Our fight for disability rights -- and why we're not done yet | Judith Heumann

164,407 views ใƒป 2018-04-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: yael ring ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I was born in 1947, a long time ago,
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘1947, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
00:17
and when I was 18 months old, I had polio.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื—ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
00:21
I was in an iron lung for three months
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื™ืืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
00:24
and in and out of the hospital for three years.
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ื•ื”ืชืืฉืคื–ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:27
Now, we had lots of neighbors in our Brooklyn neighborhood,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ,
00:31
and some of them were really very helpful for my parents.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
00:35
Some of them were really afraid of contagion,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืคื—ื“ื• ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง,
00:39
and they wouldn't even walk in front of our house.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:42
They would literally walk across the street.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฆื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
00:45
I think this was a time when my family really began to realize
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:50
what disability meant to some people:
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ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื:
00:53
fear.
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ืคื—ื“.
00:55
And it wasn't even a sure thing that I would live at home,
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ืื ื™ ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
00:59
although I didn't learn about this until I was 36 years old.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 36.
01:02
I was having a discussion with my father one night,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“,
01:05
and he said, "You know, when you were two years old,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
01:08
one of the doctors suggested to your mom and I
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืืžื ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื™
01:11
that you live in an institution,
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ืฉืชืขื‘ืจื™ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“,
01:14
that they could just go ahead with their lives
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
01:17
and raise their kids
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ื•ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
01:18
and kind of be done with having to deal with all the disability-related things.
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ื•ื“ื™ ื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
01:23
I didn't believe my father, not because he was a liar,
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ืœื ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืœืื‘ื ืฉืœื™, ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจืŸ,
01:27
but I'd never heard this story,
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:29
and my mother in fact validated that.
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ื•ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ืื•ืชื•.
01:32
She never wanted to tell me.
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ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
01:34
But in reality, I don't know why I was really surprised by this story,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืžื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:38
because when I was five years old,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ,
01:41
and my mother, like mothers and fathers all across the United States,
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ื•ืืžื ืฉืœื™, ื›ืžื• ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
01:45
was taking me to school to enroll,
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ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฉื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
01:48
she pushed my wheelchair to the school in walking distance to our house,
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืคื” ืืช ื›ืกื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
01:53
pulled the wheelchair up the steps into the school,
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืคื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
01:56
and we were greeted by the principal.
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ื•ืฉื ืคื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžื ื”ืœ.
01:58
Not really greeted.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื•.
02:00
But the principal said, no, I couldn't come to that school
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืืžืจ ืฉืœื, ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”
02:04
because it wasn't accessible.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ.
02:07
But he told us not to worry,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืœื ืœื“ืื•ื’,
02:10
because the Board of Education in fact would send a teacher to my house.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฉืœื— ืžื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
02:15
And they did
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”
02:17
for a total of two and a half hours
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™
02:20
a week.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
02:22
(Audience murmurs)
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(ื”ืชืœื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ืœ)
02:23
But for good behavior,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ืก ื˜ื•ื‘,
02:25
they threw in an occupational therapist
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ื”ื ื’ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืžืจืคื ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืง
02:28
who taught me that very essential skill
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ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช
02:31
of cross-stitching.
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ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื”.
02:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:34
I don't cross-stitch today.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืงืžืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:38
I didn't actually get to go to school in a real building
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
02:42
until I was nine years old,
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ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืชืฉืข,
02:44
and then I was in classes only with disabled children
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ื•ื’ื ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืง ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื
02:47
in a school that had mainly nondisabled children.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื.
02:50
And in my classes,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™
02:52
there were students up to the age of 21.
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ื”ื™ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21.
02:56
And then, after 21,
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ื•ืื–, ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 21,
02:58
they went to something called sheltered workshops
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ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื• ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ื•ืช
03:02
with menial work
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ื‘ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
03:03
and earning either nothing or below minimum wage.
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ื•ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื›ืœื•ื ืื• ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื.
03:07
So I understood discrimination.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื” ื–ื” ืืคืœื™ื”.
