Chris Abani: On humanity | TED

73,732 views ・ 2008-07-22

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譯者: Wen Chao 審譯者: Paoli Lee
00:18
I just heard the best joke about Bond Emeruwa.
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我剛聽到一個關於Bond Emeruwa 最好笑的笑話
00:21
I was having lunch with him just a few minutes ago,
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幾分鐘前我們一塊共進午餐時
00:24
and a Nigerian journalist comes -- and this will only make sense
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碰到一個奈及利亞記者
00:26
if you've ever watched a James Bond movie --
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你得看過007電影,你才會覺得好笑
00:29
and a Nigerian journalist comes up to him and goes,
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這名奈及利亞記者走向他,,然後說著
00:31
"Aha, we meet again, Mr. Bond!"
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"哈! 龐德先生,我們又見面了"
00:34
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:36
It was great.
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哈!很經典吧!
00:37
So, I've got a little sheet of paper here,
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我這有張小抄
00:41
mostly because I'm Nigerian and if you leave me alone,
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可能因為我是奈及利亞人,如果你們不阻止我
00:43
I'll talk for like two hours.
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我可以說上..嗯....整整2小時
00:45
I just want to say good afternoon, good evening.
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不過,我現在只想說午安!晚安!
00:51
It's been an incredible few days.
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這些日子真令人難以置信
00:53
It's downhill from now on. I wanted to thank Emeka and Chris.
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這種經歷以後不可能再有了!在這我想先謝謝Emeka 還有Chris
00:56
But also, most importantly, all the invisible people behind TED
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當然還有最重要的,所有這些不為人知的幕後功臣
01:00
that you just see flitting around the whole place
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這些你們看得到的點點滴滴
01:03
that have made sort of this space for such a diverse and robust conversation.
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讓這地方充滿各種多彩多姿及精彩絕倫的對話
01:09
It's really amazing.
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這真是太棒了!
01:12
I've been in the audience.
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我也曾坐在台下當個聽眾
01:14
I'm a writer, and I've been watching people with the slide shows
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我是個作家,看著這些科學家和銀行家們
01:18
and scientists and bankers, and I've been feeling a bit
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一張張秀著自己帶來的幻燈片
01:22
like a gangsta rapper at a bar mitzvah.
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我的感覺像是在猶太男孩成年禮現場,看著饒舌歌手在說唱
01:25
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:27
Like, what have I got to say about all this?
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為什麼我要說這些呢?
01:31
And I was watching Jane [Goodall] yesterday,
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昨天聽到珍古德演講
01:33
and I thought it was really great, and I was watching
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非常棒!
01:35
those incredible slides of the chimpanzees, and I thought,
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當我看著黑猩猩的幻燈片時,我想著
01:39
"Wow. What if a chimpanzee could talk, you know? What would it say?"
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哇!如果黑猩猩會說話,它會說什麼呢?
01:44
My first thought was, "Well, you know, there's George Bush."
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第一個想到是竟然是"喬治布希"
01:46
But then I thought, "Why be rude to chimpanzees?"
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但我後來又想"怎麼可以對黑猩猩這麼無禮呢?"
01:52
I guess there goes my green card.
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糟糕,這下我的綠卡泡湯了!
01:54
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:56
There's been a lot of talk about narrative in Africa.
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人們開始談論著很多非洲的故事
01:59
And what's become increasingly clear to me is that
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但在我看來
02:03
we're talking about news stories about Africa;
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說的都只是關於非洲的新聞
02:06
we're not really talking about African narratives.
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並沒有真正接觸到代表非洲的作品
02:08
And it's important to make a distinction, because if the news is anything to go by,
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這差別很大,因為新聞如果真的可信
02:12
40 percent of Americans can't -- either can't afford health insurance
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那麼有40%的美國人繳不起保費
02:18
or have the most inadequate health insurance,
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或者是最低額的健康保險都負擔不起
02:21
and have a president who, despite the protest
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而現任的總統(布希)
02:24
of millions of his citizens -- even his own Congress --
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不顧人民反對,甚至是國會的抗議
02:27
continues to prosecute a senseless war.
