Ebola,
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์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์ด
08:08
just wouldn't work under these conditions.
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์ด ๊ณณ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„  ์ž‘๋™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
We're talking 35 Celsius heat and over 90 percent humidity here.
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35๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋”์œ„์™€ 90%๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์Šต๋„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
But instead, Ian could use personal DNA machines
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ด์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
small enough to be placed in front of the air-conditioning unit
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์—์–ด์ปจ ์•ž์— ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๋งŒํผ ์•„๋‹ดํ•ด์„œ
08:22
to keep sequencing the virus
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ 
08:24
and keep saving lives.
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
This may seem like an extreme place for DNA analysis,
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DNA๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
08:29
but let's move on to an even more extreme environment:
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๋” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:32
outer space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Let's talk about DNA analysis in space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ DNA ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:37
When astronauts live aboard the International Space Station,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
08:40
they're orbiting the planet 250 miles high.
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400km์œ„์—์„œ, ์‹œ์† 27360km๋กœ
08:44
They're traveling at 17,000 miles per hour.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Picture that --
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:48
you're seeing 15 sunsets and sunrises every day.
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๋งค์ผ 15๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ผ์ถœ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ชฐ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
You're also living in microgravity,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
floating.
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๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:55
And under these conditions, our bodies can do funky things.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
One of these things is that our immune systems get suppressed,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ ธ์„œ
09:03
making astronauts more prone to infection.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
A 16-year-old girl,
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์ธ
09:09
a high school student from New York, Anna-Sophia Boguraev,
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16์‚ด์˜ ์•ˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œํ”ผ์•„ ๋ณด๊ตฌ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Š”
09:13
wondered whether changes to the DNA of astronauts
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ DNA์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ ์•ฝํ™”์™€
09:16
could be related to this immune suppression,
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๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
and through a science competition called "Genes In Space,"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œํ”ผ์•„๋Š” "์šฐ์ฃผ ์† ์œ ์ „์ž" ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์ง„๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ
09:22
Anna-Sophia designed an experiment to test this hypothesis
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๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
09:26
using a personal DNA machine aboard the International Space Station.
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์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Here we see Anna-Sophia on April 8, 2016, in Cape Canaveral,
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์•ˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œํ”ผ์•„๊ฐ€ 2016๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ์— ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ์ปค๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋Ÿด์—์„œ
09:37
watching her experiment launch to the International Space Station.
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์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
That cloud of smoke is the rocket
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์ € ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์•ˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œํ”ผ์•„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„
09:43
that brought Anna-Sophia's experiment to the International Space Station,
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๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ค€ ๋กœ์ผ“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
where, three days later,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ 3์ผ ํ›„์—
09:50
astronaut Tim Peake carried out her experiment --
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ ํŒ€ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‚˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ค‘๋ ฅ์—์„œ
09:54
in microgravity.
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์ง์ ‘ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Personal DNA machines are now aboard the International Space Station,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์–ด
09:59
where they can help monitor living conditions
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
10:02
and protect the lives of astronauts.
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
A 16-year-old designing a DNA experiment
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16์‚ด์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„
10:09
to protect the lives of astronauts
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์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด DNA ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:11
may seem like a rarity, the mark of a child genius.
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๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒœ์žฌ์ธ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Well, to me, it signals something bigger:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
that DNA technology is finally within the reach of every one of you.
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๋“œ๋””์–ด DNA ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
10:24
A few years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—
10:26
a college student armed with a personal computer
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋งŒ
10:29
could code an app,
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์–ดํ”Œ์„ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
an app that is now a social network with more than one billion users.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ดํ”Œ์€ 10์–ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Could we be moving into a world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
10:37
of one personal DNA machine in every home?
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:41
I know families who are already living in this reality.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
The Daniels family, for example,
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์Šค ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
10:47
set up a DNA lab in the basement of their suburban Chicago home.
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ณฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์— DNA์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
This is not a family made of PhD scientists.
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๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ์ง‘์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
This is a family like any other.
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ณ 
10:58
They just like to spend time together doing fun, creative things.
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
By day, Brian is an executive at a private equity firm.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์€ ๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ชจํŽ€๋“œํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
11:07
At night and on weekends, he experiments with DNA
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๋ฐค๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ง์—๋Š” 7์‚ด๊ณผ 9์‚ด์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
11:10
alongside his kids, ages seven and nine,
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DNA๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
as a way to explore the living world.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
11:15
Last time I called them,
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์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ์— ํ†ตํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:17
they were checking out homegrown produce from the backyard garden.
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์Šค ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์ง์ ‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฅธ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
They were testing tomatoes that they had picked,
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์ง์ ‘ ๋”ด ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:23
taking the flesh of their skin, putting it in a test tube,
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๊ณผ์œก์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
11:26
mixing it with chemicals to extract DNA
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DNA๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ์•ฝํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„ž์–ด
11:28
and then using their home DNA copier
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๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ DNA๋ณต์ œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
11:31
to test those tomatoes for genetically engineered traits.
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์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ์œ ์ „ ํ˜•์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
For the Daniels family,
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์Šค ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒ
11:38
the personal DNA machine is like the chemistry set
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ DNA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜
11:41
for the 21st century.
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๊ณผํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
Most of us may not yet be diagnosing genetic conditions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์•„์ง์€ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ์‹ฑํฌ๋Œ€์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:47
in our kitchen sinks
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11:49
or doing at-home paternity testing.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์นœ์žํ™•์ธ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:52
But we've definitely reached a point in history
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
11:54
where every one of you could actually get hands-on with DNA
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:00
in your kitchen.
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์‹œ์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
You could copy, paste and analyze DNA
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DNA๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:05
and extract meaningful information from it.
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์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
And it's at times like this that profound transformation
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
is bound to happen;
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12:12
moments when a transformative, powerful technology
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์„ ํƒ๋ฐ›์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ
12:16
that was before limited to a select few in the ivory tower,
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ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
12:19
finally becomes within the reach of every one of us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:23
from farmers to schoolchildren.
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๋†๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
12:26
Think about the moment
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์ „์„ ์— ๋งค์—ฌ
12:27
when phones stopped being plugged into the wall by cords,
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๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜
12:31
or when computers left the mainframe
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ์ฒด์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด
12:34
and entered your home or your office.
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์ง‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:37
The ripples of the personal DNA revolution
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๊ฐœ์ธ์  DNA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์€
12:40
may be hard to predict,
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ
12:41
but one thing is certain:
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์ด๊ฑฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
revolutions don't go backwards,
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ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ‡ด๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
and DNA technology is already spreading faster than our imagination.
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DNA ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
So if you're curious,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:52
get up close and personal with DNA -- today.
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๋‹น์žฅ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€์„ธ์š”.
12:55
It is in our DNA to be curious.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:59
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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