03:10
My parents understood discrimination.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื–ื” ืืคืœื™ื”.
03:13
My parents came from Germany.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื• ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
03:16
They were German Jews who left in the 1930s,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30,
03:19
escaping the Holocaust.
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ื•ื‘ืจื—ื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืื”.
03:21
My parents lost family and they lost parents.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
03:25
Both my parents lost their parents in the Holocaust.
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”.
03:29
And so they realized
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
03:31
that they could not be silent
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืง
03:33
as things were going wrong for me in my life.
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ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
03:36
Not me personally,
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ืœื ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™,
03:38
but what was going on around me.
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ืืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™.
03:40
They learned that because I used a wheelchair,
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ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื,
03:44
none of the high schools in New York City, in the entire city,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื”,
03:47
were wheelchair accessible,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื,
03:49
so what was supposed to happen
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ืช
03:52
is I was supposed to go back onto home instruction
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืืœืš ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื
03:55
along with many other students.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:58
So my parents banded together with other parents.
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ืื– ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:03
They went to the Board of Education
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ื”ื ืคื ื• ืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
04:05
and they demanded that the Board of Ed make some of the high schools accessible.
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ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
04:09
And they did.
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
04:11
And so I and many others
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
04:14
were finally able to go to high school, a regular high school,
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ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ,
04:17
and take regular classes.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
04:20
So what happened next?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš?
04:23
I was learning more and more about what discrimination was,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ ืืคืœื™ื”,
04:26
and equally important, I was learning that I needed to become my own advocate.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™.
04:31
I was entering college, Long Island University,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืงื•ืœื’', ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“,
04:35
and I had always wanted to be a teacher,
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื”,
04:37
and so I minored in education and I took all the appropriate courses,
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ืื– ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื,
04:43
and then when it was time for me to go for my license,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื™,
04:47
I had to take a written exam,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘,
04:49
an oral exam
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”
04:51
and a medical exam.
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
04:53
At that time, all three of those exams
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
04:56
were given in completely inaccessible buildings,
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ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
05:00
so I had friends who carried me up and down the steps
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ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”
05:04
for these exams,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
05:06
not in a motorized wheelchair.
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ืœื ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื ืข.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:08
In a manual wheelchair.
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ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื™ื“ื ื™.
05:11
But I passed my oral exam.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
05:14
I passed my written exam.
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘.
05:16
My medical exam was something completely different.
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ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
05:21
One of the first questions the doctor asked me
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ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™
05:24
was, could I please show her how I went to the bathroom.
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ื”ื™ืชื”, ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื” ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
05:31
I was 22 years old
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 22
05:33
and you know when you go for any kind of an interview,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ,
05:36
you think about all the kinds of questions that people could ask you?
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื?
05:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:41
That was not one of them.
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžืืœื”.
05:43
And I was freaked out in the first place
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ื•ื ืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ
05:46
because I had heard
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™
05:47
that there were actually no disabled people using wheelchairs
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื
05:51
who were teachers in New York,
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ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
05:53
so each step along the way I was expecting something bad.
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ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข ืฉื™ืงืจื”.
05:57
So I said to her,
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”,
05:59
is it a requirement that teachers show their students
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ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
06:01
how to go to the bathroom?
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ืื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื?
06:04
If it is, I can do that.
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ืื ื–ื” ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
06:07
So no surprise,
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ืื– ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืชืขื”,
06:09
I was failed
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ืฉื ื›ืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”
06:11
because I didn't pass the medical.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
06:13
The official reason that I was denied my job
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื•ืจื”
06:17
was paralysis of poliomyelitis sequelae of -- I'm sorry.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืžื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœ -- ืกืœื™ื—ื”.
06:24
Paralysis of both lower limbs, sequelae of poliomyelitis.
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืžื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ืก.
06:28
Honestly, I didn't know what the word "sequelae" meant,
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ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื",
06:31
so I went to the dictionary, and it meant "because of."
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ืื– ืคืชื—ืชื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” "ื‘ื’ืœืœ".
06:34
So I'd been denied my license because I couldn't walk.
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ืื– ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช.
