Chris Abani: On humanity | TED

74,355 views ใƒป 2008-07-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Amit Lampit ืžื‘ืงืจ: Eyal Peer
00:18
I just heard the best joke about Bond Emeruwa.
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ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืืžืจื•ืื” (ื‘ืžืื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข).
00:21
I was having lunch with him just a few minutes ago,
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ืื›ืœืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ืฆื”ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช,
00:24
and a Nigerian journalist comes -- and this will only make sense
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ื•ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉ -- ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืื
00:26
if you've ever watched a James Bond movie --
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ืฆืคื™ืชื ืื™-ืคืขื ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“ --
00:29
and a Nigerian journalist comes up to him and goes,
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ื•ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
00:31
"Aha, we meet again, Mr. Bond!"
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"ืื”ื”, ืื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืจ ื‘ื•ื ื“!"
00:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:36
It was great.
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ืื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
00:37
So, I've got a little sheet of paper here,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ,
00:41
mostly because I'm Nigerian and if you leave me alone,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื™ื’ืจื™, ื•ืื ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“,
00:43
I'll talk for like two hours.
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ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื.
00:45
I just want to say good afternoon, good evening.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื—ืจ-ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:51
It's been an incredible few days.
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
00:53
It's downhill from now on. I wanted to thank Emeka and Chris.
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ืžื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ืœืจื“ืช. ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืืžืงื” ื•ืœื›ืจื™ืก.
00:56
But also, most importantly, all the invisible people behind TED
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจ
01:00
that you just see flitting around the whole place
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ืฉืื•ืชื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
01:03
that have made sort of this space for such a diverse and robust conversation.
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ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื›ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืื™ืชื ื”.
01:09
It's really amazing.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
01:12
I've been in the audience.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื”ืœ.
01:14
I'm a writer, and I've been watching people with the slide shows
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ืื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ, ื•ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช
01:18
and scientists and bankers, and I've been feeling a bit
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ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ืงืื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืงืฆืช
01:22
like a gangsta rapper at a bar mitzvah.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื’ืกื˜ื”-ืจืืคืจ ื‘ื‘ืจ-ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
01:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:27
Like, what have I got to say about all this?
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืžื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
01:31
And I was watching Jane [Goodall] yesterday,
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ื•ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ (ื’ื•ื“ื•ื•ืœ) ืืชืžื•ืœ,
01:33
and I thought it was really great, and I was watching
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืฆืคื™ืชื™
01:35
those incredible slides of the chimpanzees, and I thought,
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ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
01:39
"Wow. What if a chimpanzee could talk, you know? What would it say?"
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"ื•ืื•ื•. ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื? ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ?"
01:44
My first thought was, "Well, you know, there's George Bush."
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื”, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื‘ื•ืฉ."
01:46
But then I thought, "Why be rude to chimpanzees?"
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ืœืžื” ืœื”ืขืœื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื?"
01:52
I guess there goes my green card.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืืื‘ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืงืืจื“ ืฉืœื™.
01:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:56
There's been a lot of talk about narrative in Africa.
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ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื ืจืื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
01:59
And what's become increasingly clear to me is that
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื”
02:03
we're talking about news stories about Africa;
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”
02:06
we're not really talking about African narratives.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืจืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื.
02:08
And it's important to make a distinction, because if the news is anything to go by,
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืื ื• ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
02:12
40 percent of Americans can't -- either can't afford health insurance
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40 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
02:18
or have the most inadequate health insurance,
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ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื•,
02:21
and have a president who, despite the protest
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื—ืืชื
02:24
of millions of his citizens -- even his own Congress --
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื -- ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœื• --
02:27
continues to prosecute a senseless war.
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ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
02:30
So if news is anything to go by,
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ืื– ืื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืžื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
02:32
the U.S. is right there with Zimbabwe, right?
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื–ื™ืžื‘ื‘ื•ืื”, ื”ืœื ื›ืš?
02:35
Which it isn't really, is it?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:39
And talking about war, my girlfriend has this great t-shirt
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ื•ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” -- ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช
02:41
that says, "Bombing for peace is like fucking for virginity."
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ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘, "ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ."
02:46
It's amazing, isn't it?
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืœื?
