Laurie Garrett: What can we learn from the 1918 flu?

199,512 views ใƒป 2009-04-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Semi Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jireh Kang
00:12
So the first question is, why do we need to
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:14
even worry about a pandemic threat?
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๋Œ€ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ ค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:17
What is it that we're concerned about?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:19
When I say "we," I'm at the Council on Foreign Relations.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•œ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต๋ฌธ์ œํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
We're concerned in the national security community,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:24
and of course in the biology community and the public health community.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ๊ณต์ค‘์œ„์ƒํ•™๊ณ„์—๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
While globalization has increased travel,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:29
it's made it necessary that everybody be everywhere,
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š๊ณณ์—๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
00:32
all the time, all over the world.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์ฒ˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
And that means that your microbial hitchhikers are moving with you.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์†์— ํŽธ์Šนํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
So a plague outbreak in Surat, India
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์ธ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ž์—์„œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
00:39
becomes not an obscure event, but a globalized event --
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ 
00:42
a globalized concern that has changed the risk equation.
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์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Katrina showed us
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
00:47
that we cannot completely depend on government
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์—๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ• ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
to have readiness in hand, to be capable of handling things.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‹œ ์ค€๋น„ํƒœ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ƒํ™ฉ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜๋งŒ์€ ์—†์ฃ .
00:52
Indeed, an outbreak would be multiple Katrinas at once.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ชฐ์•„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Our big concern at the moment is a virus called H5N1 flu --
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” H5N1 ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
some of you call it bird flu --
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์ผ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
which first emerged in southern China, in the mid-1990s,
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์ด๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์ค‘๊ตญ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
but we didn't know about it until 1997.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1997๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
At the end of last Christmas only 13 countries had seen H5N1.
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์ž‘๋…„ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒํ•ด๋„ H5N1 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” 13๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
But we're now up to 55 countries in the world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 55๊ฐœ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
01:13
have had this virus emerge,
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
01:15
in either birds, or people or both.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํ˜น์€ ์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
In the bird outbreaks we now can see
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:20
that pretty much the whole world has seen this virus
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
01:23
except the Americas.
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์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋Œ€๋ฅ™์€ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And I'll get into why we've so far been spared in a moment.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ์งš์–ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
In domestic birds, especially chickens,
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์‚ฌ์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ญ์€
01:31
it's 100 percent lethal.
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100 ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
It's one of the most lethal things we've seen
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
in circulation in the world
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ 
01:37
in any recent centuries.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And we've dealt with it by killing off lots and lots and lots of chickens,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ญ์„ ์‚ด์ฒ˜๋ถ„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
and unfortunately often not reimbursing the peasant farmers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์†Œ๋†๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ํ—ˆ๋‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
with the result that there's cover-up.
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์‚ด์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ์€ํํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
It's also carried on migration patterns
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๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์€
01:49
of wild migratory aquatic birds.
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์•ผ์ƒ ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์ƒˆ์˜ ์ด๋™ ํŒจํ„ด์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
There has been this centralized event
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด
01:54
in a place called Lake Chenghai, China.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒญํ•ดํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Two years ago the migrating birds
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2๋…„ ์ „ ์ด๊ณณ ์ฒ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€
01:58
had a multiple event
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
where thousands died because of a mutation occurring
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ
02:02
in the virus,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ํ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
which made the species range broaden dramatically.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
So that birds going to Siberia, to Europe, and to Africa
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊นŒ์ง€๋„
02:10
carried the virus, which had not previously been possible.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
We're now seeing outbreaks in human populations --
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
so far, fortunately, small events,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
02:20
tiny outbreaks, occasional clusters.
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๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋„ ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
The virus has mutated dramatically in the last two years
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜
02:26
to form two distinct families, if you will,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
of the H5N1 viral tree
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, H5N1์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:31
with branches in them,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ป—์–ด์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:33
and with different attributes that are worrying.
