What's hidden under the Greenland ice sheet? | Kristin Poinar

2,631,257 views ・ 2017-11-06

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: SeungGyu Min κ²€ν† : Tae-Hoon Chung
00:12
When was I was 21 years old,
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μ œκ°€ 21μ‚΄ λ•Œ
00:15
I had all this physics homework.
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물리학 μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
Physics homework requires taking breaks,
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물리학 μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‹€ 보면 쀑간 쀑간 μ‰¬κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°
00:20
and Wikipedia was relatively new, so I took a lot of breaks there.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„κ°€ κ°“ 생긴 λ•ŒλΌ κ±°κΈ°μ„œ 자주 μ‹œκ°„μ„ 보내곀 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
I kept going back to the same articles,
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κ·Έλ•Œ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 기사λ₯Ό λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ
00:26
reading them again and again,
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읽고 또 μ½μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
00:28
on glaciers, Antarctica and Greenland.
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λΉ™ν•˜μ™€ λ‚¨κ·ΉλŒ€λ₯™, κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œ 등에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°μ‚¬μ˜€μ£ .
00:33
How cool would it be to visit these places
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그런 델 κ°€λ©΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ©‹μ§ˆκΉŒ?
00:35
and what would it take to do so?
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뭘 타고 κ°€μ•Ό λ˜μ§€?
00:38
Well, here we are
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음, μ—¬κΈ° 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„ 
00:39
on a repurposed Air Force cargo plane
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λ―Έ ν•­κ³΅μš°μ£Όκ΅­μ΄ μš΄μš©ν•˜λ˜ 개쑰된 λ―Έκ΅° ν™”λ¬ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό 저희가 타고
00:41
operated by NASA
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00:43
flying over the Greenland ice sheet.
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κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œμ˜ λΉ™μƒμœ„λ₯Ό λΉ„ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
There's a lot to see here,
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이곳엔 λ³Ό 것이 λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ
00:48
but there's more that is hidden,
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더 λ§Žμ€ 게 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 묻힌 채
00:49
waiting to be uncovered.
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λ°œκ²¬λ˜κΈ°λ§Œμ„ 기닀리고 있죠.
00:52
What the Wikipedia articles didn't tell me
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μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„ 기사가 μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것도 μžˆλŠ”λ°
00:54
is that there's liquid water hidden inside the ice sheet,
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λ°”λ‘œ 빙상 속에 앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ 물이 숨겨져 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
because we didn't know that yet.
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아무도 κ·Έλ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λͺ°λžκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ² μ£ .
01:02
I did learn on Wikipedia that the Greenland ice sheet is huge,
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œμ˜ 빙상이 κ±°λŒ€ν•΄
01:05
the size of Mexico,
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λ©•μ‹œμ½” 크기만큼 크고
01:06
and its ice from top to bottom is two miles thick.
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μœ„μ—μ„œ λ°”λ‹₯κΉŒμ§€κ°€ 2λ§ˆμΌμ— 이λ₯Ό 만큼 λ‘κ»λ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œμ•˜μ£ .
01:10
But it's not just static.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  이게 κ·Έλƒ₯ κ°€λ§Œνžˆ μžˆλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
The ice flows like a river downhill towards the ocean.
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μ–ΌμŒμ΄ κ°•μ²˜λŸΌ 내리막을 따라 λ°”λ‹€λ‘œ 흘러 듀어가기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
As it flows around bends,
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꡽이쳐 흐λ₯Ό 땐
01:19
it deforms and cracks.
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λΉ™ν•˜μ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘도 λ°”κΎΈκ³  κΉ¨λœ¨λ¦¬κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
01:21
I get to study these amazing ice dynamics,
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μ €λŠ” 이듀 λΉ™ν•˜μ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ 역동성을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
which are located in one of the most remote physical environments
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지ꡬ상에 남은 κ°€μž₯ μ™Έλ”΄ 물리적인 ν™˜κ²½ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ—μ„œ
λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
remaining on earth.
