The dangers of a noisy ocean -- and how we can quiet it down | Nicola Jones

67,626 views ใƒป 2020-04-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Or Sinai ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ืื•ืจืงื” ืœื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ
(ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ ืฉื•ืจืง ื•ื ื•ืงืฉ)
00:13
This is the sound of orcas off the coast of Vancouver.
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ื”ื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ
00:17
(Whale chirps and squeaks)
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ืืœื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื,
00:23
They make these fantastic sounds not just to communicate,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื™ื“,
00:26
but also sometimes to echolocate,
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ืฉื”ื•ืงืœื˜ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื.
00:28
to find their way around and to find food.
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(ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื— ืžื”ื“ื”ื“)
00:31
But that can be tricky sometimes,
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00:33
because, well, here is the sound of a ship passing by,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื™ืžื™,
00:36
recorded underwater.
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00:37
(Screeching oscillating sound)
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื,
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
00:44
You know, when we think about marine pollution,
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ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ืžื“ืข ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช,
00:46
I think we usually think about plastics.
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00:48
Maybe toxic chemicals,
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™
00:50
or even ocean acidification from climate change.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื•
ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
00:53
As a science journalist who often writes about environmental issues,
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ "Nature,"
00:56
those are the things that have passed my desk
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ืจืขืฉ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.
00:59
over the past 10 years or so.
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ื›ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช
01:01
But as I recently realized
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01:02
when I was writing a feature for the science journal "Nature,"
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืคืขื ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื,
01:05
noise is another important kind of pollution.
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ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ
01:08
One that often gets ignored.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ืžื•ืืจ,
01:11
You know, maybe you've heard of the dark-skies movement,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
01:14
which aimed to raise awareness of the issue of light pollution
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ื.
01:17
and create pockets of unilluminated night,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš
01:20
so that people and animals
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืขืช ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
01:22
could enjoy more natural cycles of light and dark, night and day.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืจืขืฉ
ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
01:27
Well, in much the same way,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืกืื•ื ื“ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:29
there are people now raising awareness
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01:30
of the issue of noise pollution
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01:32
and trying to create pockets of quiet in the ocean,
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
ืจืขืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื’ืจื•ื™.
01:35
so that marine life can enjoy a more natural soundscape.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืชื— ื›ืจื•ื ื™,
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’
01:40
This is important.
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01:41
Noise isn't just an irritation.
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ื•ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.
01:44
It can cause chronic stress,
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01:46
or even physical injury.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
01:48
It can affect marine life's ability to find food and mates
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืกื™ื™ืกืžื™ื
01:51
and to listen out for predators and more.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–
01:55
Think of all the sounds we inject into the ocean.
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ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืื•ื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืงื•ืœื ื™ื™ื,
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ 10 ืขื“ 15 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
01:59
Perhaps one of the most dramatic is the seismic surveys
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”
02:01
used to look for oil and gas.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•
02:04
Air guns produce loud blasts,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืชื—ืช.
02:06
sometimes every 10 to 15 seconds,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ืžืข ื›ืš.
02:09
for months on end.
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(ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื)
02:10
And they use the reflections of these sounds
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02:12
to map the ground beneath.
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02:14
It can sound like this.
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ื•ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื™ื—ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–
02:17
(Explosion sounds)
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
ืกื•ื ืจ
02:23
Then, there's the sound of the actual drilling for oil and gas,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื•ืชืจ 50,000 ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช
02:27
the construction of things like offshore wind farms,
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ื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
02:30
sonar
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ื›ืขืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืงื˜.
02:31
and of course, the nearly constant drone from more than 50,000 ships
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ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื›ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื,
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงืจื— ื ืฉื‘ืจ, ืจื•ื—, ื’ืฉื,
02:35
in the global merchant fleet.
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02:38
Now the natural ocean itself isn't exactly quiet.
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ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืฉืจื™ื, ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืื ืงื™ื,
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืจื™ืžืคื™ื ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื.
