A secret weapon against Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases | Nina Fedoroff

50,702 views ใƒป 2017-06-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Geunyoung Chang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Zika fever:
0
12867
1150
์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค
00:15
our newest dread disease.
1
15940
3706
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ตœ์‹  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
What is it? Where'd it come from?
2
19670
2996
์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์ฃ ? ์–ด๋””์„œ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?
00:22
What do we do about it?
3
22690
1230
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:24
Well for most adults, it's a relatively mild disease --
4
24850
3270
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ, ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—์š”.
00:28
a little fever, a little headache, joint pain, maybe a rash.
5
28144
4301
์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ด, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘ํ†ต, ๊ด€์ ˆํ†ต, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ง„๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
00:32
In fact, most people who get it don't even know they've had it.
6
32830
3310
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
But the more we find out about the Zika virus
7
36640
3714
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ์ˆ˜๋ก
00:40
the more terrifying it becomes.
8
40378
1548
๋” ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
00:41
For example, doctors have noticed an uptick
9
41950
3507
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
of something called Guillain-Barrรฉ syndrome in recent outbreaks.
10
45481
3714
๊ธธ๋žญ-๋ฐ”๋ ˆ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:49
In Guillain-Barrรฉ, your immune system attacks your nerve cells
11
49219
3152
๊ธธ๋žญ-๋ฐ”๋ ˆ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
it can partially or even totally paralyze you.
12
52395
3119
๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋งˆ๋น„์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
00:56
Fortunately, that's quite rare, and most people recover.
13
56092
3238
๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
But if you're pregnant when you're infected
14
60040
3873
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž„์‹ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋ฉด
01:05
you're at risk of something terrible.
15
65720
2423
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Indeed, a child with a deformed head.
16
68524
3436
๊ธฐํ˜• ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:12
Here's a normal baby.
17
72500
1484
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
01:15
Here's that infant with what's called microcephaly.
18
75134
3239
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๋‘์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
a brain in a head that's too small.
19
78895
2658
๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์ฃ .
01:22
And there's no known cure.
20
82213
1594
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
It was actually doctors in northeastern Brazil
21
84941
5730
๋ถ๋™๋ถ€์ชฝ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
01:30
who first noticed, just a year ago, after a Zika outbreak,
22
90695
5110
์ง€์นด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ผ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
that there was a peak in the incidence of microcephaly.
23
95829
4127
๊ทธ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์†Œ๋‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ์˜€์ฃ .
01:40
It took medical doctors another year
24
100583
1723
์˜ํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํ›„ 1๋…„๋™์•ˆ
01:42
to be sure that it was caused by the Zika virus,
25
102330
2792
๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
01:45
but they're now sure.
26
105146
1151
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And if you're a "bring on the evidence" type,
27
106321
2682
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด "์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ"๋Š” ํƒ€์ž…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
01:49
check out this publication.
28
109027
1563
์ด ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:51
So where did it come from, and how did it get here?
29
111580
2944
์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?
01:54
And it is here.
30
114548
1309
๋„ค. ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Like many of our viruses, it came out of Africa,
31
115881
2912
๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
specifically the Zika forest in Uganda.
32
119261
3349
๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์˜ ์ง€์นด ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Researchers at the nearby Yellow Fever Research Institute
33
123596
4778
์ธ๊ทผ ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด
02:08
identified an unknown virus in a monkey in the Zika forest
34
128398
4286
์ง€์นด ์ˆฒ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์ฒด๋ถˆ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ 
02:12
which is how it got its name.
35
132708
2000
๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The first human cases of Zika fever
36
135413
2213
์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ฒซ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š”
02:17
surfaced a few years later in Uganda-Tanzania.
37
137650
2975
๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„, ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค- ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
The virus then spread through West Africa
38
141299
2891
๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:25
and east through equatorial Asia -- Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Indonesia.