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01:29
To work in glaciology right now is like getting in on the ground floor
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μ§€κΈˆ λΉ™ν•˜ν•™μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 일은 마치 2000λ…„λŒ€μ—
페이슀뢁 1측에 λ„μ°©ν•œ 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:33
at Facebook in the 2000s.
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01:35
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:37
Our capability to fly airplanes and satellites over the ice sheets
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빙상 μœ„λ₯Ό λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ‚˜ μœ„μ„±μœΌλ‘œ λ– λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©° κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯은
01:40
is revolutionizing glaciology.
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빙학학을 혁λͺ…μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
It's just starting to do for science
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슀마트폰이 μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄μ— 끼친 영ν–₯에
01:44
what the smartphone has done for social media.
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λ²„κΈˆκ°€λŠ” 사건이 κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:47
The satellites are reporting a wealth of observations
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μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ΄ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ κ΄€μΈ‘ κ²°κ³Ό 덕뢄에
01:50
that are revealing new hidden facts about the ice sheets continuously.
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빙상에 λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ°λžλ˜ 사싀이 λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜κ³  있죠.
01:55
For instance, we have observations of the size of the Greenland ice sheet
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œ λΉ™μƒμ˜ 크기가
01:59
every month going back to 2002.
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맀달 2002λ…„ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„ κ°€λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„ ν¬μž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
You can look towards the bottom of the screen here
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ν™”λ©΄μ˜ μ•„λž˜μͺ½μ„ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
02:04
to see the month and the year go forward.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ©° λͺ‡ λ…„ λͺ‡ 월인지 ν‘œμ‹œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
You can see that some areas of the ice sheet melt
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λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 일뢀 지역엔 ν•˜μ ˆκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ…Ήκ±°λ‚˜
02:09
or lose ice in the summer.
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사라진 κ±Έ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 반면
02:11
Other areas experience snowfall
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 지역을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ λ™μ ˆκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ 눈이 였고
02:13
or gain ice back in the winter.
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μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ²¨λ‚œ 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:16
This seasonal cycle, though, is eclipsed by an overall rate of mass loss
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 κ³„μ ˆμ  주기성은 50년전이라면 λΉ™ν•˜ν•™μžλ“€μ„ λ†€λž˜μΌ°μ„
02:21
that would have stunned a glaciologist 50 years ago.
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μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ–ΌμŒ μ–‘μ˜ κ°μ†ŒλΌλŠ” ν˜„μƒμ— λ¬»ν˜€λ²„λ¦¬κ³  λ§μ•˜μ£ .
02:25
We never thought that an ice sheet could lose mass into the ocean this quickly.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 빙상이 이처럼 빨리 λ…Ήμ•„ λ°”λ‹€λ‘œ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆμ§€ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Since these measurements began in 2002,
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2002λ…„ 츑정을 μ‹œμž‘ν•œ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ
02:33
the ice sheet has lost so much ice
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λΉ™μƒμ˜ μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 사라져
02:36
that if that water were piled up on our smallest continent,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έ 녹은 물을 κ°€μž₯ μž‘μ€ λŒ€λ₯™ μœ„μ— μŒ“λŠ”λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
02:39
it would drown Australia knee-deep.
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호주 λŒ€λ₯™ 전체λ₯Ό 무릎 κΉŠμ΄κΉŒμ§€ 잠기게 ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
How is this possible?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그런 일이 κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:45
Well, under the ice lies the bedrock.
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μ € μ–ΌμŒ μ•„λž˜μ—λŠ” κΈ°λ°˜μ•”μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
We used radar to image the hills, valleys, mountains and depressions
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ–ΌμŒμ„ λ– λ°›μΉ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 언덕과 계곑, μ‚° 그리고 침강지역을
λ ˆμ΄λ‹€ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λ‘œ κ΄€μ°°ν•΄ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:53
that the ice flows over.
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02:54
Hidden under the ice sheet are channels the size of the Grand Canyon
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빙상 μ•„λž˜μ—” κ·Έλžœλ“œ 캐년 크기의 ν˜‘κ³‘μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:58
that funnel ice and water off of Greenland and into the ocean.
