David Mackay: A reality check on renewables

16,379 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gyeyoung Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gemma Lee
00:12
When the Industrial Revolution started,
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์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
์˜๊ตญ์— ์„ํƒ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งค์žฅ๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์€
00:15
the amount of carbon sitting underneath Britain in the form of coal
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์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„์— ์„์œ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งค์žฅ๋œ
00:19
was as big as the amount of carbon sitting under Saudi Arabia
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ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
in the form of oil.
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00:25
This carbon powered the Industrial Revolution,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ž์›์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
it put the "Great" in Great Britain,
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์˜๊ตญ์ด ๋Œ€์˜์ œ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
00:29
and led to Britain's temporary world domination.
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์ž ์‹œ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1918๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์„ํƒ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ •์ ์„ ์ฐ๊ณ ,
00:34
And then, in 1918, coal production in Britain peaked,
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00:38
and has declined ever since.
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๊ทธํ›„๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดํ›„ ์˜๊ตญ์€ ๋ถํ•ด์˜ ์„์œ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ž์›์„
00:41
In due course, Britain started using oil and gas from the North Sea,
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2000๋…„,
00:45
and in the year 2000,
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๋ถํ•ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ž์›๋„ ์ •์ ์„ ์ฐ์€ ํ›„
00:47
oil and gas production from the North Sea also peaked,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
and they're now on the decline.
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00:54
These observations about the finiteness
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋งค์žฅ๋œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜
00:56
of easily accessible, local, secure fossil fuels,
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์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€
"์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€?" ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:01
is a motivation for saying, "Well, what's next?
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01:04
What is life after fossil fuels going to be like?
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"ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋’ค์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ?
์ด์ œ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์—†์ด
01:07
Shouldn't we be thinking hard about how to get off fossil fuels?"
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?"
01:10
Another motivation, of course, is climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And when people talk about life after fossil fuels
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ถ๊ณผ
01:16
and climate change action,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
01:18
I think there's a lot of fluff,
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์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™” ํ™œ๋™, ํ˜ธ๋„์„ฑ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
a lot of greenwash, a lot of misleading advertising,
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01:24
and I feel a duty as a physicist to try to guide people around the claptrap
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ท€๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:28
and help people understand the actions that really make a difference,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
and to focus on ideas that do add up.
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01:37
Let me illustrate this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด '๋ด‰ํˆฌ ๋’ท๋ฉด์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด
01:38
with what physicists call a back-of-envelope calculation.
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์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
We love back-of-envelope calculations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ ๋’ท๋ฉด์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณ 
01:44
You ask a question, write down some numbers,
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๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
and get an answer.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„์ง€๋ผ๋„
01:47
It may not be very accurate, but it may make you say, "Hmm."
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"์Œ" ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So here's a question:
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์ž, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ฃ . ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:52
Imagine if we said, "Oh yes, we can get off fossil fuels.
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜, ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์—†์ด๋„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด."
01:55
We'll use biofuels. Problem solved.
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"์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์–ด."
01:56
Transport ... We don't need oil anymore."
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"๊ตํ†ต์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”์น˜ ์•Š์•„."
01:59
Well, what if we grew the biofuels for a road
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตํ†ต์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
02:05
on the grass verge at the edge of the road?
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๊ธธ๊ฐ€ ์ž”๋””์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:09
How wide would the verge have to be for that to work out?
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๊ธธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„“์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:13
OK, so let's put in some numbers.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:15
Let's have our cars go at 60 miles per hour.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์† 96 km๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
02:17
Let's say they do 30 miles per gallon.
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์—ฐ๋น„๋Š” ์ƒˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜์ธ
02:19
That's the European average for new cars.
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1๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น 12.7 km ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:22
Let's say the productivity of biofuel plantations
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€
02:25
is 1,200 liters of biofuel per hectare per year.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํ—ฅํƒ€๋ฅด๋‹น 1,200 ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
That's true of European biofuels.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 80m์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‘๊ณ 
02:31
And let's imagine the cars are spaced 80 meters apart from each other,
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๊ณ„์† ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:34
and they're perpetually going along this road.