39
145036
6414
์ ๋„ ์ชฝ ์•„์‹œ์•„-- ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ์ธ๋„, ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋กœ ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
But it was still mostly in monkeys and, of course, mosquitoes.
40
152164
3992
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์›์ˆญ์ด์™€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
In fact in the 60 years between the time it was first identified in 1947 and 2007
41
157692
5798
์‚ฌ์‹ค, 60๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์ธ 1947๋…„๊ณผ 2007๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๊ณ 
02:43
there were only 13 reported cases of human Zika fever.
42
163514
3603
์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ 13 ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฑด์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And then something extraordinary happened on the tiny Micronesian Yap islands.
43
167551
5945
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ๋ฏธํฌ๋กœ๋„ค์ด์‚ฌ ์– ์„ฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ดํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
There was an outbreak that affected fully 75 percent of the population.
44
173520
5285
์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 75%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:59
How did it get there? By air.
45
179686
2769
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํผ์กŒ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ์š”.
03:03
Today we have two billion commercial airline passengers.
46
183400
3736
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 20์–ต ์ƒ์—…ํ•ญ๊ณต ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
An infected passenger can board a plane, fly halfway around the world
47
187160
4243
ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์Šน๊ฐ์ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์„œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:11
before developing symptoms -- if they develop symptoms at all.
48
191427
3531
์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—์š”. ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
03:15
Then when they land, the local mosquitoes begin to bite them and spread the fever.
49
195960
4039
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Zika fever then next surfaced in 2013 in French Polynesia.
50
200937
5849
์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š”, ๋‹ค์Œ 2013๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํด๋ฆฌ๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
By December of that year, it was being transmitted locally by the mosquitoes.
51
207180
5264
๊ทธ ํ•ด ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:32
That led to an explosive outbreak in which almost 30,000 people were affected.
52
212834
5000
๊ฑฐ์˜ 3๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
From there it radiated around the Pacific.
53
218191
2397
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒœํ‰์–‘๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
There were outbreaks in the Cook Islands, in New Caledonia,
54
220612
4523
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ฟก ์ œ๋„, ๋‰ด์นผ๋ ˆ๋„๋‹ˆ์•„
03:45
in Vanuatu, in the Solomon Islands
55
225524
2420
๋ฐ”๋ˆ„์•„ํˆฌ, ์†”๋กœ๋ชฌ ์ œ๋„
03:47
and almost all the way around to the coast of South America and Easter Island.
56
227968
4888
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
And then, in early 2015,
57
232880
3452
๊ทธ ํ›„ 2015๋…„ ์ดˆ์—
03:56
there was an upsurge of cases of a dengue-like syndrome
58
236356
4365
๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด๊ณผ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์ด
04:01
in the city of Natal in northeastern Brazil.
59
241213
3428
๋‚˜ํƒˆ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋ถ๋™์ชฝ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
The virus wasn't dengue, it was Zika, and it spread rapidly --
60
245141
5412
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์นด์˜€์ฃ . ์ง€์นด๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด
04:11
Recife down the coast, a big metropolitan center, soon became the epicenter.
61
251267
5350
๋ ˆ์‹œํŽ˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ๊ณง ์ง„์›์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Well people have speculated that it was 2014 World Cup soccer fans
62
257235
5602
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 2014๋…„ ์›”๋“œ์ปต ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด
04:22
that brought the virus into the country.
63
262861
2049
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
But others have speculated that perhaps it was Pacific Islanders
64
265660
4071
๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์€ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์„ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
04:29
participating in championship canoe races
65
269755
2659
์นด๋ˆ„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ถŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:32
that were held in Rio that year that brought it in.
66
272438
2428
๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Well today, this is only a year later.
67
275650
3619
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1๋…„ ํ›„์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ
04:39
The virus is being locally transmitted by mosquitoes
68
279583
3417
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์—ผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
virtually throughout South America, Central America, Mexico
69
283024
3261
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ, ์ค‘๋ฏธ, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด
04:46
and the Caribbean Islands
70
286309
1421
์นด๋ฅด๋น„ํ•ด ์„ฌ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Until this year, the many thousands of cases
71
288500
3387
์˜ฌ ํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€, ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์€
04:51
that have been diagnosed in the US were contracted elsewhere.