02:49
The truth is, everything we know about America,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื -- ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
02:58
everything Americans come to know about being American,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
03:00
isn't from the news.
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ืœื ื‘ื ืžื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
03:02
I live there.
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ื”ื•ื -- ืื ื—ื ื• -- ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื.
03:04
We don't go home at the end of the day and think,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
03:06
"Well, I really know who I am now
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"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
03:07
because the Wall Street Journal says that the Stock Exchange
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’'ื•ืจื ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกื”
03:11
closed at this many points."
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ื ืกื’ืจื• ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื–ื”."
03:13
What we know about how to be who we are comes from stories.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
03:16
It comes from the novels, the movies, the fashion magazines.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืžื™ืจื—ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”.
03:19
It comes from popular culture.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช.
03:21
In other words, it's the agents of our imagination
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืœื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
03:23
who really shape who we are. And this is important to remember,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•. ื•ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ,
03:27
because in Africa
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
03:30
the complicated questions we want to ask about
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ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™
03:34
what all of this means has been asked
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฉืืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
03:36
from the rock paintings of the San people,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืœืข ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉืžื ื™ื,
03:40
through the Sundiata epics of Mali, to modern contemporary literature.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืืœื™, ื•ืขื“ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื‘ืช ื–ืžื ื ื•.
03:44
If you want to know about Africa, read our literature --
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• --
03:47
and not just "Things Fall Apart," because that would be like saying,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืืช "ืžืคื•ืœืช ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืื•ืคื™ื”," ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
03:51
"I've read 'Gone with the Wind' and so I know everything about America."
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"ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช 'ื—ืœืฃ ืขื ื”ืจื•ื—,' ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”."
03:55
That's very important.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
03:57
There's a poem by Jack Gilbert called "The Forgotten Dialect of the Heart."
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ืžืืช ื’'ืง ื’ื™ืœื‘ืจื˜ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ ื”ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘".
04:01
He says, "When the Sumerian tablets were first translated,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ื›ืฉื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจื’ืžื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
04:06
they were thought to be business records.
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ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช.
04:09
But what if they were poems and psalms?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื?
04:11
My love is like twelve Ethiopian goats
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ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืขื™ื–ื™ื ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื•ืช
04:15
standing still in the morning light.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจ.
04:19
Shiploads of thuja are what my body wants to say to your body.
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ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื— ื”ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื•ืคืš.
04:24
Giraffes are this desire in the dark."
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ื’'ื™ืจืคื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”."
04:28
This is important.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
04:29
It's important because misreading is really the chance
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ืื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:32
for complication and opportunity.
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ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
04:34
The first Igbo Bible was translated from English
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื•ืจื’ืžื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื•
04:38
in about the 1800s by Bishop Crowther,
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”- 19 ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืงืจืื•ื˜ืจ,
04:40
who was a Yoruba.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืจื•ื‘ื”.
04:41
And it's important to know Igbo is a tonal language,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ื’ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืคื” ื˜ื•ื ืืœื™ืช,
04:44
and so they'll say the word "igwe" and "igwe":
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืื™ื’ื•ื•ื”" ื•- "ืื™ื’ื•ื•ื”":
04:48
same spelling, one means "sky" or "heaven,"
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ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื”, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื "ืฉืžื™ื™ื" ืื• "ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ",
04:52
and one means "bicycle" or "iron."
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ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื "ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื" ืื• "ื‘ืจื–ืœ".
04:55
So "God is in heaven surrounded by His angels"
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ื•"
04:59
was translated as --
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ืชื•ืจื’ื ื› --
05:01
[Igbo].
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(ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืื™ื’ื‘ื•)
05:05
And for some reason, in Cameroon, when they tried
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ื•ืžืื•ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื™ืกื•
05:07
to translate the Bible into Cameroonian patois,
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ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื™ื‘ ื”ืงืžืจื•ื ื™,
05:09
they chose the Igbo version.
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืื™ื’ื‘ื™ืช.
05:11
And I'm not going to give you the patois translation;
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื ื™ื‘ ื–ื”;
05:13
I'm going to make it standard English.
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ืื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
05:14
Basically, it ends up as "God is on a bicycle with his angels."