06:38
So what was I going to do?
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
06:41
This is a really important time in my life,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™,
06:44
because it would be the first time
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:46
that I really would be challenging the system, me,
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ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืื ื™,
06:50
and although I was working with a lot of other friends who had disabilities
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช
06:54
who were encouraging me to move forward with this,
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ืฉืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื,
06:57
it was nonetheless quite frightening.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
06:59
But I was really very lucky.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจืช ืžื–ืœ.
07:01
I had a friend who was a disabled student at Long Island University
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืœื•ื ื“ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“
07:05
and was also a stringer at the "New York Times,"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื›ืชื‘ ื–ื•ื˜ืจ ื‘"ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก",
07:08
and he was able to get a reporter
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื›ื ืข ื›ืชื‘ ืื—ืจ
07:11
to write a really good piece about what had happened
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ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
07:15
and why he thought what had happened was wrong.
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ืขื”.
07:18
The next day there was an editorial in the "New York Times"
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžืืžืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘"ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก"
07:23
with the title of "Heumann v. The Board of Education"
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ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช "ืื“ื ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš"
07:26
and the "New York Times" came out in support
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ื•ื”"ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก" ื™ืฆื ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื”
07:28
of my getting my teaching license.
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ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื™.
07:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:34
And then the same day,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:36
I got a call from an attorney who was writing a book about civil rights.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
07:41
And he was calling me to interview me,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™,
07:44
and I was interviewing him.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
07:46
He didn't know that.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”.
07:47
And at the end of our discussion, I said,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืืžืจืชื™,
07:50
"Would you be willing to represent me? I want to sue the Board of Education."
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"ื”ืื ืชืกื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืื•ืชื™? ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš".
07:54
And he said yes.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื” ื›ืŸ.
07:56
Now, sometimes I say that the stars were aligned around this court case,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื•,
08:01
because we had an amazing judge:
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ื:
08:05
the first African American female federal judge --
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ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ --
08:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:12
Constance Baker Motley.
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ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ืก ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจ ืžื•ื˜ืœื™.
08:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:20
And she knew discrimination when she saw it.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืคืœื™ื”.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:27
So she strongly encouraged the Board of Ed
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืคื” ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
08:31
to give me another medical exam,
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ืœืชืช ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช,
08:34
which they did.
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ืฉื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•.
08:36
And then I got my license,
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ื•ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื™,
08:39
and while it took a number of months
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ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
08:41
for me to actually get a principal to offer me a job,
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ืขื“ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืข ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
08:44
I finally did get a job and I started teaching that fall
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกืชื™ื•
08:48
in the same school that I had gone to,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื• ืœืžื“ืชื™,
08:51
second grade.
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ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘'.
08:53
So --
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ืื– --
08:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:58
That's a whole other TED Talk.
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ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื—ืช TED ืื—ืจืช.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:01
But I was learning as my friends were,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ื™ ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
09:05
and people I didn't know around the country,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืžื“ื ื•,
09:08
that we had to be our own advocates,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•,
09:11
that we needed to fight back people's view
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
09:15
that if you had a disability, you needed to be cured,
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ืฉืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืš ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชืš,
09:18
that equality was not part of the equation.
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ืฉืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
09:22
And we were learning from the Civil Rights Movement
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ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
09:25
and from the Women's Rights Movement.
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ื•ืžื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื.
09:27
We were learning from them about their activism
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ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื”ื
09:30
and their ability to come together,
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“,
09:32
not only to discuss problems
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ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
09:35
but to discuss solutions.
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ืืœื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
09:37
And what was born is what we call today the Disability Rights Movement.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื–ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื™ื.
09:42
So I'd like to tell you a couple of riddles.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
09:46
How many people do you think it takes
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืชื›ื
09:50
to stop traffic on Madison Avenue
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ
09:53
during rush hour in New York City?
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ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง?
09:56
Do you have a guess? How many?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ? ื›ืžื”?
09:58
(Audience members shout out answers)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ืขืง ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช)
10:01
Fifty.
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
10:03
One would be too little.
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ืื—ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™.