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
๋„๋กœ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:37
The length of the road doesn't matter,
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02:38
because the longer the road, the more biofuel plantation.
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๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋ฉด์ ์€ ๋„“์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:41
What do we do with these numbers?
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์ž, ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ ?
์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด
02:43
Take the first number, divide by the other three, and get eight kilometers.
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์•ฝ 8km๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And that's the answer.
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์ด๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
That's how wide the plantation would have to be,
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02:50
given these assumptions.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๊นŒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
์ด ๋‹ต์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:53
And maybe that makes you say, "Hmm.
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"์Œ. ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ?" ํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Maybe this isn't going to be quite so easy."
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
03:00
And it might make you think,
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03:02
perhaps there's an issue to do with areas.
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๊ณ„์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And in this talk, I'd like to talk about land areas, and ask:
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์ €๋„ ์ด ์ ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
03:09
Is there an issue about areas?
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03:10
The answer is going to be yes, but it depends which country you are in.
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'๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
So let's start in the United Kingdom,
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๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ
03:17
since that's where we are today.
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์˜๊ตญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ฃ .
03:19
The energy consumption of the United Kingdom,
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰,
๊ตํ†ต ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์€
03:22
the total energy consumption -- not just transport, but everything --
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์ „๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
03:26
I like to quantify it in lightbulbs.
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์ „๊ตฌ 125๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜ ์ผœ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ,
03:28
It's as if we've all got 125 lightbulbs on all the time,
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03:31
125 kilowatt-hours per day per person
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1์ธ๋‹น ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 125 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์™€ํŠธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
is the energy consumption of the UK.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So there's 40 lightbulbs' worth for transport,
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๊ตํ†ต์— ์ „๊ตฌ 40๊ฐœ,
03:41
40 lightbulbs' worth for heating,
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๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์ „๊ตฌ 40๊ฐœ,
์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ „๊ตฌ 40๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
and 40 lightbulbs' worth for making electricity,
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03:45
and other things are relatively small,
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์ด๋“ค ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ํ™œ๋™์— ๋น„ํ•ด
03:47
compared to those three big fish.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
It's actually a bigger footprint if we take into account
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ฐ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ ์–‘์€ ๋” ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
the embodied energy in the stuff we import into our country as well.
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์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 90%๋Š” ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์–ป๊ณ ,
03:56
And 90 percent of this energy, today, still comes from fossil fuels,
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10%๋งŒ์ด
04:01
and 10 percent, only, from other, greener -- possibly greener -- sources,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€
์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์›๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
like nuclear power and renewables.
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์ž,
04:08
So.
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04:09
That's the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š”
04:10
The population density of the UK is 250 people per square kilometer.
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ํ‰๋ฐฉํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 250๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด 2 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„
04:16
I'm now going to show you other countries by these same two measures.
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์ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์€
04:19
On the vertical axis, I'm going to show you how many lightbulbs --
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์ „๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜, ์ฆ‰ 1์ธ๋‹น ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
what our energy consumption per person is.
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์˜๊ตญ์€ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ „๊ตฌ 125๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
We're at 125 lightbulbs per person,
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์ €๊ธฐ ์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ ์€
04:27
and that little blue dot there is showing you the land area
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04:30
of the United Kingdom.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญํ†  ๋ฉด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
The population density is on the horizontal axis,
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์ถ•์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
1ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 250๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
and we're 250 people per square kilometer.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
04:38
Let's add European countries in blue,
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04:40
and you can see there's quite a variety.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
I should emphasize, both of these axes are logarithmic;
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์ด ์–‘์ถ•์€ ๋กœ๊ทธ์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
04:46
as you go from one gray bar to the next gray bar,
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10๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
you're going up a factor of 10.
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04:51
Next, let's add Asia in red,
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์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:53
the Middle East and North Africa in green,
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์ค‘๋™๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰,
04:57
sub-Saharan Africa in blue,
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ๋‚จ์ชฝ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์ฒญ์ƒ‰,
05:00
black is South America,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰
์ค‘์•™ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰,
05:04
purple is Central America,
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05:06
and then in pukey-yellow, we have North America,
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๋ถ๋ฏธ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š”
05:09
Australia and New Zealand.