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ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื: "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ื•".
05:21
This is good, because language complicates things.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉืคื” ืžืกื‘ื›ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:26
You know, we often think that language mirrors
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉืคื” ืžืฉืงืคืช
05:28
the world in which we live, and I find that's not true.
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช.
05:32
The language actually makes the world in which we live.
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ื”ืฉืคื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:37
Language is not -- I mean, things don't have
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ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื ืœื -- ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ
05:39
any mutable value by themselves; we ascribe them a value.
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ืขืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื; ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืขืจืš.
05:42
And language can't be understood in its abstraction.
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ื•ืฉืคื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
05:45
It can only be understood in the context of story,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
05:47
and everything, all of this is story.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ -- ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” -- ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
05:51
And it's important to remember that,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
05:53
because if we don't, then we become ahistorical.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืœื, ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.
05:57
We've had a lot of -- a parade of amazing ideas here.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ -- ืžืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
06:00
But these are not new to Africa.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”.
06:02
Nigeria got its independence in 1960.
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ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘- 1960.
06:05
The first time the possibility for independence was discussed
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ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื ื“ื•ื ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช,
06:09
was in 1922, following the Aba women's market riots.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘- 1922, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืื‘ื”.
06:13
In 1967, in the middle of the Biafran-Nigerian Civil War,
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ื‘- 1967, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืช (ืžืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื™ืืคืจื”),
06:17
Dr. Njoku-Obi invented the Cholera vaccine.
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ื“"ืจ ื ื’'ื•ืงื•-ืื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœืจื”.
06:21
So, you know, the thing is to remember that
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
06:23
because otherwise, 10 years from now,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
06:25
we'll be back here trying to tell this story again.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืกืคืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
06:29
So, what it says to me then is that it's not really --
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ืื–... ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื --
06:34
the problem isn't really the stories that are being told
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจื™ื
06:36
or which stories are being told,
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ืื• ืื™ืœื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืจื™ื;
06:38
the problem really is the terms of humanity
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
06:41
that we're willing to bring to complicate every story,
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื‘ืš ื›ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
06:44
and that's really what it's all about.
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:47
Let me tell you a Nigerian joke.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืช.
06:49
Well, it's just a joke, anyway.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ.
06:51
So there's Tom, Dick and Harry and they're working construction.
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ื˜ื•ื, ื“ื™ืง ื•ื”ืืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื”.
06:55
And Tom opens up his lunch box and there's rice in it,
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ื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื•ืจื–,
06:58
and he goes on this rant about, "Twenty years,
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืœื”ื, "ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”,
07:00
my wife has been packing rice for lunch.
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ืื™ืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืœื™ ืื•ืจื– ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื.
07:02
If she does it again tomorrow, I'm going to throw myself
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ืื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื’ื ืžื—ืจ, ืื ื™ ื–ื•ืจืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
07:04
off this building and kill myself."
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ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžืชืื‘ื“."
07:06
And Dick and Harry repeat this.
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ื•ื“ื™ืง ื•ื”ืืจื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
07:08
The next day, Tom opens his lunchbox, there's rice,
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ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื•ืจื–,
07:10
so he throws himself off and kills himself,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืคืฅ ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืื‘ื“,
07:12
and Tom, Dick and Harry follow.
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ื•ื“ื™ืง ื•ื”ืืจื™ ืžืชืื‘ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•.
07:14
And now the inquest -- you know, Tom's wife
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื” -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื
07:16
and Dick's wife are distraught.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืง ืื‘ืœื•ืช.
07:17
They wished they'd not packed rice.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ืจื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืจื–.
07:19
But Harry's wife is confused, because she said, "You know,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืืชืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช,
07:22
Harry had been packing his own lunch for 20 years."
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ื”ืืจื™ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ืจ 20 ืฉื ื”."
07:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:29
This seemingly innocent joke, when I heard it as a child in Nigeria,
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ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื›ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
07:34
was told about Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืื™ื’ื‘ื•, ื™ื•ืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืกื” (ืขืžื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื),
07:36
with the Hausa being Harry.
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ื•ื”ื”ืื•ืกื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืืจื™.