10:06
Fifty people.
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ.
10:07
And there were no accessible paddy wagons,
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื
10:10
so they had to just kind of deal with us.
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืืชื ื•.
10:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:17
But let me tell you another riddle.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
10:19
How many people does it take to stop a bus in New York City
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
10:24
when they refuse to let you on because you're in a wheelchair?
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื?
10:29
One. That is the right answer.
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ืื—ื“. ื–ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
10:31
So what you have to do though
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช
10:34
is take your wheelchair --
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ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืกื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš --
10:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:39
Sidle in the right place right in front of the steps
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ืชืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช
10:43
and give it a little push underneath,
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืชื—ืช,
10:46
and then their bus can't move.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื•ื–.
10:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:52
Any of you who want to learn how to do that,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
10:55
talk to me after this.
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ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
10:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:58
In 1972, President Nixon vetoed the Rehabilitation Act.
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ื‘1972, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ ืคืกืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื.
11:05
We protested. He signed it.
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ืขืœื™ื•.
11:09
Then the regulations that needed to be promulgated to implement that law
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ืื– ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื—ื•ืงืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”
11:14
had not in fact been signed.
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ืœื ื ื—ืชืžื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
11:16
We demonstrated. They were signed.
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
11:19
And when the Americans With Disabilities Act, the ADA,
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื”-ADA,
11:23
our Emancipation Proclamation Act,
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ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
11:26
looked as though it might not in fact be passed in the House or Senate,
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ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื,
11:32
disabled people from all across the United States came together
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•
11:36
and they crawled up the Capitol steps.
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ื•ื–ื—ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ื•ืœ.
11:41
That was an amazing day,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
11:44
and the House and Senate passed the ADA.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื”ืกื ืื˜ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื—ื•ืง ื”-ADA.
11:48
And then President Bush signed the ADA.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
11:54
It's a great picture.
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
11:55
President Bush signed the ADA on the lawn of the White House.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”-ADA ืขืœ ืžื“ืฉืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ.
11:59
It was an amazing day,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
12:01
and there are about 2,000 people there.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื•ืœื™ 2,000 ืื™ืฉ.
12:05
It was July 26, 1990.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”-26 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1990.
12:09
And one of the most famous statements he had in his speech
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ืื•ื ืฉืœื•
12:13
was, "Let the shameful walls of exclusion finally come tumbling down."
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ื”ื™ื”, "ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ".
12:20
For any of you in the room
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ
12:22
who are 50 or older, or maybe or even 40 or older,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 50 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• 40 ื•ืžืขืœื”,
12:25
you remember a time when there were no ramps on the streets,
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ืจืžืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
12:28
when buses were not accessible,
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ื›ืฉืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื,
12:30
when trains were not accessible,
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ื›ืฉืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช,
12:32
where there were no wheelchair-accessible bathrooms in shopping malls,
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ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงื ื™ื•ืช,
12:36
where you certainly did not have a sign language interpreter,
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ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืŸ ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื,
12:39
or captioning, or braille or other kinds of supports.
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ืื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืื• ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืœ ืื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื”.
12:44
These things have changed,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืฉืชื ื•,
12:46
and they have inspired the world.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
12:48
And disabled people around the world want laws like we have,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•,
12:53
and they want those laws enforced.
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ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ืื›ืคื•.
12:56
And so what we've seen is something called
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ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื
12:59
the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
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ื”ืืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
13:03
It is a treaty that was adopted in 2006.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืžื ื” ืฉืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘2006.
13:07
It's celebrating is 10-year anniversary.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™.
13:11
More than 165 countries have joined this treaty.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž165 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืืžื ื” ื–ื•.
13:16
It is the first international human rights treaty
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืžื ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
13:20
fully focused on disabled people.
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ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
13:23
But I am sad to say that our US Senate
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกื ืื˜ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœื ื•
13:27
has failed to recommend to our president that we ratify the treaty.
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ื ื›ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืืฉืจืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื”.