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์šฐ๋ คํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์†์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
So what's concerning us? Well, first of all,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์šฐ์„ ์€,
02:37
at no time in history have we succeeded in making
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์˜์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
02:40
in a timely fashion, a specific vaccine
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„
02:42
for more than 260 million people.
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2์–ต 6์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์— ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
It's not going to do us very much good in a global pandemic.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
You've heard about the vaccine we're stockpiling.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด ๋‘” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹คํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ
02:51
But nobody believes it will actually be particularly effective
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
if we have a real outbreak.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:55
So one thought is:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
02:57
after 9/11, when the airports closed,
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9/11์‚ฌํƒœ ๋•Œ ๊ณตํ•ญ์ด ํ์‡„๋œ ํ›„
02:59
our flu season was delayed by two weeks.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…๊ฐ ์œ ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ฆŒ๋„ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
So the thought is, hey, maybe what we should do is just
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์จ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
03:03
immediately -- we hear there is H5N1 spreading from human to human,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์—ผ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ H5N1 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ„์—
03:07
the virus has mutated to be a human-to-human transmitter --
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ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ž ๋งˆ์ž
03:09
let's shut down the airports.
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๊ณตํ•ญ์„ ํ์‡„ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
However, huge supercomputer analyses,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
03:15
done of the likely effectiveness of this,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:17
show that it won't buy us much time at all.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
And of course it will be hugely disruptive in preparation plans.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ณตํ•ญ ํ์‡„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ค€๋น„ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
For example, all masks are made in China.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:26
How do you get them mobilized around the world
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณตํ•ญ์ด ํ์‡„๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:28
if you've shut all the airports down?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:30
How do you get the vaccines moved around the world
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ˆ˜์†กํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:32
and the drugs moved, and whatever may or not be available that would work.
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋“  ์—†๋“ ๊ฐ„์— ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜์†ก๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
So it turns out that shutting down the airports is counterproductive.
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๊ณตํ•ญ ํ์‡„๋Š” ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
We're worried because this virus, unlike any other flu
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด H5N1 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
03:42
we've ever studied, can be transmitted by eating raw meat
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ,
03:46
of the infected animals.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์—ผ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
We've seen transmission to wild cats and domestic cats,
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์•ผ์ƒ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ์• ์™„ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ,
03:51
and now also domestic pet dogs.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์—๋„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „์—ผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And in experimental feedings to rodents and ferrets,
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์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฐ๋‹ด๋น„์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ค€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
03:57
we found that the animals exhibit symptoms never seen with flu:
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๋…๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋˜ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
seizures, central nervous system disorders, partial paralysis.
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๋ฐœ์ž‘, ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์žฅ์• , ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋งˆ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฆ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
This is not your normal garden-variety flu.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
It mimics what we now understand
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”,
04:09
about reconstructing the 1918 flu virus,
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1918๋…„ ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
the last great pandemic,
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1918๋…„์€ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
in that it also jumped directly from birds to people.
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋„ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
We had evolution over time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
04:17
and this unbelievable mortality rate in human beings:
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐํž˜๋“ค ์ •๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
55 percent of people who have become infected
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H5N1 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘
04:23
with H5N1 have, in fact, succumbed.
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55ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And we don't have a huge number of people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ›„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
04:29
who got infected and never developed disease.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
In experimental feeding in monkeys
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์›์ˆญ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ,
04:34
you can see that it actually downregulates
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ
04:36
a specific immune system modulator.
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ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
The result is that what kills you
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:40
is not the virus directly, but your own immune system overreacting, saying,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณผ์ž‰๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
"Whatever this is so foreign I'm going berserk."
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"๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ด์งˆ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŽ„์ฉ ๋‚ ๋›ธ๊ฑฐ์•ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:46
The result: most of the deaths
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋“ค์€
04:48
have been in people under 30 years of age,
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30์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ณ 
04:50
robustly healthy young adults.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ธฐ์™•์„ฑํ•œ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
We have seen human-to-human transmission
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์—ผ์ด
04:55
in at least three clusters --
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์„ธ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
fortunately involving very intimate contact,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ
05:00
still not putting the world at large at any kind of risk.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์–ด๋–ค ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Alright, so I've got you nervous.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ € ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์ง€์…จ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Now you probably assume, well the governments are going to do something.