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μ–ΌμŒκ³Ό 녹은 물은 이 ν˜‘κ³‘μ„ 따라 κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œ λ„ˆλ¨Έ λ°”λ‹€λ‘œ 흘러 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
The reason that radar can reveal the bedrock
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λ ˆμ΄λ‹€μ— κΈ°λ°˜μ•”μ΄ 작힌 건
03:06
is that ice is entirely transparent to radar.
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λ ˆμ΄λ‹€κ°€ μ–ΌμŒμ€ κ·Έλƒ₯ νˆ¬κ³Όν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
You can do an experiment.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 잘 μ•„μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Go home and put an ice cube in the microwave.
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집에 κ°€μ…”μ„œ κ°μ–ΌμŒμ„ μ „μžλ Œμ§€μ— λ„£κ³  돌렀 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:14
It won't melt,
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녹지 μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
because microwaves, or radar,
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κ·Ήμ΄ˆλ‹¨νŒŒλ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” μ „μžλ Œμ§€λ‚˜ λ ˆμ΄λ‹€λŠ”
03:18
pass straight through the ice without interacting.
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아무 일 없이 μ–ΌμŒμ„ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ νˆ¬κ³Όν•΄ λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
If you want to melt your ice cube, you have to get it wet,
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κ°μ–ΌμŒμ„ 녹이고 μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹œλ‹€λ©΄ 물을 쑰금 발라 μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
03:25
because water heats up easily in the microwave.
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μ „μžλ Œμ§€μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 물은 μ‰½κ²Œ λ°μ›Œμ§€λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:29
That's the whole principle the microwave oven is designed around.
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μ „μžλ Œμ§€λŠ” λ‹€ 이런 μ›λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Radar can see water.
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λ ˆμ΄λ‹€λŠ” 물은 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
And radar has revealed a vast pool of liquid water
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κ·Έ λ ˆμ΄λ‹€λ‘œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 앑체 μƒνƒœ 물을
03:38
hidden under my colleague Olivia,
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제 λ™λ£Œ μ˜¬λ¦¬λΉ„μ•„μ˜ 발 μ•„λž˜
03:40
seven stories beneath her feet.
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7μΈ΅ 정도 μ§€ν•˜μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Here, she's used a pump
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜¬λ¦¬λΉ„μ•„κ°€ νŽŒν”„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
03:44
to bring some of that water back to the ice sheet's surface.
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κ·Έ 물을 쑰금 빙상 μœ„λ‘œ λŒμ–΄ 올리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
Just six years ago, we had no idea this glacier aquifer existed.
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6λ…„ μ „λ§Œ 해도 μ €ν¬λŠ” λΉ™ν•˜ λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό λͺ°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
The aquifer formed
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이 λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μ€
03:55
when snow melts in the summer sun
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여름에 햇빛에 녹은 λΉ™ν•˜κ°€
03:57
and trickles downward.
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μ•„λž˜λ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬λ“€μ–΄ μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
It puddles up in huge pools.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 물웅덩이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ£ .
04:02
From there, the snow acts as an igloo,
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λˆˆμ€ 이글루 역할을 ν•΄
04:05
insulating this water from the cold and the wind above.
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μ§€μƒμ˜ μΆ”μœ„μ™€ λ°”λžŒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이 물을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
So the water can stay hidden in the ice sheet
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ 물은 μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ 물의 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ
04:11
in liquid form year after year.
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빙상 속에 λ¬»ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
The question is, what happens next?
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” 무슨 일이 μƒκΈΈκΉŒ? κΆκΈˆν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Does the water stay there forever?
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물은 μ˜μ›νžˆ μ €κΈ° 머물러 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:19
It could.
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그럴 μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
04:20
Or does it find a way out to reach the global ocean?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λŒ€μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°€λŠ” 길이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:24
One possible way for the water to reach the bedrock
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물이 κΈ°λ°˜μ•”μ— λ‹Ώμ•„ λŒ€μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ 갈 수 μžˆλŠ”
04:27
and from there the ocean
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ν•œ 가지 방법은
04:29
is a crevasse, or a crack in the ice.