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ํ™ฉํ† ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
You can see the great diversity of population densities
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ 1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ด
์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
and of per capita consumptions.
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05:18
Countries are different from each other.
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๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
Top left, we have Canada and Australia, with enormous land areas,
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ์œ„์—๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์˜
๊ตญํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„“๊ณ  1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
very high per capita consumption -- 200 or 300 lightbulbs per person --
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1์ธ๋‹น ์ „๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 200-300๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
and very low population densities.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Top right: Bahrain has the same energy consumption
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์ œ์ผ ์œ„์—๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ 1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ
๋ฐ”๋ ˆ์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
per person, roughly, as Canada --
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05:37
over 300 lightbulbs per person,
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1์ธ๋‹น ์ „๊ตฌ 300๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
but their population density is a factor of 300 times greater,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 300๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์ธ
05:42
1,000 people per square kilometer.
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ํ‰๋ฐฉ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 1,000๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:44
Bottom right: Bangladesh has the same population density as Bahrain,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ ˆ์ธ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์ด 1/100์ธ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
but consumes 100 times less per person.
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์™ผ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š”, ์Œ, ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋„ค์š”.
05:53
Bottom left: well, there's no one.
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05:55
But there used to be a whole load of people.
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์˜›๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:57
Here's another message from this diagram.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
I've added on little blue tails behind Sudan, Libya,
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์ˆ˜๋‹จ, ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ
06:03
China, India, Bangladesh.
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๋’ค์— ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ž‘์€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
That's 15 years of progress.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Where were they 15 years ago, and where are they now?
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15๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:09
And the message is,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
06:10
most countries are going to the right, and they're going up.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์œ„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ„์ชฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ, ์ฆ‰, ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ ,
06:13
Up and to the right: bigger population density
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06:15
and higher per capita consumption.
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1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
So, we may be off in the top right-hand corner, slightly unusual,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์ฃ 
์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํŠน์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
the United Kingdom accompanied by Germany,
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋…์ผ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ, ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ
06:24
Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands,
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๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:26
and a bunch of other slightly odd countries,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€
06:28
but many other countries are coming up and to the right to join us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
So we're a picture, if you like,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ์žˆ์–ด
06:34
of what the future energy consumption
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06:36
might be looking like in other countries, too.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:40
I've also added in this diagram now some pink lines
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š”
06:43
that go down and to the right.
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๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰ ์„ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:45
Those are lines of equal power consumption per unit area,
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์ด ์„ ์€ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 1์™€ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
which I measure in watts per square meter.
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06:51
So, for example, the middle line there, 0.1 watts per square meter,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ์€
1ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 0.1์™€ํŠธ๋กœ์„œ, ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ
06:55
is the energy consumption per unit area of Saudi Arabia,
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์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”,
06:59
Norway, Mexico in purple, and Bangladesh 15 years ago.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์ด์˜ 15๋…„ ์ „ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Half of the world's population lives in countries
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
07:07
that are already above that line.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ์„  ์œ„์ชฝ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
The United Kingdom is consuming 1.25 watts per square meter.
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์˜๊ตญ์€ 1ํ‰๋ฐฉ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น .
1.25 ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
So is Germany, and Japan is consuming a bit more.
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๋…์ผ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:21
So, let's now say why this is relevant.
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
์™œ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:25
Why is it relevant?
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07:26
Well, we can measure renewables in the same units
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:29
and other forms of power production in the same units.
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๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ „๋ ฅ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Renewables is one of the leading ideas
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์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 90%๋ฅผ
07:35
for how we could get off our 90 percent fossil-fuel habit.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
So here come some renewables.
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์ž, ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
07:41
Energy crops deliver half a watt per square meter
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ธฐํ›„์—์„œ
07:43
in European climates.
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ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 0.5์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
What does that mean?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:47
You might have anticipated that result,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์œผ๋‹ˆ
07:49
given what I told you about the biofuel plantation a moment ago.
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๋Œ€์ถฉ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์‹ค ๋“ฏ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 1.25์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:53
Well, we consume 1.25 watts per square meter.
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07:56
What this means is,
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด
07:57
even if you covered the whole of the United Kingdom with energy crops,
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์˜๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด๋„
08:00
you couldn't match today's energy consumption.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Wind power produces a bit more -- 2.5 watts per square meter.