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์ด์ œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:08
And we have spent a lot of money.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ˆ์„ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Most of the spending in the Bush administration
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ€์‹œ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋•Œ์˜ ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:12
has actually been more related to the anthrax results
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํƒ„์ €๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์—
05:16
and bio-terrorism threat.
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๋” ์“ฐ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
But a lot of money has been thrown out at the local level and at the federal level
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ˆ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ฐจ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
to look at infectious diseases.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:23
End result: only 15 states
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, 15๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋งŒ
05:25
have been certified to be able to do mass distribution
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„
05:27
of vaccine and drugs in a pandemic.
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Half the states would run out of hospital beds
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ฒซ์งธ์ฃผ ํ˜น์€ ๋‘˜์งธ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
05:32
in the first week, maybe two weeks.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์นจ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And 40 states already have an acute nursing shortage.
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40๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
05:37
Add on pandemic threat, you're in big trouble.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
So what have people been doing with this money?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์™”์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:41
Exercises, drills, all over the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ƒ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Let's pretend there's a pandemic.
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๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Let's everybody run around and play your role.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งก์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Main result is that there is tremendous confusion.
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์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ์˜ฌ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Most of these people don't actually know what their job will be.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And the bottom line, major thing that has come through
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋งค ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:55
in every single drill: nobody knows who's in charge.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Nobody knows the chain of command.
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๋ช…๋ น ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
If it were Los Angeles, is it the mayor, the governor,
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹œ์žฅ, ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ,
06:03
the President of the United States, the head of Homeland Security?
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น, ๊ตญํ† ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ถ€ ๊ตญ์žฅ์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
06:06
In fact, the federal government says it's a guy called
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ด€์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
06:08
the Principle Federal Officer,
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์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
who happens to be with TSA.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ TSA(๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ฒญ)๋ฅผ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:13
The government says
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์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š”
06:14
the federal responsibility will basically be
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์€
06:17
about trying to keep the virus out, which we all know is impossible,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
and then to mitigate the impact
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
06:22
primarily on our economy.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์งˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
The rest is up to your local community.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์†ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋ชซ์ด์ฃ .
06:27
Everything is about your town, where you live.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Well how good a city council you have,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€๊ฐ€์š”?
06:32
how good a mayor you have -- that's who's going to be in charge.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์งˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:36
Most local facilities would all be competing
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:38
to try and get their hands on their piece
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด๋‘”
06:40
of the federal stockpile of a drug called Tamiflu,
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ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ ์†์— ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
which may or may not be helpful -- I'll get into that --
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์ด ์•ฝ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋ ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ์ด ์•ฝ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
of available vaccines, and any other treatments,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์™€
06:48
and masks, and anything that's been stockpiled.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ๋“ฑ ๋น„์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And you'll have massive competition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Now we did purchase a vaccine, you've probably all heard about it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ 
06:56
made by Sanofi-Aventis.
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์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋…ธํ”ผ-์•„๋ฒคํ‹ฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Unfortunately it's made against the current form of H5N1.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ด ์•ฝ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ H5N1์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
We know the virus will mutate. It will be a different virus.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ณ€์ด๋˜์–ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
The vaccine will probably be useless.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
So here's where the decisions come in.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
You're the mayor of your local town.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ตฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:11
Let's see, should we order that all pets be kept indoors?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ‚ค์›Œ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:14
Germany did that when H5N1 appeared in Germany last year,
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด H5N1์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:17
in order to minimize the spread
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:19
between households by household cats, dogs and so on.
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์ง‘์ง‘๋งˆ๋‹ค ์• ์™„์šฉ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
What do we do when we don't have any containment rooms
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ด‰์‡„๋œ ๋ณ‘์‹ค์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ
07:27
with reverse air that will allow the healthcare workers
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์˜ ์ถœ์ž…์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:29
to take care of patients?