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也堅持發動戰爭
02:30
So if news is anything to go by,
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所以如果只看新聞報導
02:32
the U.S. is right there with Zimbabwe, right?
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那美國和辛巴威豈不一樣?
02:35
Which it isn't really, is it?
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那事實果真如此嗎?
02:39
And talking about war, my girlfriend has this great t-shirt
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講到戰爭,不能不提到我女朋友那件很酷的T恤
02:41
that says, "Bombing for peace is like fucking for virginity."
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上面印著:為獲取和平而發動戰爭如同為了保持貞操而做愛
02:46
It's amazing, isn't it?
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超酷的!對吧?
02:49
The truth is, everything we know about America,
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事實上,關於我們所知道的美國
02:58
everything Americans come to know about being American,
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以及美國人眼中的美國
03:00
isn't from the news.
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並非源於這些新聞
03:02
I live there.
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我們生活的社會也是如此
03:04
We don't go home at the end of the day and think,
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我們不會忙了一天回到家後,突然想到
03:06
"Well, I really know who I am now
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"啊!我終於知道我是誰了
03:07
because the Wall Street Journal says that the Stock Exchange
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因為根據華爾街日報
03:11
closed at this many points."
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今天道瓊是收在多少多少點"
03:13
What we know about how to be who we are comes from stories.
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我們知道自己是誰是因為故事的關係
03:16
It comes from the novels, the movies, the fashion magazines.
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它可以是小說,是電影,是時尚雜誌
03:19
It comes from popular culture.
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它是源於流行文化
03:21
In other words, it's the agents of our imagination
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換句話說,這些是能激發我們想像力的原動力
03:23
who really shape who we are. And this is important to remember,
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成就了對自我的認同,這點很重要一定要記住
03:27
because in Africa
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因為,即便在非洲
03:30
the complicated questions we want to ask about
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關於"我是誰"這種複雜的人生問題
03:34
what all of this means has been asked
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也透過不同方式
03:36
from the rock paintings of the San people,
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舉凡古老桑族人的岩畫
03:40
through the Sundiata epics of Mali, to modern contemporary literature.
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馬里人的史詩,直到當代文學都曾被探討過
03:44
If you want to know about Africa, read our literature --
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如果你想了解非洲,請讀我們的文學作品
03:47
and not just "Things Fall Apart," because that would be like saying,
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"Things Fall Apart"所描述的並非非洲全貌
03:51
"I've read 'Gone with the Wind' and so I know everything about America."
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你總不會以為看過"亂世佳人",就懂美國,這是一樣的道理
03:55
That's very important.
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這很重要
03:57
There's a poem by Jack Gilbert called "The Forgotten Dialect of the Heart."
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Jack Gilbert有首詩叫做”遺忘的心靈片語”
04:01
He says, "When the Sumerian tablets were first translated,
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裡頭寫到”當蘇美爾石板第一次被翻譯出來時
04:06
they were thought to be business records.
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人們以為那是商業紀錄
04:09
But what if they were poems and psalms?
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但你又怎麼知道那不會是詩歌或詩篇呢?
04:11
My love is like twelve Ethiopian goats
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我的愛如同12隻埃塞俄比亞的山羊
04:15
standing still in the morning light.
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佇立在早晨的暮光中
04:19
Shiploads of thuja are what my body wants to say to your body.
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藉由滿山遍野的崖柏表達我的心意
04:24
Giraffes are this desire in the dark."
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以及內心最深處的渴望"
04:28
This is important.
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這很重要
04:29
It's important because misreading is really the chance
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因為誤解往往造成
04:32
for complication and opportunity.
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更多的誤解
04:34
The first Igbo Bible was translated from English
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18世紀時,聖經第一次傳入奈及利亞
04:38
in about the 1800s by Bishop Crowther,
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是主教Crowther 將英文版翻譯成伊格博語的
04:40
who was a Yoruba.