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ํ’๋ ฅ์€ ์ข€๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 2.5์™€ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
But that's only twice as big as 1.25 watts per square meter.
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1.25์™€ํŠธ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ 
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ
08:13
So that means if you wanted, literally, to produce total energy consumption
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ํ’๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
08:17
in all forms, on average, from wind farms,
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ตญํ† ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฎ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
you need wind farms half the area of the UK.
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08:23
I've got data to back up all these assertions, by the way.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:27
Next, let's look at solar power.
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์ด์ œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ํŒ๋„ฌ์„ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:30
Solar panels, when you put them on a roof,
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08:32
deliver about 20 watts per square meter in England.
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์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ 1ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 20์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:37
If you really want to get a lot from solar panels,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๋†์ดŒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ํŒ๋„ฌ๋กœ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ
08:40
you need to adopt the traditional Bavarian farming method,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์—๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
08:43
where you leap off the roof,
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08:44
and coat the countryside with solar panels, too.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:47
Solar parks, because of the gaps between the panels, deliver less.
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ํŒ๋„ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด
์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:50
They deliver about 5 watts per square meter of land area.
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ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‹น ์•ฝ 5์™€ํŠธ์ฃ 
08:53
And here's a solar park in Vermont, with real data,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„๋ชฌํŠธ์˜
ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋‹จ์ง€์ธ๋ฐ ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 4.2 ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:57
delivering 4.2 watts per square meter.
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09:00
Remember where we are, 1.25 watts per square meter,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 1.25 ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
wind farms 2.5, solar parks about five.
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ํ’๋ ฅ์€ 2.5 ์™€ํŠธ, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๊ณต์›์€ 5 ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
So whichever of those renewables you pick,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋“ 
09:10
the message is, whatever mix of those renewables you're using,
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์œจ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—†์ด
์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์— ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:13
if you want to power the UK on them,
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์ „ ๊ตญํ† ์˜ 20-25%๋ฅผ
09:16
you're going to need to cover something like
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09:18
20 percent or 25 percent of the country
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ค๋น„๋กœ
๋’ค๋ฎ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:21
with those renewables.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
I'm not saying that's a bad idea; we just need to understand the numbers.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ €๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ก ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:26
I'm absolutely not anti-renewables. I love renewables.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ˆซ์ž ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:29
But I'm also pro-arithmetic.
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09:30
(Laughter)
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09:32
Concentrating solar power in deserts delivers larger powers per unit area,
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
๋‹จ์œ„ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ฃ .
09:36
because you don't have the problem of clouds.
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ํ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 14์™€ํŠธ ์ •๋„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:39
So, this facility delivers 14 watts per square meter;
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09:42
this one 10 watts per square meter;
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์ด ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 10์™€ํŠธ์งœ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์š”
09:44
and this one in Spain, 5 watts per square meter.
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 5์™€ํŠธ์งœ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:46
Being generous to concentrating solar power,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด๋กœ ๋„‰๋„‰์žก์•„
ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‹น 20์™€ํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
I think it's perfectly credible it could deliver 20 watts per square meter.
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์ด ์ •๋„๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์˜ˆ์ผ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
So that's nice.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ์—†์ฃ .
09:54
Of course, Britain doesn't have any deserts.
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09:56
Yet.
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์•„์ง์€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:58
(Laughter)
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09:59
So here's a summary so far:
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
All renewables, much as I love them, are diffuse.
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10:05
They all have a small power per unit area,
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๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
and we have to live with that fact.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด
10:10
And that means, if you do want renewables to make a substantial difference
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ
10:15
for a country like the United Kingdom
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
10:17
on the scale of today's consumption,
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10:19
you need to be imagining renewable facilities that are country-sized.
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์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€
๊ตญํ†  ์ „์ฒด๋งŒํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„์ง€๋ผ๋„
10:23
Not the entire country,
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๊ตญํ† ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์›ฌ๋งŒํผ ๋ฎ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
but a fraction of the country, a substantial fraction.
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10:29
There are other options for generating power as well,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
which don't involve fossil fuels.