07:38
So what seems like an eccentric if tragic joke about Harry
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืžื” ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจื™
07:42
becomes a way to spread ethnic hatred.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืฉื ืื” ืืชื ื™ืช.
07:46
My father was educated in Cork, in the University of Cork, in the '50s.
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ืš ื‘ืงื•ืจืง, ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจืง, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
07:50
In fact, every time I read in Ireland,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“,
07:52
people get me all mistaken and they say,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
07:54
"Oh, this is Chris O'Barney from Cork."
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"ื–ื”ื• ื›ืจื™ืก ืื•'ื‘ืจื ื™ ืžืงื•ืจืง."
07:56
But he was also in Oxford in the '50s,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื,
08:00
and yet growing up as a child in Nigeria,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• -- ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
08:02
my father used to say to me, "You must never eat or drink
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ืื‘ื™ ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™, "ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืฉืชื” ืื• ืชืื›ืœ
08:05
in a Yoruba person's house because they will poison you."
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืจืขื™ืœื• ืื•ืชืš."
08:10
It makes sense now when I think about it,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™,
08:12
because if you'd known my father,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืื‘ื™,
08:13
you would've wanted to poison him too.
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ื’ื ืืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
08:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:21
So I was born in 1966, at the beginning
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘- 1966, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื”
08:25
of the Biafran-Nigerian Civil War, and the war ended after three years.
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ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืช,
08:31
And I was growing up in school and the federal government
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช
08:34
didn't want us taught about the history of the war,
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ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืฉื ืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”,
08:37
because they thought it probably would make us
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื•
08:40
generate a new generation of rebels.
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ืœื’ื“ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื.
08:42
So I had a very inventive teacher, a Pakistani Muslim,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื™, ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™,
08:45
who wanted to teach us about this.
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ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:47
So what he did was to teach us Jewish Holocaust history,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืฉื•ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื,
08:51
and so huddled around books with photographs of people in Auschwitz,
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ,
08:56
I learned the melancholic history of my people
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฉืœื™
08:59
through the melancholic history of another people.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื ืื—ืจ.
09:01
I mean, picture this -- really picture this.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ -- ืฉืขืจื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื›ื.
09:03
A Pakistani Muslim teaching Jewish Holocaust history
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ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื
09:08
to young Igbo children.
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ืื™ื’ื‘ื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
09:09
Story is powerful.
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ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—.
09:11
Story is fluid and it belongs to nobody.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืœ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืื™ืฉ.
09:13
And it should come as no surprise
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ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชืข
09:15
that my first novel at 16 was about Neo-Nazis
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ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 16 ืขืกืง ื‘ื ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ื
09:18
taking over Nigeria to institute the Fourth Reich.
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ืฉืžืฉืชืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™.
09:21
It makes perfect sense.
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:22
And they were to blow up strategic targets
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช
09:26
and take over the country, and they were foiled
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ืฉื•
09:28
by a Nigerian James Bond called Coyote Williams,
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ืข"ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก,
09:32
and a Jewish Nazi hunter.
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ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ -- ืฆื™ื™ื“ ื ืืฆื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.
09:35
And it happened over four continents.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.
09:36
And when the book came out, I was heralded as Africa's answer
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ, ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื™ ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช
09:39
to Frederick Forsyth, which is a dubious honor at best.
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ืœืคืจื“ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืจืกื™ื™ื˜, ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:43
But also, the book was launched in time for me to be accused
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช, ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ื™
09:46
of constructing the blueprint for a foiled coup attempt.
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ื›ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื›ื•ืฉืœ.
09:50
So at 18, I was bonded off to prison in Nigeria.
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18, ื ืฉืคื˜ืชื™ ืœืžืืกืจ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”.
09:55
I grew up very privileged, and it's important
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก, ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:56
to talk about privilege, because we don't talk about it here.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื—ื•ืก, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืืŸ.
09:59
A lot of us are very privileged.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื.
10:01
I grew up -- servants, cars, televisions, all that stuff.
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ -- ืžืฉืจืชื™ื, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:05
My story of Nigeria growing up was very different from the story
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
10:08
I encountered in prison, and I had no language for it.
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ืื•ืชื• ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš.