02:41
If you put your head under the water,
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ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืกืื•ื ื“
02:43
you can hear cracking ice, wind, rain,
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™ 50 ืขื“ 100 ื“ื™ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื,
02:46
singing whales, grunting fish,
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ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื•ืžืชื™.
02:48
even snapping shrimp.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
02:50
Altogether, that can create a soundscape
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02:52
of maybe 50 to 100 decibels,
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืฉืกืคื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
02:54
depending on where and when you are.
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ื›ืœ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
02:57
But mankind's addition to that has been dramatic.
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ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื›ื”ืžื•ืŸ,
03:00
It's estimated that shipping has added three decibels of noise to the ocean
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื ืขืœ ืกืงืœื” ืœื•ื’ืจื™ืชืžื™ืช
ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืœื ืจื™ื›ื˜ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”.
03:05
every 10 years in recent decades.
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ืื– ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:08
That might not sound like a lot,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ื›ืคืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
03:09
but decibels are on a logarithmic scale,
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03:11
like the Richter scale for earthquakes.
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03:13
So a small number can actually represent a large change.
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ื”ื›ืคืœื”.
ื•ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ืขืจื›ื”,
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืจื•ืขืฉ
03:17
Three decibels means a doubling of noise intensity in the ocean.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:21
A doubling.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืงื˜,
03:23
And that's only an estimate,
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03:25
because no one is actually keeping track of how noisy the ocean is
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ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืื˜ื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
03:28
all around the world.
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03:30
There is a body called the International Quiet Ocean Experiment,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
03:34
and one of their missions
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03:35
is to try and plug the hole in that data.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืจืขืฉ
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ,
03:39
So for example, last year,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืœื™ื—ื•ืช.
03:40
they managed to convince the Global Ocean Observation System
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:44
to start including noise
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03:45
as one of their essential variables for monitoring,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืกื•ื ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขืฉ, ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ืขืฉ,
03:48
alongside things like temperature and salinity.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืชืช ื™ืžื™.
ืžื™ื›ืœื™ืช ืขื ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขืฉืช ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
03:52
We do know some things.
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03:53
We know that sonar can be as loud, or nearly as loud,
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ื”ืจืขืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื“ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
03:57
as an underwater volcano.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
03:59
A supertanker can be as loud as the call of a blue whale.
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ืกืงืจื™ื ืกืกืžื™ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
04:03
The noises we add to the ocean come in all different frequencies
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04:06
and can travel great distances.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60, ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™
04:08
Seismic surveys off the East Coast of the United States
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ื”ืคื™ืงื• ืจืขืฉ ื—ื–ืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืจืชืณ, ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
04:11
can be heard in the middle of the Atlantic.
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ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ื‘ืจืžื•ื“ื”,
04:14
In the 1960s, they did an experiment
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ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 20,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
04:16
where they set off a loud noise off the coast of Perth, Australia,
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืช ื™ืžื™ื•ืช,
04:20
and they detected it as far away as Bermuda,
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ืžื” ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื?
04:22
20,000 kilometers away.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœืชืืจ.
ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ,
04:27
So what does all this sound like to marine life,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื–ืงื”.
04:30
what do they hear?
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ืื– ืจืขืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”
04:31
It's kind of difficult to describe.
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04:33
Sound travels further, faster in water than it does in air,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืชืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื.
04:36
and it also packs a different punch.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
04:39
So sound of the same pressure will have a different intensity
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื•ืคืœืืงื˜ื•ืŸ
04:42
whether you measure it in the air or underwater.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื.
04:45
Then there's the fact that whales don't have ears exactly like human ears.
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ืชืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื”?
04:50
Creatures like zooplankton
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04:51
don't even have what you would consider to be ears.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš
ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉ ื—ื“,
04:55
So what does this mean,
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ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื™ื
04:56
what is the impact on all this marine life?
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ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคืฆื™ืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
05:00
Perhaps the easiest thing for scientists to assess
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ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœ
05:02
is the effect of acute noise,
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05:03
really loud sudden blasts
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืจืขืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
05:05
that might cause physical injury or hearing loss.