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10:33
So there's nuclear power, and on this ordinance survey map,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œก์ง€ ์ธก๋Ÿ‰๋ถ€
์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰ ๋„ค๋ชจ ์•ˆ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ
10:37
you can see there's a Sizewell B inside a blue square kilometer.
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์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์›ฐ ๋น„ ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:40
That's one gigawatt in a square kilometer,
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1ํ‰๋ฐฉํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‹น 1๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ๋กœ์„œ
10:42
which works out to 1,000 watts per square meter.
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1ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด 1,000์™€ํŠธ์ฃ .
10:45
So by this particular metric,
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์›์ž๋ ฅ์€
10:47
nuclear power isn't as intrusive as renewables.
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋งŒํผ ๋„“์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์ฃ .
10:53
Of course, other metrics matter, too,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
and nuclear power has all sorts of popularity problems.
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
But the same goes for renewables as well.
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์ด ์ ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์—๋”˜๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์˜ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์ฟก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ
11:01
Here's a photograph of a consultation exercise in full swing
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ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ํ•œ์ฐฝ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
in the little town of Penicuik just outside Edinburgh,
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11:06
and you can see the children of Penicuik celebrating
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ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์ฟก ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด
ํ’์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ?
11:09
the burning of the effigy of the windmill.
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11:11
So --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํˆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:12
(Laughter)
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11:13
People are anti-everything,
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11:15
and we've got to keep all the options on the table.
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ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:18
What can a country like the UK do on the supply side?
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:21
Well, the options are, I'd say, these three:
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3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
11:24
power renewables,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋ฎ์„ ์ •๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€,
11:26
and recognizing that they need to be close to country-sized;
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€,
11:29
other people's renewables,
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์ฆ‰, ํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
11:31
so we could go back and talk very politely
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11:33
to the people in the top left-hand side of the diagram and say,
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์ •์ค‘ํžˆ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
"์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์„ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
11:36
"Uh, we don't want renewables in our backyard,
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๋Œ์˜ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์„ธ์›Œ๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?"
11:38
but, um, please could we put them in yours instead?"
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11:41
And that's a serious option.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด์ฃ .
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
It's a way for the world to handle this issue.
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11:46
So countries like Australia, Russia, Libya, Kazakhstan,
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„, ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
11:50
could be our best friends for renewable production.
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•œํ…Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:55
And a third option is nuclear power.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
So that's some supply-side options.
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๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:59
In addition to the supply levers that we can push --
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๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
12:02
and remember, we need large amounts,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
because at the moment, we get 90 percent of our energy from fossil fuels --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 90%๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:08
in addition to those levers,
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๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด ์™ธ์—๋„
12:09
we could talk about other ways of solving this issue.
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์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Namely, we could reduce demand, and that means reducing population --
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
12:16
I'm not sure how to do that --
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- ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ €๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 1์ธ๋‹น ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
or reducing per capita consumption.
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12:21
So let's talk about three more big levers
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
12:23
that could really help on the consumption side.
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์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
First, transport.
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๋จผ์ €, ๊ตํ†ต
12:27
Here are the physics principles
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12:28
that tell you how to reduce the energy consumption of transport.
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๊ตํ†ต ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:31
People often say, "Technology can answer everything.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋งž์•„. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค ๋ผ.
์šด์†ก ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์—ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ 100๋ฐฐ ๋†’์ด๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€."
12:34
We can make vehicles that are 100 times more efficient."
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
12:37
And that's almost true. Let me show you.
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์ด ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š”
12:39
The energy consumption of this typical tank here
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12:41
is 80 kilowatt hours per hundred person kilometers.
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100์ธ-km ๋‹น 80ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์™€ํŠธ์‹œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณดํ†ต ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
That's the average European car.
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12:49
Eighty kilowatt hours.
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80ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์™€ํŠธ์‹œ. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ
12:50
Can we make something 100 times better
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 100๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:52
by applying the physics principles I just listed?
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12:54
Yes. Here it is. It's the bicycle.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Š” 80๋ฐฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:56
It's 80 times better in energy consumption,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ . ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์„ ๋จน์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌํž˜์ด์š”.
12:59
and it's powered by biofuel, by Weetabix.