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:31
These are in Hong Kong; we have nothing like that here.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™์ฝฉ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
What about quarantine?
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๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:35
During the SARS epidemic in Beijing quarantine did seem to help.
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์Šค ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
We have no uniform policies
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์กฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
07:40
regarding quarantine across the United States.
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์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
And some states have differential policies, county by county.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ(county)๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
But what about the no-brainer things? Should we close all the schools?
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์‰ฌ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™๊ต์— ํœด๊ต์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:49
Well then what about all the workers? They won't go to work
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์ง์›์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:51
if their kids aren't in school.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ต์ง์›๋“ค๋„ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:53
Encouraging telecommuting? What works?
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์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋ คํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„์š”?
07:55
Well the British government did a model of telecommuting.
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์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Six weeks they had all people in the banking industry
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์˜๊ตญ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 6์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์€ํ–‰์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:01
pretend a pandemic was underway.
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๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
What they found was, the core functions --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
you know you still sort of had banks,
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:07
but you couldn't get people to put money in the ATM machines.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‹œ์ผœ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ž๋™ ์ถœ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Nobody was processing the credit cards.
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์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Your insurance payments didn't go through.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ธ ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋‚ฉ์ž…๊ธˆ๋„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And basically the economy would be in a disaster state of affairs.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋‚œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And that's just office workers, bankers.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ์ง์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์€ํ–‰ ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ๋ฟ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
We don't know how important hand washing is for flu --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ์†์”ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
shocking. One assumes it's a good idea to wash your hands a lot.
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๋†€๋ž์ฃ . ์†์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์”ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„์š”.
08:27
But actually in scientific community there is great debate
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
about what percentage of flu transmission between people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ„ ๋…๊ฐ ์ „์—ผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ช‡ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
08:32
is from sneezing and coughing
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์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
and what percentage is on your hands.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ „์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”.
08:36
The Institute of Medicine tried to look at the masking question.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Can we figure out a way, since we know we won't have enough masks
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:42
because we don't make them in America anymore,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
they're all made in China --
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
do we need N95? A state-of-the-art, top-of-the-line,
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์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด์ž ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด ์ข‹์€
08:49
must-be-fitted-to-your-face mask?
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N95 ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ(๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํšจ์œจ 95% ์ด์ƒ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:52
Or can we get away with some different kinds of masks?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:55
In the SARS epidemic, we learned in Hong Kong
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ํ™์ฝฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
08:57
that most of transmission was because
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ „์—ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:59
people were removing their masks improperly.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
And their hand got contaminated with the outside of the mask,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ž‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ ์†์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์œผ๋กœ
09:03
and then they rubbed their nose. Bingo! They got SARS.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์Šค์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
It wasn't flying microbes.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
09:09
If you go online right now, you'll get so much phony-baloney information.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
You'll end up buying -- this is called an N95 mask. Ridiculous.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ N95๋ผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด์ฃ .
09:17
We don't actually have a standard
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธด๊ธ‰๊ตฌ์กฐ์š”์›๋“ค์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:19
for what should be the protective gear for the first responders,
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๊ธฐ์ค€๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
the people who will actually be there on the front lines.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ตœ์ „๋ฐฉ์— ์„œ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:25
And Tamiflu. You've probably heard of this drug,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
made by Hoffmann-La Roche, patented drug.
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ํ˜ธํ”„๋งŒ-๋ผ๋กœ์Šˆ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
There is some indication
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์ด ์•ฝ์—๋Š” ์ง€์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
that it may buy you some time in the midst of an outbreak.
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์ „์—ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Should you take Tamiflu for a long period of time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋žœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:37
well, one of the side effects is suicidal ideations.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์•ฝ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ด์ถฉ๋™์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
A public health survey analyzed the effect
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ํ•œ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์•ฝ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
09:44
that large-scale Tamiflu use would have,
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ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:46
actually shows it counteractive
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๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…์— ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
to public health measures, making matters worse.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And here is the other interesting thing:
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€,
09:53
when a human being ingests Tamiflu, only 20 percent
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
09:55
is metabolized appropriately
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋งŒ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:57
to be an active compound in the human being.
