The Chilling Aftershock of a Brush with Death | Jean-Paul Mari | TED Talks

43,722 views ใƒป 2015-12-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
It was April 8, 2003.
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2003๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
I was in Baghdad, covering the war in Iraq.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋‹ค๋“œ์—์„œ ์ด๋ผํฌ์ „์„ ์ทจ์žฌ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
That day, Americans tanks started arriving in Baghdad.
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ํƒฑํฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋‹ค๋“œ์— ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋ฌต๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
We were just a few journalists in the Palestine Hotel,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์œผ๋ ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ,
00:35
and, as happens in war,
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00:37
the fighting began to approach outside our windows.
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์ ‘์ „์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Baghdad was covered in black smoke and oil.
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๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋‹ค๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์˜€๊ณ ,
00:46
It smelled awful.
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๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณ ์•ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:48
We couldn't see a thing, but we knew what was happening.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:50
Of course, I was supposed to be writing an article,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ํฐ ์ผ์ด ํ„ฐ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
but that's how it always goes --
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00:54
you're supposed to be writing and something big happens.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” 16์ธต ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ,
00:57
So I was in my room on the 16th floor,
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ
01:00
writing and looking out the window every now and then
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:03
to see what was happening.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Suddenly, there was a huge explosion.
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01:07
During the previous three weeks,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์‚ผ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ฐ˜ ํ†ค์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๊ณผ
01:09
there had been shelling with half-ton missiles,
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ํญํƒ„ ํญ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:13
but this time, the shock --
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ข€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
I felt it inside of me,
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01:19
and I thought, "It's very close.
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์ „ ๋Š๊ผˆ์–ด์š”, "์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค! ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค."
01:21
It's very, very close."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์–ด์š”,
01:23
So I went down to see what was happening.
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01:25
I went down to the 15th floor
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15์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ,
01:29
to take a look.
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๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณต๋„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:31
And I saw people, journalists, screaming in the hallways.
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01:34
I walked into a room
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๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ˆ
01:36
and realized that it had been hit by a missile.
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๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์— ๋งž์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์นœ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Someone had been wounded.
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:45
There was a man near the window,
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ํƒ€๋ผ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์…”ํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋งจ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
a cameraman named Taras Protsyuk,
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01:52
lying face-down.
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์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:58
Having worked in a hospital before, I wanted to help out.
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์ „ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:02
So I turned him over.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์—ˆ์„๋•Œ,
02:04
And when I turned him over,
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ‰๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์น˜๊ณจ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ…… ๋นˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
I noticed that he was open from sternum to pubis,
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02:11
but I couldn't see anything, nothing at all.
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02:14
All I saw was a white, pearly, shiny spot that blinded me,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜์–—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ฃผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ฉ€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:21
and I didn't understand what was going on.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:23
Once the spot disappeared and I could see his wound,
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๊ทธ ์ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋’ค์—์•ผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
02:26
which was very serious,
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์ €์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒœ์„ ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๊น”๊ณ ,
02:28
my buddies and I put a sheet underneath him,
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02:30
and we carried him onto an elevator that stopped at each of the 15 floors.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธต์— ๋‹ค ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
๋ณ‘์› ์ด์†ก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์— ํƒœ์› ์ง€๋งŒ
02:34
We put him in a car that took him to the hospital.
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02:36
He died on the way to the hospital.
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๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋งจ์ธ
02:38
The Spanish cameraman Josรฉ Couso, who was on the 14th floor and also hit --
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ํ˜ธ์„ธ ์ฝ”์šฐ์†Œ๋„ ํฌํƒ„์— ๋งž์•„ 14์ธต์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ณค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
because the shell had exploded between the two floors --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌํƒ„์ด ๋‘ ์ธต ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
๊ทธ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋Œ€ ์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
died on the operating table.
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02:49
As soon as the car left, I went back.
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์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ž๋งˆ์ž ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์–ด์š”. ์จ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:51
There was that article I was supposed to write --
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02:53
which I had to write.
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๊ผญ ์จ์•ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜€์–ด์š”.
02:56
And so --
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02:57
I returned to the hotel lobby with my arms covered in blood,
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ํŒ”์ด ํ”ผ๋ฒ”๋ฒ…์ธ ์ฑ„๋กœ ํ˜ธํ…” ๋กœ๋น„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:04
when one of the hotel gofers stopped me
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ํ˜ธํ…”์˜ ์žก์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„๊พผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋”๋‹ˆ
03:07
and asked me to pay the tax I hadn't paid for 10 days.