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13:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:03
And there are other options in between,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
because maybe the lady in the tank would say,
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ์•„๊ฐ€์”จ๋Š” "์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
13:07
"No, that's a lifestyle change. Don't change my lifestyle, please."
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"์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
We could persuade her to take a train, still a lot more efficient than a car,
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์ž๊ฐ€์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
13:14
but that might be a lifestyle change.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
์™ผ์ชฝ ์œ„์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Or there's the EcoCAR, top-left.
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ
13:18
It comfortably accommodates one teenager and it's shorter than a traffic cone,
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์›๋ฟ” ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ตํ†ต ํ‘œ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
and it's almost as efficient as a bicycle,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
as long as you drive it at 15 miles per hour.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹œ์† 24ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ฃ .
์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
13:27
In between, perhaps some more realistic options
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
13:29
on the transport lever are electric vehicles,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
13:32
so electric bikes and electric cars in the middle,
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13:34
perhaps four times as energy efficient as the standard petrol-powered tank.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค
4๋ฐฐ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
Next, there's the heating lever.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Heating is a third of our energy consumption in Britain,
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 1/3์„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:46
and quite a lot of that is going into homes
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๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ
๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์˜จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
and other buildings,
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13:49
doing space heating and water heating.
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13:51
So here's a typical crappy British house.
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ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์˜๊ตญ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ ์ง‘์ด์ฃ . ์•ž์— ํŽ˜๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:54
It's my house, with a Ferrari out front.
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13:56
(Laughter)
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13:57
What can we do to it?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:59
Well, the laws of physics are written up there,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
which describe how the power consumption for heating
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์ด ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ
14:07
is driven by the things you can control.
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์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:09
The things you can control are the temperature difference
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
between the inside and the outside.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ
14:14
There's this remarkable technology called a thermostat:
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์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์ง ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:17
you grasp it, rotate it to the left,
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14:18
and your energy consumption in the home will decrease.
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์‹ค๋‚ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋„ ํ•ด ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ, ํšจ๊ณผ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
I've tried it. It works. Some people call it a lifestyle change.
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14:24
(Laughter)
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๋‹จ์—ด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
You can also get the fluff men in to reduce the leakiness
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14:29
of your building -- put fluff in the walls, fluff in the roof,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„, ๋ฒฝ์—๋„, ์ฒœ์žฅ์—๋„
๋ฌธํ‹ˆ๋„ ์ข‹์ฃ .
14:32
a new front door, and so forth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
14:35
The sad truth is, this will save you money.
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๋ˆ์ด ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:38
That's not sad, that's good.
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14:39
But the sad truth is,
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14:40
it'll only get about 25 percent of the leakiness of your building
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” 25% ๋ฐ–์— ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:43
if you do these things, which are good ideas.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘์„
14:46
If you really want to get a bit closer to Swedish building standards
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์Šค์›จ๋ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
14:49
with a crappy house like this,
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14:51
you need to be putting external insulation on the building,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋‹จ์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:54
as shown by this block of flats in London.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ๋ฒฝ์— ๋‹จ์—ด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
You can also deliver heat more efficiently using heat pumps,
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์—ดํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
which use a smaller bit of high-grade energy like electricity
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์จ์„œ
์ •์›์˜ ์—ด์„ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
to move heat from your garden into your house.
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15:08
The third demand-side option I want to talk about,
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์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€
์ฆ‰, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฒˆ ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
15:11
the third way to reduce energy consumption is: read your meters.
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๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:14
People talk a lot about smart meters,
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
but you can do it yourself.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์จ์„œ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
15:17
Use your own eyes and be smart.
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15:19
Read your meter, and if you're anything like me, it'll change your life.
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๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆ‡ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ถ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
Here's a graph I made.
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15:24
I was writing a book about sustainable energy,
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:26
and a friend asked me,
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ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์ง‘์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ์ง€?"
15:27
"How much energy do you use at home?"
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15:29
I was embarrassed; I didn't actually know.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
And so I started reading the meter every week.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์ฃผ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
์˜›๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์œ„์ชฝ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:34
The old meter readings are shown in the top half of the graph,
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2007๋…„ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
and then 2007 is shown in green at the bottom.