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他是約魯巴人
04:41
And it's important to know Igbo is a tonal language,
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重點是伊格博語是帶聲調的語言
04:44
and so they'll say the word "igwe" and "igwe":
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當你說"igwe"及"igwe"時
04:48
same spelling, one means "sky" or "heaven,"
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雖然拼音相同,但一個指"天空"或"天堂"
04:52
and one means "bicycle" or "iron."
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另一個則是"自行車"或"鐵"
04:55
So "God is in heaven surrounded by His angels"
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所以當"上帝在天堂,天使們圍繞在旁"
04:59
was translated as --
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被翻譯成
05:01
[Igbo].
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(伊格博語)
05:05
And for some reason, in Cameroon, when they tried
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不知為何,喀麥隆有個民族
05:07
to translate the Bible into Cameroonian patois,
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在翻譯聖經時
05:09
they chose the Igbo version.
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使用的是伊格博語版本
05:11
And I'm not going to give you the patois translation;
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我就跳過喀麥隆語言的翻譯
05:13
I'm going to make it standard English.
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直接用英文來表達
05:14
Basically, it ends up as "God is on a bicycle with his angels."
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總之,這句話變成"上帝坐在自行車上,天使們圍繞在旁"
05:21
This is good, because language complicates things.
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這個例子說明了語言往往使事情更加複雜
05:26
You know, we often think that language mirrors
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我們總以為語言是一面鏡子
05:28
the world in which we live, and I find that's not true.
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能反映我們所存在的世界,我發現這是錯的
05:32
The language actually makes the world in which we live.
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事實上,語言造就了我們的世界
05:37
Language is not -- I mean, things don't have
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萬事萬物本身並沒有價值
05:39
any mutable value by themselves; we ascribe them a value.
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價值是我們賦予它的
05:42
And language can't be understood in its abstraction.
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所以單單要了解語言的抽象是不可能的
05:45
It can only be understood in the context of story,
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只有在故事中
05:47
and everything, all of this is story.
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語言才有意義
05:51
And it's important to remember that,
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這很重要
05:53
because if we don't, then we become ahistorical.
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否則,我們就變成罔顧史實的人了
05:57
We've had a lot of -- a parade of amazing ideas here.
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在這裡,我們看到很多令人激賞的創意
06:00
But these are not new to Africa.
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但對非洲來說卻不是什麼新鮮事
06:02
Nigeria got its independence in 1960.
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奈及利亞於1960年取得獨立
06:05
The first time the possibility for independence was discussed
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而早在1922年,發生婦女市場暴動事件
06:09
was in 1922, following the Aba women's market riots.
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獨立思想隨即萌芽
06:13
In 1967, in the middle of the Biafran-Nigerian Civil War,
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1967年內戰暴發時
06:17
Dr. Njoku-Obi invented the Cholera vaccine.
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霍亂疫苗就已經被奈及利亞人發明出來了
06:21
So, you know, the thing is to remember that
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請大家一定要記住
06:23
because otherwise, 10 years from now,
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不然未來的10年
06:25
we'll be back here trying to tell this story again.
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我會一直重覆敘述它的
06:29
So, what it says to me then is that it's not really --
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但我真正想說的是
06:34
the problem isn't really the stories that are being told
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重要的並非說了什麼故事
06:36
or which stories are being told,
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而是什麼故事被說出來
06:38
the problem really is the terms of humanity
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問題是
06:41
that we're willing to bring to complicate every story,
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人總愛把事情複雜化
06:44
and that's really what it's all about.
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好像這是唯一重要的事
06:47
Let me tell you a Nigerian joke.
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我來說一個奈及利亞的笑話
06:49
Well, it's just a joke, anyway.
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只是個笑話,別太當真喔!
06:51
So there's Tom, Dick and Harry and they're working construction.
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Tom, Dick和Harry三個人在工地工作
06:55
And Tom opens up his lunch box and there's rice in it,
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午餐時間,Tom打開便當盒發現又是吃飯
06:58
and he goes on this rant about, "Twenty years,
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忍不住大聲地抱怨"唉!20年了
07:00
my wife has been packing rice for lunch.