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10์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ˆ ๋‚ธ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
์ €๋Š” ๊บผ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:11
I told him to get lost.
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03:13
And I said to myself: "Clear your head, put it all aside.
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"๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์šฐ์ž. ์ž ์‹œ ์žŠ์–ด!
03:19
If you want to write, you need to put it all aside."
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๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋ ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ค ์ ‘์–ด๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด."
03:21
And that's what I did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ณ ,
03:22
I went upstairs, wrote my article and sent it off.
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๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ›„์—,
03:27
Later, aside from the feeling of having lost my colleagues,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์€ ํ›„์œ ์ฆ ์™ธ์—
03:31
something else was bothering me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
I kept seeing that shiny, pearly spot,
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๋ฐ˜์ง๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ฃผ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ 
03:40
and I couldn't understand what it meant.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋์–ด์š”.
03:43
And then, the war was over.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
03:48
Later, I thought: "That's not possible. I can't just not know what happened."
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด."
03:54
Because it wasn't the first time, and it didn't only happen to me.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:58
I have seen things like that happen to others
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
๊ธฐ์ž ์ƒํ™œ 20~35๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:02
in my 20 to 35 years of reporting.
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04:04
I have seen things that had an effect on me too.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
04:08
For example, there was this man I knew in Lebanon,
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ, ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:11
a 25-year-old veteran who had been fighting for five years --
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5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ 25์‚ด ์ฐธ์ „ ์šฉ์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฐธ์ „ ์šฉ์‚ฌ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””๋“  ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋…”์–ด์š”!
04:14
a real veteran -- who we would follow everywhere.
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04:16
He would crawl in the dark with confidence --
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋‘  ์†์„ ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”
๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”!
04:20
he was a great soldier, a true soldier --
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04:23
so we would follow him, knowing that we would be safe with him.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋…”์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:26
And one day, as I was told --
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04:28
and I've seen him again since --
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๋ถ€๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ์นด๋“œ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:30
he was back in the camp, playing cards,
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04:32
when someone came in next door,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜† ๋ง‰์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ์ด์„ ์˜์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
and discharged their weapon.
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04:38
As the gun went off,
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์ด์„ ์˜์ž ๊ทธ ์ด์•Œ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์—
04:39
that blast, that one shot, made him duck quickly under the table,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฑ…์ƒ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ˆจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
like a child.
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04:47
He was shaking, panicking.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋–จ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒ์— ์งˆ๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:49
And since then, he has never been able to get up and fight.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์ผ์–ด์„œ์„œ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:54
He ended up working as a croupier
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ฃจํŠธ ์นด์ง€๋…ธ์—์„œ ๋”œ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
in a Beirut casino where I later found him,
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04:59
because he couldn't sleep, so it was quite a suitable job.
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์ž ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋”ฑ ๋งž๋Š” ์ง์—…์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:02
So I thought to myself,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ์ƒ๋„ ์—†์ด
05:04
"What is this thing that can kill you
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?
05:08
without leaving any visible scars?
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05:12
How does that happen?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?"
05:16
What is this unknown thing?"
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์šฐ์—ฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:19
It was too common to be coincidental.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
05:23
So I started to investigate --
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05:25
that's all I know how to do.
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ํ•  ์ค„ ์•„๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฑ…์—๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
05:27
I started to investigate
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05:29
by looking through books,
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์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์–ด์š”.
05:32
reaching out to psychiatrists,
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05:35
going to museums, libraries, etc.
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05:38
Finally, I discovered that some people knew about this --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:42
often military psychiatrists --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:44
and that what we were dealing with was called trauma.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:49
Americans call it PTSD or traumatic neurosis.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์•  (PTSD)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
It was something
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์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:58
that existed,
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06:00
but that we never spoke about.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 'ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ'๊ฐ€ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:04
So, this trauma --
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06:06
what is it?
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06:07
Well, it's an encounter with death.
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์ฃฝ์Œ๊ณผ์˜ ์กฐ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹  ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์ฃฝ์€ ์‹œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:11
I don't know if you've ever had an experience with death --
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06:13
I'm not talking about dead bodies,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์› ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”!