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์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
The rest turns into a stable compound,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:03
which survives filtration into the water systems,
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์ด๋Š” ์ •์ˆ˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
thereby exposing the very aquatic birds that would carry flu
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋…๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
10:09
and providing them a chance
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ƒ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด
10:11
to breed resistant strains.
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๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ข…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
And we now have seen Tamiflu-resistant strains
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์— ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ข…์ด
10:16
in both Vietnam in person-to-person transmission,
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:19
and in Egypt in person-to-person transmission.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
So I personally think that our life expectancy
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—
10:24
for Tamiflu as an effective drug
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ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
10:27
is very limited -- very limited indeed.
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๋งค์šฐ ํ•œ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋„ ์ •๋ง ํ•œ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
Nevertheless most of the governments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š”
10:31
have based their whole flu policies
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๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์ฑ…์„
10:33
on building stockpiles of Tamiflu.
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ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Russia has actually stockpiled enough
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:37
for 95 percent of all Russians.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ 95ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
We've stockpiled enough for 30 percent.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ „์ฒด๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ 30ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
When I say enough, that's two weeks worth.
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ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ 2์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
And then you're on your own because
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:45
the pandemic is going to last for 18 to 24 months.
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์ด ๋…๊ฐ์ด 18๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ 24๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Some of the poorer countries
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š”
10:49
that have had the most experience with H5N1 have built up stockpiles;
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H5N1์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:52
they're already expired. They are already out of date.
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๊ทธ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ํ†ต๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:55
What do we know from 1918,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ
10:57
the last great pandemic?
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1918๋…„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:59
The federal government abdicated most responsibility.
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And so we ended up with this wild patchwork of regulations
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
11:05
all over America.
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์ œ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Every city, county, state did their own thing.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ, ๊ตฌ(county), ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
And the rules
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ
11:11
and the belief systems were wildly disparate.
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์‹ ๋… ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
In some cases all schools, all churches,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ตํšŒ
11:17
all public venues were closed.
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๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ์‡„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
The pandemic circulated three times in 18 months
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๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์€ 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
in the absence of commercial air travel.
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์šดํ•ญ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
The second wave was the mutated, super-killer wave.
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2์ฐจ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
And in the first wave we had enough healthcare workers.
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1์ฐจ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋•Œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
But by the time the second wave hit
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2์ฐจ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š”
11:32
it took such a toll among the healthcare workers
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—์˜ํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
that we lost most of our doctors and nurses that were on the front lines.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ตœ์ „๋ฐฉ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Overall we lost 700,000 people.
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์ด 70๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
The virus was 100 percent lethal to pregnant women
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์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋ฉด 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
and we don't actually know why.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Most of the death toll was 15 to 40 year-olds --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” 15์„ธ์—์„œ 40์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
robustly healthy young adults.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค ๋‚˜์ด๋Œ€์ฃ .
11:51
It was likened to the plague.
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์ด๋Š” ํ‘์‚ฌ๋ณ‘์— ๋น„์œ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
We don't actually know how many people died.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
The low-ball estimate is 35 million.
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์ตœ์ € ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋กœ ๋ด๋„ 3์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
This was based on European and North American data.
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์ด๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
A new study by Chris Murray at Harvard
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋จธ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:03
shows that if you look at the databases that were kept
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
by the Brits in India,
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:07
there was a 31-fold greater death rate among the Indians.
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์ธ๋„์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด 31๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
So there is a strong belief that in places of poverty
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š”
12:14
the death toll was far higher.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And that a more likely toll
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€
12:18
is somewhere in the neighborhood of 80 to 100 million people
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8์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์—์„œ 1์–ต๋ช…์ •๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
before we had commercial air travel.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
So are we ready?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:25
As a nation, no we're not.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
And I think even those in the leadership
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
12:29
would say that is the case,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ
12:31
that we still have a long ways to go.