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ν¬λ ˆλ°”μŠ€ ν˜Ήμ€ μ–ΌμŒμ΄ κ°ˆλΌμ§„ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
When cracks fill with water,
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이 κ°ˆλΌμ§„ 뢀뢄에 물이 μ±„μ›Œμ§€λ©΄
04:34
the weight of the water forces them deeper and deeper.
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κ·Έ 물의 무게 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ°ˆλΌμ§„ 뢀뢄이 점점 더 κΉŠμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
This is how fracking works
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ν”„λž˜ν‚Ήμ€ λ°”λ‘œ 이런 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
04:39
to extract natural gas from deep within the earth.
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λ•… μ•„λž˜ κΉŠμ€ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ²œμ—°κ°€μŠ€λ₯Ό λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:42
Pressurized fluids fracture rocks.
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μ••λ ₯이 가해진 앑체가 λ°”μœ„λ₯Ό μͺΌκ°œλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
All it takes is a crack to get started.
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이게 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ €λ©΄ κ·Έλƒ₯ κ°ˆλΌμ§„ ν‹ˆλ§Œ 있으면 되죠.
04:47
Well, we recently discovered
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음, μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ €ν¬λŠ”
04:50
that there are cracks available in the Greenland ice sheet
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κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œμ˜ 빙상 속 이 λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅ κ·Όμ²˜μ—
04:54
near this glacier aquifer.
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κ°ˆλΌμ§„ 뢀뢄이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
You can fly over most of the Greenland ice sheet
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κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œ 빙상 μœ„λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
04:58
and see nothing,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 아무것도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
no cracks, no features on the surface,
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깨진 뢀뢄도 νŠΉμ§•μ μΈ μ–΄λ–€ ꡬ쑰도 λΉ™ν•˜ μœ„μ—μ„  찾을 수 μ—†μ£ .
05:02
but as this helicopter flies towards the coast,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 헬리μ½₯ν„°λ₯Ό 타고 물이 λŒ€μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯을 따라
05:06
the path that water would take on its quest to flow downhill,
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ν•΄μ•ˆμͺ½ λ‚΄λ¦¬λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
05:09
one crack appears,
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깨진 뢀뢄이 ν•˜λ‚˜ 보이고
05:11
then another and another.
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또 ν•˜λ‚˜ 또 ν•˜λ‚˜ 연이어 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Are these cracks filled with liquid water?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이듀 κ°ˆλΌμ§„ ν‹ˆμ—λŠ” 물이 가득 λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:17
And if so, how deep do they take that water?
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λ§Œμ•½ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έ 물은 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κΉŠμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:20
Can they take it to the bedrock
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κΈ°λ°˜μ•”κΉŒμ§€ λ‹Ώμ•„ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:21
and the ocean?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ°”λ‹€κΉŒμ§€ λ‹Ώμ•„ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:23
To answer these questions,
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
05:24
we need something beyond remote sensing data.
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원격 μ„Όμ„œκ°€ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œ 자료 μ΄μƒμ˜ 것이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
We need numeric models.
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수치 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
05:31
I write numeric models that run on supercomputers.
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μ €λŠ” 수치 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μŠˆνΌμ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—μ„œ 돌렀 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
A numeric model is simply a set of equations
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수치 λͺ¨ν˜•μ€ κ·Έμ € ν•œ λ­‰μΉ˜μ˜ 방정식인데
05:36
that works together to describe something.
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무엇인가λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  λ•Œ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ£ .
05:39
It can be as simple as the next number in a sequence --
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이건 일련의 숫자 λ‹€μŒμ— 올 숫자처럼 λ‹¨μˆœν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있고 --
05:42
one, three, five, seven --
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일, μ‚Ό, 였, μΉ  --
05:45
or it can be a more complex set of equations
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μ’€ 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ν•œ λ”λ―Έμ˜ 방정식이 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
that predict the future
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미래λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  λ•Œ
05:49
based on known conditions in the present.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ•Œλ €μ§„ 쑰건을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όμ£ .