06:15
or someone's grandfather lying in a hospital bed,
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06:19
or someone who got hit by a car.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ฐจ์— ์น˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
06:24
I'm talking about facing the void of death.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•จ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
And that is something no one is supposed to see.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:35
People used to say,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜›๋ง์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š” "ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ๋งจ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค."
06:37
"Neither the sun, nor death can be looked at with a steady eye."
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06:41
A human being should not have to face the void of death.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•จ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด,
06:46
But when that happens,
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06:49
it can remain invisible for a while --
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06:53
days, weeks, months, sometimes years.
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๋ฉฐ์น , ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ, ๋ช‡๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
And then, at some point,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํญ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
it explodes,
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07:00
because it's something that has entered your brain --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฟฐ๋šซ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์ •์‹  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
07:04
a sort of window between an image and your mind --
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๋‡Œ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
07:09
that has penetrated your brain,
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07:11
staying there and taking up all the space inside.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ• ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
07:17
And there are people -- men, women,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ž๊ฑด, ์—ฌ์ž๊ฑด, ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
07:20
who suddenly no longer sleep.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๋ฐœ์ž‘์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
And they experience horrible anxiety attacks --
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07:26
panic attacks, not just minor fears.
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๊ณตํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
They suddenly don't want to sleep,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ž ์„ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
because when they do, they have the same nightmare every night.
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์ž ์„ ์ž๋ฉด ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ๊ฐ™์€ ์•…๋ชฝ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
They see the same image every night.
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๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฟˆ์—์„œ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:38
What type of image?
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07:40
For example, a soldier who enters a building
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ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ด์„ ๊ฒจ๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
and comes face to face with another soldier aiming at him.
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07:45
He looks at the gun, straight down the barrel.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And this barrel suddenly becomes enormous, deformed.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด ์ด์ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณต์‹ค๋ณต์‹คํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
It becomes fluffy, swallowing everything.
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07:54
And he says --
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ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ดค์–ด. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ดค์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์–ด."
07:58
later he will say, "I saw death.
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08:00
I saw myself dead, therefore I'm dead."
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:03
And from then on, he knows he is dead.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ž๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:07
It is not a perception -- he is convinced that he is dead.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์„ ์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:12
In reality, someone came in, the guy left or didn't shoot, whatever,
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08:15
and he didn't actually get shot --
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
but to him, he died in that moment.
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๋‚ฉ๊ณจ๋‹น ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:19
Or it can be the smell of a mass grave --
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
08:21
I saw a lot of that in Rwanda.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
08:23
It can be the voice of a friend calling,
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08:27
and they're being slaughtered and there's nothing you can do.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์‚ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์‹ ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:30
You hear that voice,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ,
08:32
and you wake up every night -- for weeks, months --
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ, ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ์ž๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊นน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
in a trance-like state, anxious and terrified,
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์ตœ๋ฉด์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ์— ์งˆ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
08:40
like a child.
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08:41
I have seen men cry --
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋Š”
08:44
just like children --
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08:46
from seeing the same image.
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
So having that image of horror in your brain,
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๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณตํฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€,
08:54
seeing the void of death --
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์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•จ์ด
08:56
that analogue of horror which is hiding something --
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ƒ์˜
๊ณตํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๊ฐ€,
09:00
will completely take over.
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์žฅ์•…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
You cannot do anything, anything at all.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
09:03
You cannot work anymore,
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ผ๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ˆ„๊ตด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
you cannot love anymore.
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09:06
You go home and don't recognize anyone.
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชป ์•Œ์•„๋ด์š”. ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชป ์•Œ์•„๋ด์š”.
09:08
You don't even recognize yourself.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ˆจ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
You hide and don't leave the house, you lock yourself in, you become ill.
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09:16
I know people who placed small cans outside their house with coins inside,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ๋ด
์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์— ๋™์ „์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ์ž‘์€ ์บ”์„ ๋†“๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
in case someone tried to get in.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:23
All of a sudden, you feel like you want to die or kill
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09:25
or hide or run away.
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์–ด๋””์— ์ˆจ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋ง๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
You want to be loved, but you hate everyone.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
It's a feeling that seizes you entirely
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์— ๋ฐค๋‚ฎ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžˆ๊ณ 
09:34
day in and day out,
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09:36
and you suffer tremendously.