72
291911
3819
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
But as of this summer, it's being transmitted locally in Miami.
73
296896
5158
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
It's here.
74
302078
1241
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So what do we do about it?
75
303343
1285
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:04
Well, preventing infection
76
304990
3373
๊ธ€์Ž„, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋Š”
05:09
is either about protecting people or about eliminating the mosquitoes.
77
309855
3857
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€๋„, ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Let's focus on people first.
78
314080
1571
์šฐ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:16
You can get vaccinated.
79
316510
1681
๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:18
You can not travel to Zika areas.
80
318892
3973
์ง€์นด ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:22
Or you can cover up and apply insect repellent.
81
322889
2928
๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Getting vaccinated is not an option, because there isn't a vaccine yet
82
326658
3405
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์€ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:30
and there probably won't be for a couple of years.
83
330087
2380
๋ช‡ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Staying home isn't a foolproof protection either
84
333673
3943
์˜จ ์ข…์ผ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
because we now know that it can be sexually transmitted.
85
337640
3015
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์„ฑ์  ์ ‘์ด‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:42
Covering up and applying insect repellent does work ...
86
342000
2936
๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
until you forget.
87
345476
1666
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:47
(Laughter)
88
347642
1778
(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:49
So that leaves the mosquitoes, and here's how we control them now:
89
349444
3103
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋ฉด์š”.
05:53
spraying insecticides.
90
353055
1825
์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
05:56
The protective gear is necessary because these are toxic chemicals
91
356134
3866
์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
that kill people as well as bugs.
92
360024
2601
์ด๊ฑด ๊ณค์ถฉ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:02
Although it does take quite a lot more to kill a person than to kill a bug.
93
362649
3767
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
These are pictures from Brazil and Nicaragua.
94
366440
4176
์ด๊ฑด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ˆ์นด๋ผ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
But it looks the same in Miami, Florida.
95
370640
2633
ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
06:13
And we of course can spray insecticides from planes.
96
373590
5293
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Last summer, mosquito control officials in Dorchester County, South Carolina,
97
379280
6214
์ž‘๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋„์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€
06:25
authorized spraying of Naled, an insecticide,
98
385518
3905
๋‚ ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:29
early one morning, as recommended by the manufacturer.
99
389447
2880
์ด๋ฅธ ์•„์นจ์— ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Later that day, a beekeeper told reporters
100
392810
4215
๊ทธ ๋‚  ์˜คํ›„, ํ•œ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:37
that her bee yard looked like it had been nuked.
101
397049
3801
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–‘๋ด‰์žฅ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•ต ํญํƒ„์„ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:41
Oops.
102
401644
1389
์ด๋Ÿฐ.
06:43
Bees are the good guys.
103
403699
1332
๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
The citizens of Florida protested, but spraying continued.
104
405460
7000
ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ดํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Unfortunately, so did the increase in the number of Zika fever cases.
105
413071
4214
์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
That's because insecticides aren't very effective.
106
418020
3503
์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So are there any approaches that are perhaps more effective than spraying
107
422210
6261
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์‚ดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ
07:10
but with less downsides than toxic chemicals?
108
430380
5333
๋…์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:16
I'm a huge fan of biological controls,
109
436150
3491
์ „ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ์ œ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŒฌ์ด๊ณ 
07:19
and I share that view with Rachel Carson, author of "Silent Spring,"
110
439665
4493
์ œ ๊ด€์ ์€ "์นจ๋ฌต์˜ ๋ด„"์˜ ์ €์ž, ๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นด์Šจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
the book that is credited with starting the environmental movement.