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ืืฉืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื.
05:09
Beaked whales, for example, can go into panicked dives
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงืชื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื ืจ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:12
when exposed to loud noises,
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05:14
which may even give them a condition similar to the bends.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ
ืขืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
05:19
In the 1960s, after the introduction of more powerful sonar technologies,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
05:23
the number of incidents of mass whale strandings of beaked whales
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ื“ื’ื™ื, ืื ื”ื ืชื•ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืง,
05:27
went up dramatically.
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ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ.
05:29
And it's not just marine mammals,
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ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืื•ื™ืจ ืžืกืงืจื™ื ืกื™ืกืžื™ื
05:31
fish, if they stray too close to the source of a loud sound,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื˜ื•ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืื•ืคืœืงื˜ื•ืŸ
05:35
their fish bladders may actually explode.
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ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ื•ืช ื–ื—ืœื™ ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื.
05:39
The airgun blasts from seismic surveys
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05:41
can mow down a swath of zooplankton,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื™,
05:44
the tiny creatures near the base of the food chain,
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ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉ ืจืงืข ื’ื•ื‘ืจ
05:46
or can deform scallop larvae while they're developing.
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคื ื•ืช?
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข.
05:51
Well, what about chronic noise,
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05:53
the more pervasive issue of raising background noise
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ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืขื™ืžืชื,
05:56
from things like shipping?
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื” ืจื•ืขืฉ.
05:57
That can mask or drown out the natural soundscape.
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06:01
Some whales have responded to this by literally changing their tune,
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืœืคื˜ืจืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:05
a little bit like people shouting to be heard in a noisy nightclub.
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื,
ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
06:09
And some fish will spend more time patrolling their borders
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ืจืขืฉ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
06:13
and less time caring for their young,
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืขืžื•ืกื™ื
06:15
as if they're on high alert.
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ืื• ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ืžืื•ื“
06:19
Chronic noise can affect people too, of course.
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ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื.
ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืกื” ืขืžื•ืกื™ื
06:23
Studies have shown that people living near busy airports
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ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื.
06:26
or really busy highways
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06:27
may have elevated levels of cardiovascular disease.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”,
06:30
And students living under busy flight paths
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืจื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืฆืงืช
06:33
may do worse on some educational tests.
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ืžื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื™
06:36
And even while I was researching this subject,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ,
ื•ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ืื‘ืŸ
06:39
they were actually blasting out about three meters of solid granite
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ืฉื™ื’ืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
06:42
from the lot across from my home office
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืจื’ืข,
06:44
to make room for a new house,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื ืจื’ืขื•ืช.
06:46
and the constant jittering of the rock hammer
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06:48
was driving me completely insane.
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ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื ืฆืคื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื•ื™ืชื ื™ื.
06:51
And whenever the workers stopped for a moment,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ 9/11,
06:54
I could feel my shoulders relax.
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื ืขืฆืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”
06:57
This effect has been seen in whales, too.
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ื‘ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
07:00
After the terrorist attacks of 9/11,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ื”ื–ื•,
ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืœืœื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื”
07:02
international shipping largely ground to a halt for a little while
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ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื— ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืื” ืฉืœื”ื
07:06
in the waters off the East Coast of the United States.
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07:09
And in that lull,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
07:10
researchers noticed that endangered right whales in that region
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ืดืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื•ื—ื™ื.ืด
07:13
had fewer chemical markers of stress in their feces samples.
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ,
07:18
As one researcher I spoke to likes to say,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื.
07:20
"We were stressed, but the whales weren't."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืขื”
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื”.
07:25
Now you have to remember,
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07:26
we have evolved to be a visual species.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืจื•ืขืฉ
07:29
We really rely on our eyes.
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07:31
But marine life relies on sound
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ
07:33
the way that we rely on sight.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืจืคืœ ืกืžื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
07:37
For them, a noisy ocean
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ื—ื™ื,
07:39
may be as befuddling and even dangerous
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
07:43
as a dense fog is for us.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ.