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์•„์ง ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ€์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
So what does that mean for you? Well the first thing is,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š”,
12:35
I wouldn't start building up personal stockpiles of anything --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋…๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:38
for yourself, your family, or your employees --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํ˜น์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:42
unless you've really done your homework.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ์†Œ์šฉ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
What mask works, what mask doesn't work.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:47
How many masks do you need?
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:49
The Institute of Medicine study felt that
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:51
you could not recycle masks.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Well if you think it's going to last 18 months,
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๋…๊ฐ์ด 18๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ซ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:56
are you going to buy 18 months worth of masks
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์ด 18๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์“ธ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ
12:58
for every single person in your family?
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:01
We don't know -- again with Tamiflu,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ž˜์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
13:05
the number one side effect of Tamiflu is
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ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€
13:07
flu-like symptoms.
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๋…๊ฐ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
So then how can you tell
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
13:11
who in your family has the flu
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
13:13
if everybody is taking Tamiflu?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:16
If you expand that out to think of a whole community,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚˜
13:19
or all your employees in your company,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „ ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
13:22
you begin to realize how limited
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํƒ€๋ฏธํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:24
the Tamiflu option might be.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
Everybody has come up to me and said,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
well I'll stockpile water or, I'll stockpile food, or what have you.
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๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์‹ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด ๋‘ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
13:32
But really? Do you really have a place
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง๋กœ์š”? ์ •๋ง๋กœ 18๊ฐœ์›”์น˜์˜
13:35
to stockpile 18 months worth of food? Twenty-four months worth of food?
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ €์žฅํ•ด๋‘˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? 24๊ฐœ์›”์น˜์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„์š”?
13:38
Do you want to view the pandemic threat
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„
13:40
the way back in the 1950s
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๋งˆ์น˜ 1950๋…„๋Œ€์—
13:42
people viewed the civil defense issue,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏผ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
13:44
and build your own little bomb shelter for pandemic flu?
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๋…๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ณตํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:47
I don't think that's rational.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
I think it's about having to be prepared
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
13:51
as communities, not as individuals --
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
being prepared as nation,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:55
being prepared as state, being prepared as town.
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์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋งˆ์„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
And right now most of the preparedness
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค€๋น„์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์€
14:00
is deeply flawed.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
And I hope I've convinced you of that,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:04
which means that the real job is go out and
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์ฆ‰ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€
14:06
say to your local leaders,
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
14:08
and your national leaders,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ
14:10
"Why haven't you solved these problems?
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"์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ?"
14:12
Why are you still thinking that
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"์™œ ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด
14:14
the lessons of Katrina do not apply to flu?"
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๋…๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
And put the pressure where the pressure needs to be put.
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์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ณณ์— ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
But I guess the other thing to add is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์€
14:23
if you do have employees, and you do have a company,
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์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:25
I think you have certain responsibilities
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๊ผญ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
14:28
to demonstrate that you are thinking ahead for them,
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๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„
14:30
and you are trying to plan.
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์ž…์ฆํ•ด์ค„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
At a minimum the British banking plan showed that
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
14:36
telecommuting can be helpful.
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์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
It probably does reduce exposure
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
because people are not coming into the office and coughing on each other,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
14:43
or touching common objects
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ์†์„ ๋Œ€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:46
and sharing things via their hands.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
But can you sustain your company that way?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
14:52
Well if you have a dot-com, maybe you can.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
14:55
Otherwise you're in trouble.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
Happy to take your questions.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
15:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:04
Audience member: What factors determine the duration of a pandemic?
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์ฒญ์ค‘:์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:09
Laurie Garret: What factors determine the duration of a pandemic, we don't really know.