05:51
In our case, what are the equations for how ice cracks?
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μ €μ˜ 경우, μ–ΌμŒμ΄ κ°ˆλΌμ§€λŠ” 방식에 λŒ€ν•œ 식은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
05:56
Well, engineers already have a very good understanding
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음, κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이미 μ•Œλ£¨λ―ΈλŠ„μ΄λ‚˜ κ°•μ² , ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ΄
05:59
of how aluminum, steel and plastics fracture under stress.
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μ••λ ₯을 λ°›μœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ―κ²Œ κΉ¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
It's an important problem in our society.
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이것은 우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„  μ€‘μš”ν•œ 문제죠.
06:07
And it turns out that the engineering equations
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그런데 μ•Œκ³  λ΄€λ”λ‹ˆ 물질이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κΉ¨μ§€λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ
06:10
for how materials fracture
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이 κ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œ μ“°λŠ” 방정식은
06:11
are not that different from my physics homework.
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제 물리학 λ¬Έμ œμ™€ 별닀λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
So I borrowed them, adapted them for ice,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ 곡식을 빌렀 μ–ΌμŒμ— λ§žλ„λ‘ μˆ˜μ •ν•΄
06:17
and then I had a numeric model for how a crevasse can fracture
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λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μ˜ 물이 ν¬λ ˆλ°”μŠ€λ₯Ό λ©”μšΈ λ•Œ κ·Έ ν‹ˆμ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 갈라질 지
06:20
when filled with water from the aquifer.
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수치λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μ–»μ—ˆμ£ .
06:24
This is the power of math.
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이것이 μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
It can help us understand real processes in our world.
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κ·Έ μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” 우리 ν˜„μ‹€μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ‹€μ œ 과정을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ£Όμ£ .
06:29
I'll show you now the results of my numeric model,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 제 수치λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
but first I should point out
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그전에 λ¨Όμ € λ§μ”€λ“œλ €μ•Ό ν•  것이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
06:34
that the crevasse is about a thousand times narrower than it is deep,
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ν¬λ ˆλ°”μŠ€λŠ” κΉŠμ΄λ³΄λ‹€ 폭이 수천 λ°°λ‚˜ 더 μ’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
so in the main panel here,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 그림의 μ€‘μš”λΆ€λΆ„λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
06:39
we've zoomed in to better see the details.
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μžμ„Ένžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν™•λŒ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
You can look to the smaller panel on the right
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ν¬λ ˆλ°”μŠ€κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 깊고 쒁은지 μ‹€μ œ 크기가 μ•Œκ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹œλ©΄
06:43
to see the true scale for how tall and skinny the crevasse is.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ˜ μž‘μ€ 그림을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
As the aquifer water flows into the crevasse,
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λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅ 물이 ν¬λ ˆλ°”μŠ€ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬λ“€λ©΄μ„œ
06:51
some of it refreezes in the negative 15 degree Celsius ice.
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κ·Έ μΌλΆ€λŠ” 섭씨 μ˜ν•˜ 15λ„μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ—…λ‹ˆ λ‹€.
06:55
That's about as cold as your kitchen freezer.
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집에 μžˆλŠ” 냉동고 μ •λ„λ‘œ μΆ”μš΄ κ±°μ£ .
06:57
But this loss can be overcome
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–ΌμŒμœΌλ‘œ μ—†μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 물의 양은
06:59
if the flow rate in from the glacier aquifer is high enough.
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λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬λ“œλŠ” μˆ˜λŸ‰μ΄ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 크면 상쇄가 λ˜λŠ”λ°
07:03
In our case, it is,
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μ €ν¬μ˜ 경우 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
and the aquifer water drives the crevasse all the way to the base of the ice sheet
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그리고 λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅ 물은 ν¬λ ˆλ°”μŠ€λ₯Ό 천 λ―Έν„°λ‚˜ μ € μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆλŠ”
07:09
a thousand meters below.