13:32
We signed it in 2009,
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ื—ืชืžื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื‘2009,
13:35
but it doesn't come into force until ratification,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชืื•ืฉืจืจ,
13:40
and the president -- no president can ratify a treaty
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื -- ืืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืฉืจืจ ืืžื ื”
13:43
without the consent of the Senate.
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ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืกื ืื˜.
13:46
So we feel really strongly
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ืงื™ื
13:50
that our US Senate needs to do its job,
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ื‘ืกื ืื˜ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•,
13:53
that our Senate needs to enable us as Americans
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ื”ืกื ืื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื›ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
13:57
not only to be able to assist disabled people and governments around the world
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
14:02
to learn about the good work that we've been doing,
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”,
14:06
but it's equally important
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ืืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช
14:08
that disabled people have the same opportunities
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ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
14:12
to travel, study and work abroad
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ืœื ืกื•ืข, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ
14:16
as anyone else in our country.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
14:18
And as long as many countries don't have the same laws as we do
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ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•
14:22
and don't enforce them if they have them,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืื•ื›ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื,
14:25
opportunities for disabled people are more limited.
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:29
When I travel abroad,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ,
14:31
I am always meeting with disabled women,
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืคื’ืฉืช ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช,
14:34
and those women tell me stories
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ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
14:37
about how they experience violence and rape
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก
14:41
and how in many cases these forms of violence
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ื•ืื™ืš ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
14:45
occur from family members and people that they know,
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช,
14:50
who in fact may be working for them.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
14:53
And frequently these cases are not adjudicated.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื˜.
14:56
I meet disabled people
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ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช
14:58
who have been offered jobs by businesses
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง
15:03
because they live in a country where there's a quota system,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื›ืกื•ืช,
15:06
and in order to avoid a fine,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืงื ืก,
15:09
they will hire you
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื›ืจื• ืื•ืชืš
15:11
and then tell you,
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ื•ืื– ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœืš,
15:12
"You don't need to come to work
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"ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
15:14
because we really don't need you in the facility."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืžืคืขืœ".
15:18
I have visited institutions
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
15:21
where the stench of urine is so strong
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ื‘ื”ื ืจื™ื— ื”ืฉืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง
15:25
that before you open the door of your vehicle,
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ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคืชื—ืชื ืืช ื“ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื,
15:28
you're kind of pushed back,
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ืืชื ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื”ืœื,
15:30
and then gone into those institutions
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ื•ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืื•ืชื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
15:33
where people should be living in the community with appropriate supports
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ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช
15:38
and seen people almost naked,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื,
15:41
people who are chemically drugged
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ืžืžื™ื
15:43
and people who are living lives of despair.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืื•ืฉ.
15:47
These are some of the things that the US needs to be doing more to correct.
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ืืœื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ.
15:53
We know discrimination when we see it,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืคืœื™ื”,
15:56
and we need to be fighting it together.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื” ื™ื—ื“.
15:59
So what is it that we can be doing together?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื“?
16:03
I encourage you all to recognize
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš
16:06
that disability is a family you can join at any point in your life.
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ืฉืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืœื™ื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
16:12
I'd like to see by a show of hands how many of you have ever broken a bone?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉื‘ืจืชื ืขืฆื?
16:18
And then, when you leave today, I'd like you to maybe write a couple of sentences
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉืชืฆืื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
16:23
about what that period of time has been like for you,
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื,
16:27
because frequently I hear from people,
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื,
16:30
"You know, I couldn't do this, I couldn't do that.
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"ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื,
16:33
People talked to me differently. They acted differently towards me."
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืœืคื™".
16:37
And that's what I see and other disabled people see
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืื™ื
16:41
in flashing letters.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืื•ืŸ.
16:43
But we -- you in this room,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• -- ืืชื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
16:46
people listening and watching this TED Talk --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืฆืืช ื”TED ื”ื–ื• --
16:49
together we can make a difference.
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ื™ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
16:52
Together we can speak up for justice.
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ื™ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฆื“ืง
16:56
Together we can help change the world.
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ื™ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
16:59
Thank you. I have to go catch my bus.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™.
17:02
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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