10:12
I was completely terrified, completely broken,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืคื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
10:16
and kept trying to find a new language,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
10:20
a new way to make sense of all of this.
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ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:23
Six months after that, with no explanation,
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ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืชืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื,
10:26
they let me go.
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ื”ื ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื™.
10:27
Now for those of you who have seen me at the buffet tables know
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ืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืจืื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืคื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
10:29
that it was because it was costing them too much to feed me.
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ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื” ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™.
10:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:41
But I mean, I grew up with this incredible privilege,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืขื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:43
and not just me -- millions of Nigerians
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื ื™ -- ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื
10:45
grew up with books and libraries.
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ื’ื“ืœื• ืขื ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช.
10:47
In fact, we were talking last night about how all
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื›ืœ
10:51
of the steamy novels of Harold Robbins
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ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืœื“ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืก
10:53
had done more for sex education of horny teenage boys in Africa
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ืชืจืžื• ืœื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื™ื ื—ืจืžื ื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
10:57
than any sex education programs ever had.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื•.
11:01
All of those are gone.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื ืขืœืžื•.
11:03
We are squandering the most valuable resource
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:05
we have on this continent: the valuable resource
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื–ื•: ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื™ืงืจ
11:07
of the imagination.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
11:09
In the film, "Sometimes in April" by Raoul Peck,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ "ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ" ืฉืœ ืจืื•ืœ ืคืง,
11:12
Idris Elba is poised in a scene with his machete raised,
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ืื™ื“ืจื™ืก ืืœื‘ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกืฆื ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฆ'ื˜ื” ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืจืžืช,
11:16
and he's being forced by a crowd to chop up his best friend --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืืœืฅ ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• --
11:20
fellow Rwandan Army officer, albeit a Tutsi --
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ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื™, ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื˜ื•ื˜ืกื™
11:23
played by Fraser James.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก.
11:25
And Fraser's on his knees, arms tied behind his back,
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ื•ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื, ื™ื“ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘,
11:29
and he's crying.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื›ื”.
11:31
He's sniveling.
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ืืคื• ื ื•ื–ืœ.
11:32
It's a pitiful sight.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืจืื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืจื—ืžื™ื.
11:33
And as we watch it, we are ashamed.
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืืฉืžื”.
11:38
And we want to say to Idris, "Chop him up.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืื™ื“ืจื™ืก, "ื‘ืชืจ ืื•ืชื•.
11:41
Shut him up."
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ื”ืฉืชืง ืื•ืชื•."
11:43
And as Idris moves, Fraser screams, "Stop!
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ื•ืฉื›ืื™ื“ืจื™ืก ื–ื–, ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืง ื–ื•ืขืง, "ืขืฆื•ืจ!
11:47
Please stop!"
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืฆื•ืจ!"
11:49
Idris pauses, then he moves again,
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ืื™ื“ืจื™ืก ืžืฉืชื”ื”, ืื– ื”ื•ื ื–ื– ืฉื•ื‘,
11:52
and Fraser says, "Please!
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ื•ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ, "ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”!
11:55
Please stop!"
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืฆื•ืจ!"
11:57
And it's not the look of horror and terror on Fraser's face that stops Idris or us;
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืจืื” ืคื ื™ื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืขืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืื™ื“ืจื™ืก ืื• ืื•ืชื ื•;
12:03
it's the look in Fraser's eyes.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ.
12:05
It's one that says, "Don't do this.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืื•ืžืจ, "ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
12:09
And I'm not saying this to save myself,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
12:11
although this would be nice. I'm doing it to save you,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“; ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชืš,
12:15
because if you do this, you will be lost."
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืชืื‘ื“."
12:19
To be so afraid that you're standing in the face
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ืžืคื•ื—ื“ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“
12:22
of a death you can't escape and that you're soiling yourself
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื•ืชืš ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข ื•ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื
12:24
and crying, but to say in that moment,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข,
12:26
as Fraser says to Idris, "Tell my girlfriend I love her."
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื™ื“ืจื™ืก, "ืžืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื”".
12:30
In that moment, Fraser says,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข, ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ,
12:34
"I am lost already, but not you ... not you."
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"ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืชื” ... ืœื ืืชื”."