111
444182
5014
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
In this book she tells the story, as an example,
112
449220
3556
์ฑ… ์†์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
of how a very nasty insect pest of livestock
113
452800
5658
์ด ๊ณ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ํ•ด์ถฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
07:38
was eliminated in the last century.
114
458482
3040
์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:41
No one knows that extraordinary story today.
115
461970
2452
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
So Jack Block and I, when we were writing an editorial
116
464446
4239
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žญ ๋ธ”๋ฝ๊ณผ ์ „ ์‚ฌ์„ค์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ
07:48
about the mosquito problem today, retold that story.
117
468709
3214
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊บผ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
And in capsule form, it's that pupae -- that's the immature form of the insect --
118
471947
4666
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ๋ฒˆ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:56
were irradiated until they were sterile, grown to adulthood
119
476637
4779
๋ฒˆ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์ž„์ถฉ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:01
and then released from planes all over the Southwest,
120
481440
3610
๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€์— ํ’€์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:05
the Southeast and down into Mexico and into Central America
121
485074
4413
์„œ๋™๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ฏธ๊นŒ์ง€
08:09
literally by the hundreds of millions from little airplanes,
122
489511
3809
์ž‘์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ˆ˜์–ต๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํผ์กŒ๊ณ 
08:13
eventually eliminating that terrible insect pest
123
493629
4524
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ทธ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„
08:18
for most of the Western Hemisphere.
124
498502
2078
์„œ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Our real purpose in writing this editorial
125
501995
2404
์ด ์‚ฌ์„ค์„ ์“ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„์งœ ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š”
08:24
was to introduce readers to how we can do that today --
126
504423
2984
๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
not with radiation but with our knowledge of genetics.
127
507819
4055
๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Let me explain.
128
511898
1150
์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:33
This is the bad guy: Aedes aegypti.
129
513730
2476
์•„์—๋ฐ์Šค ์•„์—๊ธฐํ”„ํ‹ฐ, ์–˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
It's the most common insect vector of diseases,
130
516230
4661
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๊ณค์ถฉ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์ด์ฃ .
08:40
not just Zika but dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile virus
131
520915
3794
์ง€์นด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด, ์น˜๊ตฐ๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์›จ์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค
08:44
and that ancient plague, yellow fever.
132
524733
3634
๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘๊นŒ์ง€ ํผํŠธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
It's an urban mosquito,
133
528790
1865
์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:50
and it's the female that does the dirty work.
134
530679
3906
๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•”์ปท ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
She bites to get a blood meal to feed her offspring.
135
534609
4754
์•”์ปท์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:00
Males don't bite; they don't even have the mouth parts to bite.
136
540070
3857
์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ฌผ ์ž…์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
A little British company called Oxitec genetically modified that mosquito
137
544419
6158
์ž‘์€ ์˜๊ตญํšŒ์‚ฌ ์˜ฅ์‹œํ…์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ „์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:10
so that when it mates with a wild female, its eggs don't develop to adulthood.
138
550601
6345
์•ผ์ƒ ์•”์ปด๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์•Œ์ด ์„ฑ๋…„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Let me show you.
139
556970
1150
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:18
This is the normal reproductive cycle.
140
558477
2524
์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‹ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Oxitec designed the mosquito so that when the male mates with the wild female
141
561715
4246
์˜ฅ์‹œํ…์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์•”์ปท๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
09:26
the eggs don't develop.
142
566897
1206
์•Œ์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:28
Sounds impossible?
143
568600
1420
๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
09:30
Well let me show you just diagrammatically how they do it.
144
570560
3412
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:34
Now this represents the nucleus of a mosquito cell,
145
574360
3452
์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ํ•ต์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
and that tangle in the middle represents its genome,
146
577836
2952
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
the sum total of its genes.
147
580812
2500
๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์€ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ด๊ณ„์ด์ฃ .
09:43
Scientists added a single gene
148
583336
3349
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
that codes for a protein represented by this orange ball
149
586709
4309
์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์œ ์ „ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
09:51
that feeds back on itself to keep cranking out more of that protein.