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๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
And no one understands.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”!
09:42
They say, "There's nothing wrong with you. You seem fine, you have no injuries.
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๋‚จ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„Œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด.
๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ. ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์‚ด์•„ ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ณ , ๋„Œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„."
09:46
You went to war, came back; you're fine."
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ›„์œ ์ฆ์— ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋Š” ์ž์‚ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:50
These people suffer tremendously.
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09:52
Some commit suicide.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ž์‚ดํ•ด๋„ ๋‚ด ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ
09:54
After all, suicide is like updating your daily planner --
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09:56
I'm already dead, I might as well commit suicide.
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๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์ฃ .
์ž์‚ดํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋„ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:59
Plus, there is no more pain.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์‚ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:01
Some commit suicide, others end up under the bridge, drinking.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ
์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
๋งจ๋‚  ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ๋ง์€ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
10:05
Everyone remembers that grandfather or uncle or neighbor
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹๊ณ , ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
10:09
who used to drink, never said a word,
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10:11
always in a bad mood, beat his wife
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•Œ์ฝœ์ค‘๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์€
10:13
and who would end up either sinking into alcoholism or dying.
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋‚˜ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์›ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
And why do we not talk about this?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™œ ๋ง์„ ์•ˆํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์„ ์•ˆํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:20
We don't talk about it because it's taboo.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•จ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
10:24
It's not like we don't have the words to express the void of death.
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์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
But others don't want hear it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
The first time I returned from an assignment,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„! ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ตฌ๋‚˜!"
10:31
They said, "Oh! He's back."
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10:33
There was a fancy dinner -- white tablecloth, candles, guests.
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์‹ํƒ๋ณด๋„ ๊น”๊ณ , ์ด›๋ถˆ๋„ ํ‚ค๊ณ 
์†๋‹˜๋„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ ๋•Œ
10:36
"Tell us everything!"
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"๋‹ค ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด!"๋ผ๊ธธ๋ž˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Which I did.
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20๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์œ ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
After 20 minutes, people were giving me dirty looks,
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10:42
the hostess had her nose in the ashtray.
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์ง‘์ฃผ์ธ์€ ์žฌ๋–จ์ด์— ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
It was horrible and I realized I ruined the whole evening.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณตํฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋…์„ ๋ง์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
So I don't talk about it anymore.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
We're just not ready to listen.
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10:51
People say outright: "Please, stop."
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๋Œ€๋†“๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
10:52
Is that a rare occurrence?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
No, it's extremely common.
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10:57
One third of the soldiers who died in Iraq --
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์ด๋ผํฌ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด, "์ฃฝ์€"๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
10:59
well, not "died," let me re-phrase that --
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11:02
one third of the US soldiers who went to Iraq
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์ด๋ผํฌ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์˜จ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด PTSD์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
suffer from PTSD.
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11:06
In 1939, there were still 200,000 soldiers from the First World War
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์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์— ์ฐธ์ „ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ ์ค‘ 20๋งŒ๋ช…์ด
1939๋…„์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
that were being treated in British psychiatric hospitals.
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋งŒ4์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
In Vietnam, 54,000 people died --
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11:19
Americans.
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11:20
In 1987, the US government identified 102,000 --
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1987๋…„์— ๋ฏธ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ 2๋ฐฐ์ธ 10๋งŒ2์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์ฐธ์ „์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
11:25
twice as many --
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11:26
102,000 veterans who died from committing suicide.
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์ž์‚ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Twice as many deaths by suicide than by combat in Vietnam.
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์—์„œ ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์— ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜์˜ 2๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
So you see, this relates to everything,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:34
not just modern warfare, but also ancient wars --
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„
11:37
you can read about it, the evidence is there.
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๋ฌธํ—Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
So why do we not talk about it?
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์™œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
11:42
Why have we not talked about it?
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์™œ ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”,
11:45
The problem is that if you don't talk about it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์žฌ์•™์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋‹ซ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
you're heading for disaster.
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์น˜์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€,
11:53
The only way to heal --
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11:56
and the good news here is that this is treatable --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์น˜์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
think Munch's The Scream, Goya, etc. --
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๋ญ‰ํฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ทœ์™€ ๊ณ ์•ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์น˜์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:02
it's indeed treatable.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณตํฌ์— ์งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š”,
12:04
The only way to heal from this trauma,
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12:08
from this encounter with death that overwhelms, petrifies and kills you
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์ฃฝ์Œ๊ณผ์˜ ์กฐ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€,
12:13
is to find a way to express it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
People used to say,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜›๋ง์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:20
"Language is the only thing that holds all of us together."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ด๋‹ค."