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LG:์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
I could give you a bunch of flip, this, that, and the other.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์ €๊ฒƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋„˜๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜,
15:16
But I would say that honestly we don't know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
Clearly the bottom line is
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:21
the virus eventually attenuates,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
15:24
and ceases to be a lethal virus to humanity,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด
15:29
and finds other hosts.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
But we don't really know how and why that happens.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์›์ธ์€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
It's a very complicated ecology.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํƒœํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ฃ .
15:36
Audience member: What kind of triggers are you looking for?
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์ฒญ์ค‘:๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:39
You know way more than any of us.
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๋กœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€๋ ›์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ž–์•„์š”.
15:41
To say ahh, if this happens then we are going to have a pandemic?
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค ๋ผ๋“ ์ง€์š”.
15:45
LG: The moment that you see any evidence
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LG:์–ด๋–ค ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋„
15:47
of serious human-to-human to transmission.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ „์—ผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
Not just intimately between family members
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์†์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
15:52
who took care of an ailing sister or brother,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„ํ”ˆ ํ˜•์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„
15:56
but a community infected --
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
spread within a school,
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ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „์—ผ๋œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
16:00
spread within a dormitory, something of that nature.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „์—ผ๋œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
16:03
Then I think that there is universal agreement
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
now, at WHO all the way down:
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ•ด์˜จ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
16:08
Send out the alert.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
Audience member: Some research has indicated that statins can be helpful.
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์ฒญ์ค‘:์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋˜๋ฐ์š”.
16:16
Can you talk about that?
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ข€ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:18
LG: Yeah. There is some evidence that taking Lipitor
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LG:์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌํ”ผํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:20
and other common statins for cholesterol control
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:23
may decrease your vulnerability
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์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š”
16:27
to influenza.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
16:29
But we do not completely understand why.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
The mechanism isn't clear.
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๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
And I don't know that there is any way
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
16:39
responsibly for someone to start
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
16:42
medicating their children
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
16:44
with their personal supply of Lipitor or something of that nature.
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๋ฆฌํ”ผํ† ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
We have absolutely no idea what that would do.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
You might be causing some very dangerous outcomes
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
in your children, doing such a thing.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์š”.
16:56
Audience member: How far along are we in being able to determine
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์ฒญ์ค‘:ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€
16:58
whether someone is actually carrying, whether somebody has this
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณด๊ท ์ž์ธ์ง€,
17:00
before the symptoms are full-blown?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:02
LG: Right. So I have for a long time said
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LG:์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ์˜ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:05
that what we really needed was a rapid diagnostic.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
And our Centers for Disease Control
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์ œ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
17:11
has labeled a test they developed
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
a rapid diagnostic.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
17:16
It takes 24 hours in a very highly developed laboratory,
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๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‚ด์—
17:20
in highly skilled hands.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
I'm thinking dipstick.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
17:24
You could do it to your own kid. It changes color.
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์ž๋…€๋“ค ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
It tells you if you have H5N1.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด H5N1์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:28
In terms of where we are in science
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”๋Š”์ง€
17:32
with DNA identification capacities and so on,
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DNA ์‹๋ณ„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์€
17:36
it's not that far off.
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๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
17:38
But we're not there. And there hasn't been the kind of investment to get us there.
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์•„์ง ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
17:43
Audience member: In the 1918 flu I understand that
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์ฒญ์ค‘:1918๋…„๋„ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”
17:46
they theorized that there was some attenuation
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
17:50
of the virus when it made the leap into humans.
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์œ„๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ์„ธ์šด๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ
17:52
Is that likely, do you think, here?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด H5N1์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:54
I mean 100 percent death rate
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์ œ ๋ง์€ 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€
17:58
is pretty severe.