150
591042
5492
๊ทธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
The extra copies, however, go and gum up the mosquitoes' genes,
151
597060
4753
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณต์ œ๋ณธ์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์— ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™์–ด
10:01
killing the organism.
152
601837
1278
๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
To keep it alive in the laboratory they use a compound called tetracycline.
153
604060
3888
์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผ์‹œํด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Tetracycline shuts off that gene and allows normal development.
154
608456
5364
ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผ์‹œํด๋ฆฐ์€ ๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹œ์ผœ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
They added another little wrinkle so that they could study what happens.
155
613844
4333
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌ˜์•ˆ์„ ๋”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And that is they added a gene that makes the insect glow under UV light
156
618201
6763
ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด, ์ž์™ธ์„  ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋น›๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:25
so that when they released it they could follow exactly how far it went
157
625456
3342
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ’€์–ด์ค„ ๋•Œ, ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€
10:28
how long it lived and all of the kinds of data
158
628822
3754
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์™ธ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„
10:32
for a good scientific study.
159
632600
1492
์ข‹์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Now this is the pupal stage, and at this stage
160
634970
3158
์ž ์ด์ œ ๋ฒˆ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
10:39
the females are larger than the males.
161
639106
2721
์•”์ปท์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท๋ณด๋‹ค ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
That allows them to sort them into the males and the females
162
642420
3868
์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•”์ปท๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
10:46
and they allow only the males to grow to adulthood.
163
646312
4722
์˜ค์ง ์ˆ˜์ปท๋งŒ์ด ์„ฑ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And let me remind you that males don't bite.
164
651058
2318
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
From there it's pretty simple.
165
653400
1596
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
They take beakers full of male mosquitoes,
166
655020
3602
์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋น„์ปค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
10:58
load them into milk cartons, and drive around the city,
167
658646
2580
์šฐ์œ ํ†ต์— ๋„ฃ์–ด, ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
11:01
releasing them guided by GPS.
168
661250
2587
GPS๋กœ ์ธ๋„๋ฐ›์•„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ’€์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
Here's the mayor of a city releasing the first batch
169
664678
2517
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด์ฃผ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:07
of what they call the "friendly Aedes."
170
667219
2987
์ด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ "์ฐฉํ•œ ์ˆฒ๋ชจ๊ธฐ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
Now I wish I could tell you this is an American city, but it's not.
171
670230
3261
์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
It's Piracicaba, Brazil.
172
673515
1944
์—ฌ๊ธด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ผ์‹œ์นด๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
The amazing thing is that in just a year
173
675991
4793
๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 1๋…„๋งŒ์—
11:20
it brought down the cases of dengue by 91 percent.
174
680808
5008
๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ 91% ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
That's better than any insecticide spraying can do.
175
686310
3040
์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋Š ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ฃ .
11:30
So why aren't we using this remarkable biological control in the US?
176
690240
5506
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์™œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
11:35
That's because it's a GMO: a genetically modified organism.
177
695770
6926
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด GMO, ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
Notice the subtitle here says if the FDA would let them
178
702720
4634
์ด ๋ถ€์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ FDA๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:47
they could do the same thing here, when Zika arrives.
179
707664
2702
์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์กฐ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And of course it has arrived.
180
710390
1738
๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ๋„ ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
So now I have to tell you the short form
181
712428
3708
์ด์ œ, ์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์งง๊ฒŒ
11:56
of the long, torturous story of GM regulation in the US
182
716160
5769
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
In the US, there are three agencies that regulate genetically modified organisms:
183
722747
6579
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—” ์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
the FDA, the Food and Drug Administration,
184
729985
2491
FDA, ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ
12:12
the EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency,
185
732500
2222
EPA, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตญ
12:14
and the USDA, US Department of Agriculture.
186
734746
2873
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  USDA, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋†๋ฌด์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
12:18
Took these folks two years to decide that it would be the FDA
187
738340
4793
์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ, ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
12:23
that would regulate the genetically modified mosquito.