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์ €๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ฃผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ๊ณ 
15:40
That was when I was reading the meter every week.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
And my life changed,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
15:43
because I started doing experiments and seeing what made a difference.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:46
My gas consumption plummeted,
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๊ฐ€์Šค ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
because I started tinkering with the thermostat
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์™œ๋‚˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ํƒ€์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
15:50
and the timing on the heating system,
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๊ฐ€์Šค ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
and I knocked more than half off my gas bills.
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์ „๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์—๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
There's a similar story for my electricity consumption,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผœ๋‘๋˜ DVD ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋‚˜ ์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ์˜ค,
15:57
where switching off the DVD players, the stereos,
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16:01
the computer peripherals that were on all the time,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋„๊ณ 
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ
16:04
and just switching them on when I needed them,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์š”๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ผ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
knocked another third off my electricity bills, too.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์‹ธํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
So we need a plan that adds up.
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16:11
I've described for you six big levers.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
16:14
We need big action,
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16:15
because we get 90 percent of our energy from fossil fuels,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 90%๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:18
and so you need to push hard on most, if not all, of these levers.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์—๋Š” ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
Most of these levers have popularity problems,
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16:25
and if there is a lever you don't like the use of,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
16:29
well, please do bear in mind that means you need even stronger effort
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋„๋งŒ
๊ผญ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
on the other levers.
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16:35
So I'm a strong advocate of having grown-up conversations
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
16:38
that are based on numbers and facts.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
And I want to close with this map that just visualizes for you
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
16:44
the requirement of land and so forth
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋‹น 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
16:48
in order to get just 16 lightbulbs per person
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•…์˜ ๋ฉด์  ๋“ฑ์„
๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
from four of the big possible sources.
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16:54
So, if you wanted to get 16 lightbulbs --
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:57
remember, today our total energy consumption is 125 lightbulbs' worth --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 125๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
ํ’๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 16๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
17:02
if you wanted 16 from wind,
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17:04
this map visualizes a solution for the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ 160๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
17:07
It's got 160 wind farms, each 100 square kilometers in size,
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์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 100 ํ‰๋ฐฉ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”,
17:11
and that would be a twentyfold increase over today's amount of wind.
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์ด ๊ฐ’์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ’๋ ฅ์˜
20๋ฐฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
Nuclear power: to get 16 lightbulbs per person,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋‹น 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
17:18
you'd need two gigawatts at each of the purple dots on the map.
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์ด ์ง€๋„์˜ ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰ ์  ํ•œ๊ฐœ๋‹น 2๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™“ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ฐ’์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜
17:21
That's a fourfold increase over today's levels of nuclear power.
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4๋ฐฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:26
Biomass: to get 16 lightbulbs per person,
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17:28
you'd need a land area something like three and a half Wales' worth,
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์›จ์ผ์Šค ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ 3.5 ๋ฐฐ์ฏค ๋˜๋Š” ๋•…๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:33
either in our country, or in someone else's country,
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17:36
possibly Ireland, possibly somewhere else.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:38
(Laughter)
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17:39
And a fourth supply-side option:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์ธ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
17:41
concentrating solar power in other people's deserts.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ
17:44
If you wanted to get 16 lightbulbs' worth,
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16๊ฐœ ์ „๊ตฌ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”
17:47
then we're talking about these eight hexagons
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17:50
down at the bottom right.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œก๊ฐํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋“ค ์œก๊ฐํ˜•์„ ๋‹ค ํ•ฉ์นœ ๋ฉด์ ์€
17:51
The total area of those hexagons is two Greater London's worth
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๋ฅผ 2๊ฐœ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๋„“์ด์˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
of someone else's Sahara,
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17:57
and you'll need power lines all the way across Spain and France
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ฉด
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
18:00
to bring the power from the Sahara to Surrey.
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18:04
(Laughter)
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18:05
We need a plan that adds up.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์•ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
We need to stop shouting and start talking.
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๊ทธ๋งŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
18:12
And if we can have a grown-up conversation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฅธ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
make a plan that adds up and get building,
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์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
18:18
maybe this low-carbon revolution will actually be fun.
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์ด ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
Thank you very much for listening.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:23
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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