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๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
18:00
LG: Um yeah. So we don't actually know
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LG:์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1918๋…„๋„์— ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋‹น์‹œ
18:04
what the lethality was
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
18:07
of the 1918 strain to wild birds
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์•ผ์ƒ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
18:11
before it jumped from birds to humans.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
It's curious that there is no evidence
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
18:15
of mass die-offs of chickens
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๋‹ญ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
18:17
or household birds across America
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์• ์™„์šฉ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ
18:20
before the human pandemic happened.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
18:22
That may be because those events
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด
18:24
were occurring on the other side of the world
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
where nobody was paying attention.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
But the virus clearly
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š”
18:32
went through one round around the world
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์ง€๊ตฌ ํ•œ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
in a mild enough form
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์ด ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
18:36
that the British army in World War I
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์ œ1์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „๋•Œ ์˜๊ตญ๊ตฐ๋“ค์€
18:39
actually certified that it was not a threat
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
18:42
and would not affect the outcome of the war.
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1์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
18:45
And after circulating around the world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ•œ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ ํ›„
18:47
came back in a form that was tremendously lethal.
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์•„์ฃผ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
What percentage of infected people were killed by it?
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๊ฐ์—ผ์ž ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
18:55
Again we don't really know for sure.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
It's clear that if you were malnourished to begin with,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์˜์–‘์‹ค์กฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:00
you had a weakened immune system,
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๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
19:02
you lived in poverty in India or Africa,
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์ธ๋„๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:05
your likelihood of dying was far greater.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
19:08
But we don't really know.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
Audience member: One of the things I've heard is that
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์ฒญ์ค‘:์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—
19:13
the real death cause when you get a flu is the associated pneumonia,
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์ง„์งœ ์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ์ด ๋…๊ฐ์ด ํ๋ ด๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋˜๋ฐ์š”
19:16
and that a pneumonia vaccine
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ๋ ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด
19:18
may offer you 50 percent better chance of survival.
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์ƒ์กด๋ฅ ์„ 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
LG: For a long time, researchers in emerging diseases
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LG:์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ, ์‹ ์ข…์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
19:26
were kind of dismissive of the pandemic flu threat
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๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
on the grounds that
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
19:30
back in 1918 they didn't have antibiotics.
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1918๋…„๋„์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
And that most people who die of regular flu --
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
19:35
which in regular flu years
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์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
19:37
is about 360,000 people worldwide,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 36๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
most of them senior citizens --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
and they die not of the flu but because the flu gives an assault to their immune system.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ์ด ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
And along comes pneumococcus
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์ด์–ด์„œ ํ๋ ด๊ตฌ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
19:48
or another bacteria, streptococcus
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ ์—ฐ์‡„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๊ณ ,
19:50
and boom, they get a bacterial pneumonia.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์„ฑ ํ๋ ด์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
But it turns out that in 1918 that was not the case at all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1918๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋…๊ฐ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
And so far in the H5N1 cases in people,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ H5N1 ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
19:58
similarly bacterial infection
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์€
20:00
has not been an issue at all.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:02
It's this absolutely phenomenal disruption of the immune system
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:07
that is the key to why people die of this virus.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
And I would just add
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
20:12
we saw the same thing with SARS.
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์‚ฌ์Šค์—์„œ๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
So what's going on here is your body says,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
20:17
your immune system sends out all its sentinels and says,
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๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณด์ดˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด
20:21
"I don't know what the heck this is.
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"์ด ์นจ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”"
20:23
We've never seen anything even remotely like this before."
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"์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
It won't do any good to bring in the sharpshooters
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™€๋„ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
20:29
because those antibodies aren't here.
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๋ชธ์†์— ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:31
And it won't do any good to bring in the tanks and the artillery
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ํƒฑํฌ๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ณ‘๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
because those T-cells don't recognize it either.
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T์„ธํฌ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:37
So we're going to have to go all-out thermonuclear response,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์›์žํ•ต ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
stimulate the total cytokine cascade.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ† ์นด์ธ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ
20:43
The whole immune system swarms into the lungs.
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
20:46
And yes they die, drowning in their own fluids, of pneumonia.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ํ๋ ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์— ๋น ์ ธ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:49
But it's not bacterial pneumonia.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์„ฑ ํ๋ ด์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
20:51
And it's not a pneumonia that would respond to a vaccine.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ๋ ด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:55
And I think my time is up. I thank you all for your attention.
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์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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