12:39
This is a redemption we can all aspire to.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืืœื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื.
12:42
African narratives in the West, they proliferate.
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ื ืจืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื”ื ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
12:46
I really don't care anymore.
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ืœื™ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:47
I'm more interested in the stories we tell about ourselves --
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• --
12:51
how as a writer, I find that African writers
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื•ืคืจ, ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
12:56
have always been the curators of our humanity on this continent.
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ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื–ื•.
12:59
The question is, how do I balance narratives that are wonderful
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื™ ืžืื–ืŸ ื ืจืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื
13:05
with narratives of wounds and self-loathing?
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ืขื ื ืจืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฆืขื™ื ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ืขืฆืžื™?
13:09
And this is the difficulty that I face.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœ.
13:12
I am trying to move beyond political rhetoric
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื— ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
13:14
to a place of ethical questioning.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืืชื™.
13:16
I am asking us to balance the idea
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
13:19
of our complete vulnerability with the complete notion
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
13:23
of transformation of what is possible.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื• ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื™.
13:25
As a young middle-class Nigerian activist,
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ื›ืคืขื™ืœ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ ืžืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
13:27
I launched myself along with a whole generation of us
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ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
13:30
into the campaign to stop the government.
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ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
13:33
And I asked millions of people,
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
13:35
without questioning my right to do so,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
13:37
to go up against the government.
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ืœืงื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
13:39
And I watched them being locked up in prison and tear gassed.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื ื›ืœืื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืกืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื– ืžื“ืžื™ืข.
13:41
I justified it, and I said, "This is the cost of revolution.
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ื”ืฆื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”.
13:44
Have I not myself been imprisoned?
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ื”ืœื ื’ื ืื ื™ ื ื›ืœืืชื™?
13:46
Have I not myself been beaten?"
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ื”ืœื ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ื™ืชื™?"
13:48
It wasn't until later, when I was imprisoned again,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ืœืืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘,
13:51
that I understood the real meaning of torture,
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ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ื ื•ื™,
13:53
and how easy your humanity can be taken from you,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžืš ืืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชืš.
13:56
for the time I was engaged in war,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”,
13:59
righteous, righteous war.
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ืฆื•ื“ืงืช, ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช.
14:02
Excuse me.
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ืกืœื—ื• ืœื™.
14:05
Sometimes I can stand before the world --
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
14:07
and when I say this, transformation
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
14:09
is a difficult and slow process --
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ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฉื” ื•ืื™ื˜ื™.
14:11
sometimes I can stand before the world and say,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
14:14
"My name is Chris Abani.
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"ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื™ ื›ืจื™ืก ืื‘ืื ื™.
14:16
I have been human six days, but only sometimes."
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื ืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื™ื."
14:19
But this is a good thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
14:21
It's never going to be easy.
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ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ.
14:23
There are no answers.
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ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
14:25
As I was telling Rachel from Google Earth,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืž- Google Earth
14:27
that I had challenged my students in America --
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ืฉืืชื’ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” --
14:29
I said, "You don't know anything about Africa, you're all idiots."
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื."
14:32
And so they said, "Tell me about Africa, Professor Abani."
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืื‘ืื ื™."
14:35
So I went to Google Earth and learned about Africa.
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ืื– ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœ- Google Earth ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
14:38
And the truth be told, this is it, isn't it?
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ืœ, ืœื?
14:41
There are no essential Africans,
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ืื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
14:42
and most of us are as completely ignorant as everyone else
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
14:44
about the continent we come from,
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ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช ืžืžื ื” ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื,
14:46
and yet we want to make profound statements about it.
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืชื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”,
14:49
And I think if we can just admit that we're all trying
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื
14:51
to approximate the truth of our own communities,
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ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
14:54
it will make for a much more nuanced
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ื–ื” ื™ืชืŸ ื ื•ืคืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ
14:56
and a much more interesting conversation.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื—.
14:59
I want to believe that we can be agnostic about this,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš,
15:03
that we can rise above all of this.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
15:05
When I was 10, I read James Baldwin's "Another Country,"
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 10, ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื™ืŸ "ืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช",
15:09
and that book broke me.
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ื•ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื™.