12:23
Without language, we're nothing.
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์–ธ์–ด ์—†์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
It's the thing that makes us human.
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
In the face of such a horrible image --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š”
12:30
a wordless image of oblivion that obsesses us --
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๋ฌด์–ธ์˜ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•œ,
๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:36
the only way to cope with it
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
is to put human words to it.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์†Œ์™ธ๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:42
Because these people feel excluded from humanity.
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12:44
No one wants to see them anymore and they don't want to see anyone.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
They feel dirty, defiled, ashamed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋”๋Ÿฝํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์น˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
Someone said, "Doctor, I don't use the subway anymore
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์˜์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ์ €๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ
์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
12:53
because I'm afraid people will see the horror in my eyes."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ์„œ์š”."
12:56
Another guy thought he had a terrible skin disease
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋Š”,
์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ 6๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
12:59
and spent six months with dermatologists, going from doctor to doctor.
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์ด ์˜์‚ฌ ์ € ์˜์‚ฌ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
13:03
And then one day, they sent him to a psychiatrist.
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"์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค."
13:06
During his second session, he told the psychiatrist
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ๋‹ด ๋•Œ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
he had a terrible skin disease from head to toe.
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13:10
The psychiatrist asked, "Why are you in this state?"
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์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?"
13:13
And the man said, "Well, because I'm dead, so I must be rotting away."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ „ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฉ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."
13:17
So you see this is something that has a profound effect on people.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
13:21
In order to heal, we need to talk about it.
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์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ
13:24
The horror needs to be put into words --
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๊ณตํฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
human words, so we can organize it and talk about it again.
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13:32
We have to look death in the face.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฃผ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
And if we can do that, if we can talk about these things,
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13:42
then step by step, by working it out verbally,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
13:45
we can reclaim our place in humanity.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์—์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
And it is important.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋ฌต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
Silence kills us.
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13:53
So what does this mean?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:55
It means that after a trauma,
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ "์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›€"์„ ์žƒ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
without question, we lose our "unbearable lightness of being,"
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14:00
that sense of immortality that keeps us here --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์ฃ .
14:03
meaning, if we're here, we almost feel like we're immortal, which we're not,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์–‘
๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
14:07
but if we didn't believe that, we'd say, "What's the point of it all?"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฐ "๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด์ง€?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
But trauma survivors have lost that feeling of immortality.
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14:13
They've lost their lightness.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›€์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
But they have found something else.
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์ด ๋ง์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
14:17
So this means that if we manage to look death in the face,
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14:21
and actually confront it, rather than keep quiet and hide,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋งž์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
14:26
like some of the men or women I know did,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
14:28
such as Michael from Rwanda, Carole from Iraq, Philippe from the Congo
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฏธ์นด์—˜์ด๋‚˜, ์ด๋ผํฌ์˜ ์บ๋กค, ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•„๋ฆฝ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š”
14:35
and other people I know,
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14:36
like Sorj Chalandon, now a great writer,
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ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ ์ดํ›„ ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
14:39
who gave up field assignments after a trauma.
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์ด์ œ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์†Œ๋ฅด์ฃผ ์ƒฌ๋ž‘๋™๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
Five friends of mine committed suicide,
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ 4,5๋ช…์€ ์ž์‚ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
they're the ones who did not survive the trauma.
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ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
14:46
So if we can look death in the face,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์ •๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด,
14:51
if we, mortal humans, human mortals,
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์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€,
14:54
understand that we are human and mortal, mortal and human,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ  ์œ ํ•œํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด,
14:57
if we can confront death and identify it once again
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์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋งž์„œ์„œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์žฌ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
15:03
as the most mysterious place of all mysterious places,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ ์ค‘์—์„œ
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
15:07
since no one has ever seen it --
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์ฃฝ์Œ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
15:10
if we can give it back this meaning,
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15:12
yes, we may die,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„ ์†Œ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:17
survive
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15:20
and come back to life,
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15:21
but we'll come back stronger than before.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
Much stronger.
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15:25
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:27
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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