07:46
And maybe sometimes that just means being a little more stressed,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”
07:50
maybe sometimes it means spending a little less time with the kids.
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”,
ืจืขืฉ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืฆื”.
07:53
Maybe some species can adapt.
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07:55
But some researchers worry that for endangered species
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ืื– ืงื—ื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืงื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™
07:58
already on the brink,
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ื“ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื•ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ.
08:00
noise may be enough to push them over the edge.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง 75, ืื•ืœื™ 76, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื•
08:03
So take, for example, the southern resident killer whales
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ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:06
that live in the waters off my hometown of Vancouver.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืืชื’ืจื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
08:09
There are only 75, maybe 76, animals left
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ื•ื”ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ื–ืœ.
08:12
in this population.
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08:14
And they're facing a lot of challenges.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืจืขืฉ.
08:16
There are chemical pollutants in these waters,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ืื•ืจืงื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื,
08:19
and they are running low on the salmon that they really rely on for food.
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 18 ืœ- 25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ
08:23
And then there's noise.
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ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืขืฉ ื—ื–ืง ืžืกื™ืจื”.
08:25
When researchers studied these and similar killer whales,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืื‘ืงื™ื
08:28
they found that they spend between 18 and 25 percent less time
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื’ืฉื’.
08:32
feeding in the presence of loud boat noise.
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื,
08:35
And that's a lot for a species that's already struggling
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ื”ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
08:38
to find enough food to thrive.
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ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
08:41
The good news, as I heard from all the researchers I spoke to,
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ื•ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืจืขื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
08:45
is that you can do something relatively easily about ocean noise.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
08:49
Unlike the wicked problems of climate change
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ืื– ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘- 2017,
08:51
and ocean acidification,
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08:53
you can just dial down the knob on ocean noise
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ
ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืื˜
08:56
and see almost immediate impacts.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆืจ ื”ืจื•
08:59
So for example, in 2017,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืงื” ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
09:01
the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority
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ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืŸ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:04
started asking ships to simply slow down
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09:06
when going through the Haro Strait,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ืงื ื“ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ืงืฉ,
09:08
where the southern resident killer whales are feeding in late summer.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:12
Slower ships are quieter ships.
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09:14
And because it's Canada, you can just ask,
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืž- 2017 ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื™ืชื•,
09:17
it can be voluntary.
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09:18
(Laughter)
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09:19
(Applause)
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ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
ื•ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ื›- 1.2 ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื.
09:24
In that 2017 trial, most of the ships complied,
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ืื• 24 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ.
09:27
adding about half an hour to their travel time,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
09:30
and reducing noise by about 1.2 decibels
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ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืื˜.
09:32
or 24 percent of noise intensity.
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ืื–, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื.
09:35
This year, they decided to extend the length of time
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09:38
and the area over which they're asking ships to slow down.
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ื‘- 2017, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ
ื’ื ื ืชื ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ืขื’ื™ื ื”
09:41
So hopefully that has a positive impact for these whales.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:46
In 2017, the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืจืขืฉ ืžืกืคื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื•
09:48
also introduced discounts in docking fees
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœื”ืŸ
09:51
for ships that are physically designed to be quieter.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื”
09:55
You know, weirdly, a lot of the noise from a ship like this
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ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:57
comes from the popping of tiny bubbles off the back of its propeller.
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืคื™ืจืกื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
10:01
And you can simply design a ship to do less of that
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ืฉืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:04
and to be quieter.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ืžื˜ืจื”
10:06
The International Maritime Organization has published a huge list of ways
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
ื‘- 50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื“ 2050.
10:10
that boats can be made quieter.
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ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“.
10:12
And they also have a target
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืกืคื™ื ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:15
of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from global shipping
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10:17
by 50 percent by 2050.
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10:20
And the great news is that these two things go hand in hand.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืœื•ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
10:23
On the whole, a more efficient ship is a quieter ship.