15:11
Not because I was encountering homosexual sex and love
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื™ื
15:14
for the first time, but because the way James wrote about it
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ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”
15:17
made it impossible for me to attach otherness to it.
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ืœื ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช.
15:20
"Here," Jimmy said.
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"ื”ื ื”," ืืžืจ ื’'ื™ืžื™.
15:22
"Here is love, all of it."
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"ื”ื ื” ืื”ื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ื–ื”."
15:24
The fact that it happens in "Another Country"
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘- "ืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช"
15:26
takes you quite by surprise.
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ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
15:29
My friend Ronald Gottesman says there are three kinds of people in the world:
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืจื•ื ืœื“ ื’ื•ื˜ืกืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
15:31
those who can count, and those who can't.
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ืืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ, ื•ืืœื” ืฉืœื.
15:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:38
He also says that the cause of all our trouble
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช
15:41
is the belief in an essential, pure identity:
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”:
15:44
religious, ethnic, historical, ideological.
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ื“ืชื™ืช, ืืชื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
15:49
I want to leave you with a poem by Yusef Komunyakaa
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืจื“ ืžื›ื ืขื ืฉื™ืจ ืžืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืืงื”
15:52
that speaks to transformation.
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ืฉืงื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
15:55
It's called "Ode to the Drum," and I'll try and read it
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ืคื•ืืžื” ืœืชื•ืฃ", ื•ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•
15:58
the way Yusef would be proud to hear it read.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื’ืื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืงืจื.
16:04
"Gazelle, I killed you for your skin's exquisite touch,
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"ืฆื‘ื™, ื”ืจื’ืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื’ืขื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš,
16:10
for how easy it is to be nailed to a board
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ื›ื™ ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืกืžืจ ืœืœื•ื—
16:13
weathered raw as white butcher paper.
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ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื ื™ื™ืจ ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืŸ.
16:17
Last night I heard my daughter praying for the meat here at my feet.
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ืืžืฉ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžืชืคืœืœืช ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™.
16:22
You know it wasn't anger that made me stop my heart till the hammer fell.
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื–ืขื ืืฉืจ ื’ืจื ืœืœื™ื‘ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืคืœ.
16:26
Weeks ago, you broke me as a woman
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ, ืฉื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืืฉื”
16:29
once shattered me into a song beneath her weight,
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ื ืคืฆืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื™ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžืฉืงืœื”,
16:33
before you slouched into that grassy hush.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฆืขื“ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื‘ื™ื.
16:36
And now I'm tightening lashes, shaped in hide as if around a ribcage,
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ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื”ื“ืง ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžื—ื‘ื•ื ื›ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ื”,
16:41
shaped like five bowstrings.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ืžืฉ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช.
16:43
Ghosts cannot slip back inside the body's drum.
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ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
16:46
You've been seasoned by wind, dusk and sunlight.
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ืชื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืจื•ื—, ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
16:50
Pressure can make everything whole again.
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ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœืžื•ืชื•,
16:54
Brass nails tacked into the ebony wood,
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ืžืกืžืจื™ ืคืœื™ื– ื ืขื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืฅ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ื ื”
16:56
your face has been carved five times.
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ืคื ื™ืš ื‘ื•ืชืจื• ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.
16:59
I have to drive trouble in the hills.
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ืขืœื™ ืœืฉืืช ืžื•ืขืงื” ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื.
17:01
Trouble in the valley,
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ืžื•ืขืงื” ืืœ ื”ืขืžืง.
17:03
and trouble by the river too.
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ื•ืžื•ืขืงื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื ื”ืจ.
17:05
There is no palm wine, fish, salt, or calabash.
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืžืจื™ื, ื“ื’, ืžืœื— ืื• ื“ืœืขืช.
17:09
Kadoom. Kadoom. Kadoom.
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ืงืื“ื•ื. ืงืื“ื•ื. ืงืื“ื•ื.
17:13
Ka-doooom.
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ืงื-ื“ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื.
17:15
Now I have beaten a song back into you.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืœืžืชื™ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ืš,
17:19
Rise and walk away like a panther."
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ืงื•ื ื•ืœืš ื›ืžื• ืคื ืชืจ."
17:23
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
17:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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