188
743157
2903
๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋งŒ 2๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
And they would do it as a new animal drug, if that makes any sense.
189
746084
6484
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ ๋™๋ฌผ ์•ฝํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ ์ง€์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
12:33
Took them another five years going back and forth and back and forth
190
753130
3531
๊ทธ ํ›„ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™”๋‹ค ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:36
to convince the FDA that this would not harm people,
191
756685
5387
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ FDAํ•œํ…Œ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
and it would not harm the environment.
192
762096
2980
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
12:45
They finally gave them, this summer, permission to run a little test
193
765100
5327
์˜ฌํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์—ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
in the Florida Keys,
194
770451
1539
ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹คํ‚ค์Šค ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:52
where they had been invited years earlier when they Keys had an outbreak of dengue.
195
772014
6484
๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ณณ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Would that it were that easy.
196
779604
2031
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”.
13:02
When the local residents heard
197
782170
2206
์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
13:04
that there would be genetically modified mosquitoes tested in their community
198
784400
4095
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
13:08
some of them began to organize protests.
199
788519
2825
๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:11
They even organized a petition on the internet with this cuddly logo,
200
791368
5039
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ผญ ๊ปด์•ˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋กœ๊ณ ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ํƒ„์›์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ƒˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:16
which eventually accumulated some 160,000 signatures
201
796963
6237
16๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
And they demanded a referendum
202
803224
1682
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:24
which will be conducted in just a couple of weeks
203
804930
2872
์ด๊ฑด ๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
about whether the trials would be permitted at all.
204
807826
3103
์žฌํŒ์ด ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ ์ง€ ์•ˆ ๋ ์ง€ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:32
Well it's Miami that really needs these better ways of controlling insects.
205
812135
6397
๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
And there the attitudes are changing.
206
818556
2141
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
In fact, very recently a bipartisan group of more than 60 legislators
207
820721
6015
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ตœ๊ทผ์— 60๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–‘๋‹น ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค์€
13:46
wrote to HHS Secretary Sylvia Burwell
208
826760
3182
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€ ๋น„์„œ ์‹ค๋น„์•„ ๋ฒ„์›ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
asking that she, at the Federal level, expedite access for Florida
209
829966
5344
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
13:55
to this new technology.
210
835334
2084
์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
So the bottom line is this:
211
838020
1587
์š”์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
13:59
biological control of harmful insects
212
839631
3650
ํ•ด์ถฉ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ์ œ๋Š”
14:03
can be both more effective and very much more environmentally friendly
213
843583
4912
๋”์šฑ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
than using insecticides, which are toxic chemicals.
214
848519
4793
๋…์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:13
That was true in Rachel Carson's time; it's true today.
215
853336
3440
๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นด์Šจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
What's different is that we have enormously more information
216
856800
5714
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
about genetics than we had then,
217
862538
1897
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ์š”.
14:24
and therefore more ability to use that information
218
864459
4134
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
to affect these biological controls.
219
868999
2380
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ์ œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
14:32
And I hope that what I've done is aroused your curiosity enough
220
872260
4928
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์ž๊ทน์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
to start your own inquiry -- not into just GM mosquitoes
221
877212
5284
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก์š”. ์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:42
but to the other genetically modified organisms that are so controversial today.
222
882520
6404
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
14:49
I think if you do that, and you dig down through all of the misinformation,
223
889567
4697
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜์„ธ์š”.
14:54
and the marketing
224
894288
1310
๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„์š”.
14:55
on the part of the organic food industry and the Greenpeaces
225
895622
3388
์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์‹ํ’ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐํ”ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ด‘๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:59
and find the science, the accurate science,
226
899034
3150
๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„ธ์š”. ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์„์š”.
15:02
you'll be surprised and pleased.
227
902208
2310
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
Thank you.
228
904940
1150
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
(Applause)
229
906114
2000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7