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κΈ°λ°˜μ•”κΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄λ €κ°€κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ .
07:12
From there, it has a clear path to reach the ocean.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—λŠ” λŒ€μ–‘κΉŒμ§€ μ—°κ²°λ˜λŠ” λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 물길이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
So the aquifer water is a part
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μ˜ 물은
07:18
of the three millimeters per year of sea level rise
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맀년 ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄ μˆ˜μœ„λ₯Ό 3mmμ”© μƒμŠΉμ‹œμΌœ
전세계에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
that we experience as a global society.
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07:26
But there's more:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그게 λ‹€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
the aquifer water might be punching above its weight.
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λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μ€ λ‚΄λ¦¬λˆ„λ₯΄λŠ” 무게 μ΄μƒμ˜ 영ν–₯을 미치고 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
The ice flows in complex ways.
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μ–ΌμŒμ˜ 이동은 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
In some places, the ice flows very fast.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–ΌμŒμ΄ μ•„μ£Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
There tends to be water at the base of the ice sheet here.
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이런 κ³³μ—λŠ” 빙상 μ•„λž˜ 물이 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
In other places, not so fast.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ” 흐름이 λΉ λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:43
Usually, there's not water present at the base there.
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보톡 그런 λΉ™ν•˜ μ•„λž˜μ—” 물이 μ—†μ£ .
07:46
Now that we know the aquifer water is getting to the base of the ice sheet,
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이제 λŒ€μˆ˜μΈ΅μ˜ 물이 빙상 μ•„λž˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ•”μ— λ‹ΏλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•„λ‹ˆκΉŒ
07:50
the next question is:
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
Is it making the ice itself flow faster into the ocean?
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그러면 μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ°”λ‹€λ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°€λŠ” 속도가 더 λΉ¨λΌμ§€λŠ”κ°€?
07:58
We're trying to uncover these mysteries hidden inside the Greenland ice sheet
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μ €ν¬λŠ” κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œ 빙상 μ•„λž˜ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 이 κΆκΈˆμ¦μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
so that we can better plan for the sea level rise it holds.
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그러면 ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μ˜ μƒμŠΉμ— μ’€ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 방법을 μ„ΈμšΈ 수 있겠죠.
08:06
The amount of ice that Greenland has lost since 2002
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2002λ…„ 이후 κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œμ—μ„œ 사라진 μ–ΌμŒμ˜ 양은
08:09
is just a small fraction of what that ice sheet holds.
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전체 빙상에 λ‹΄κΈ΄ μ–ΌμŒμ— λΉ„ν•΄ μž‘μ€ 일뢀일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
Ice sheets are immense, powerful machines that operate on long timescales.
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빙상은 κ΄‘λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κΈ°μž‘μ΄ 였랜 μ„Έμ›” μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
In the next 80 years, global sea levels will rise at least 20 centimeters,
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ν–₯ν›„ 80λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 전세계 ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μ€ 적어도 20cmμ—μ„œ
08:24
perhaps as much as one meter,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 1m λ˜λŠ”
08:26
and maybe more.
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더 높이 μƒμŠΉν•  지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Our understanding of future sea level rise is good,
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미래 ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μ˜ μƒμŠΉ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ 어떨지에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:31
but our projections have a wide range.
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κ·Έ μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜λŠ” λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 폭이 λ„“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
It's our role as glaciologists and scientists
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저희 λΉ™ν•˜ν•™μžμ™€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ˜ 역할은
08:37
to narrow these uncertainties.
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이 λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
How much sea level rise is coming,
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ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μ€ μ–Όλ§ˆκΉŒμ§€ μƒμŠΉν• κΉŒ?
08:43
and how fast will it get here?
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 빨리 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 될까?
08:46
We need to know how much and how fast,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 정도와 속도λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
so the world and its communities can plan for the sea level rise that's coming.
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전세계와 곡동체가 ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄ μƒμŠΉμ— 미리 λŒ€λΉ„ν•  수 있게 말이죠.
08:55
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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