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ืฉื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื–ืืช,
ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืงืจื™ื ืกื™ืกืžื™ื™ื.
10:29
People have also invented quieter ways of hammering in the giant posts
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:33
needed for giant wind turbines, like this one,
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ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
10:35
and gentler ways of doing seismic surveys.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืฉื ืช 2020.
10:38
And there are some incentives for using quieter technologies.
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ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”
ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืžื” ืจืขืฉ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:42
The European Union, for example,
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10:43
has a healthy marine system directive for 2020.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื
10:47
And one of the ways that they define a healthy marine system
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจืขืฉ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
10:50
is by how much noise is going in those waters.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื
10:53
But on the whole, most waters remain completely unregulated
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ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื•ืžื ื˜ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
10:57
when it comes to ocean noise.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”.
11:00
But again, most of the scientists I spoke to
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:02
said that there's real momentum right now in policy circles
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
11:05
to pay attention to this issue
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11:06
and maybe do something about this issue.
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ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
11:09
We already know enough to say that quieter seas are healthier seas.
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ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉืงื˜ ืื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืฉืงื˜?
11:13
But now scientists are really scrambling to come up with the details.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœื ื•?
11:17
Just how quiet do we need to be?
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11:19
And where are the best places to make quiet or preserve quiet?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื
ืฉืจืขืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืœื ื˜ื”
11:23
And how best can we hush our noise?
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช.
11:27
And you know, I'm not trying to tell you
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11:29
that noise is the biggest environmental problem on the planet
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื“.
11:32
or even in the ocean.
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11:33
But the point is that humankind has a lot of impacts
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ื”ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืคืœื•ืช.
ืื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืืœื• ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช,
11:37
on our environmental system.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘.
11:40
And these impacts don't act in isolation.
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11:42
They act together, and they multiply.
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ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
11:44
So even for the ones that are not so obvious,
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื”.
11:47
we really need to pay attention to them.
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ืื– ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก,
ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืงื”,
11:51
I'll tell you about one last experiment,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืืœื™.
11:53
just because it's so beautiful.
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ื•ืฉื, ื”ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•
11:55
So Rob Williams,
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื ื™ื™ืคื™, ืื• ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜.
11:56
one of the researchers who works on southern resident killer whales,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืงืคื“
12:00
also does some work in Bali.
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12:01
And there, they celebrate a Hindu tradition
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ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืœื ืžืžืจื™ืื™ื ืžื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”,
12:03
called nyepi, or a day of silence.
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ืกื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ื’,
ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
12:06
And this day, apparently, is very strictly observed.
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12:09
No planes take off from the airport,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก ืฉื ืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉื
12:11
no boats go out fishing,
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”,
12:13
the tourists are gently led off the beach back into their hotel rooms.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกืื•ื ื“ ืฆื ื—ื• ื‘ืฉืฉ ืขื“ ืชืฉืข ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื,
ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”-9/11
12:18
And Rob Williams put some hydrophones in the water there
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12:20
to see what the impact was,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืดืžื—ืคืฉ ืืงื•ืกื˜ื™ืด ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืืžืก
12:22
and it was dramatic.
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12:23
Sound levels dropped by six to nine decibels,
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ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
ื”ื“ืžืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ื–ื”ื‘.
12:26
about the same as in the waters after 9/11.
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ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”
12:29
For an "acoustic prospector" like Williams,
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
12:32
which is what he calls himself,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื“ืœืŸ ื”ืืงื•ืกื˜ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
12:34
this silence is golden.
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(ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืข ืจืš)
12:36
Now he and other researchers can go back to this place
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื,
12:40
and see what the fish choose to do
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12:41
with all this additional acoustic real estate.
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ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’.
12:44
(Soft bubbling)
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ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ื’ืข ืฉืœื”ื
ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ืขืฉ.
12:48
I like to think of them having their own holiday,
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
12:51
feasting and finding mates.
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:53
Celebrating their own spot of calm
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12:55
in an otherwise noisy world.
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12:58
Thank you.
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12:59
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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