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我老婆只會給我準備米飯
07:02
If she does it again tomorrow, I'm going to throw myself
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如果明天還是這樣
07:04
off this building and kill myself."
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我乾脆跳樓自殺算了!"
07:06
And Dick and Harry repeat this.
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Dick 和Harry也深有同感地附和著
07:08
The next day, Tom opens his lunchbox, there's rice,
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第二天,Tom打開便當,果然又是米飯
07:10
so he throws himself off and kills himself,
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二話不說,跳樓死了
07:12
and Tom, Dick and Harry follow.
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Dick 和Harry也照做
07:14
And now the inquest -- you know, Tom's wife
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事後,可想而知
07:16
and Dick's wife are distraught.
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Tom 和Dick的老婆有多傷心
07:17
They wished they'd not packed rice.
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也很後悔,不該只給老公準備米飯
07:19
But Harry's wife is confused, because she said, "You know,
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只有Harry 的老婆感到不解,因為
07:22
Harry had been packing his own lunch for 20 years."
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20年來Harry 的便當都是自己準備的
07:25
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:29
This seemingly innocent joke, when I heard it as a child in Nigeria,
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小時候我聽到這笑話時
07:34
was told about Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa,
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故事主角被換成伊格博人,約魯巴人和哈薩人
07:36
with the Hausa being Harry.
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而哈薩人就是故事中的Harry
07:38
So what seems like an eccentric if tragic joke about Harry
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就這樣一個茶餘飯後的笑話
07:42
becomes a way to spread ethnic hatred.
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竟成了傳播種族歧視的媒介
07:46
My father was educated in Cork, in the University of Cork, in the '50s.
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我父親於1950年代在愛爾蘭的Cork 大學受教育
07:50
In fact, every time I read in Ireland,
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每當我在愛爾蘭時
07:52
people get me all mistaken and they say,
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總有人把我誤認為是我父親
07:54
"Oh, this is Chris O'Barney from Cork."
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"哦!這不是Cork 大學的Chris嗎?"
07:56
But he was also in Oxford in the '50s,
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但事實上,他也曾在50年代在牛津大學唸過書
08:00
and yet growing up as a child in Nigeria,
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從小在奈及利亞長大的他
08:02
my father used to say to me, "You must never eat or drink
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我父親以前常警告我
08:05
in a Yoruba person's house because they will poison you."
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千萬別在約魯巴人家裡吃任何東西,你會被毒死的
08:10
It makes sense now when I think about it,
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現在想想其實很有道理
08:12
because if you'd known my father,
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如果你認識我父親
08:13
you would've wanted to poison him too.
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你也會想毒死他
08:16
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:21
So I was born in 1966, at the beginning
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1966年我出生時
08:25
of the Biafran-Nigerian Civil War, and the war ended after three years.
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正值奈及利亞內戰爆發,三年後戰爭結束
08:31
And I was growing up in school and the federal government
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在我唸書時期
08:34
didn't want us taught about the history of the war,
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政府有意隱藏這段歷史
08:37
because they thought it probably would make us
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他們害怕會教出
08:40
generate a new generation of rebels.
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新一代的反叛份子
08:42
So I had a very inventive teacher, a Pakistani Muslim,
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但當時我的老師思想非常前衛,他是巴基斯坦回教徒
08:45
who wanted to teach us about this.
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他希望我們正視這段歷史
08:47
So what he did was to teach us Jewish Holocaust history,
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不但如此,他還告訴我們納粹是如何屠殺猶太人
08:51
and so huddled around books with photographs of people in Auschwitz,
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一張張令人毛骨悚然的照片
08:56
I learned the melancholic history of my people
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我透過納粹震驚世界的罪行
08:59
through the melancholic history of another people.
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開始了解發生在自己國家的慘痛歷史
09:01
I mean, picture this -- really picture this.
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想想看
09:03
A Pakistani Muslim teaching Jewish Holocaust history
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一個巴基斯坦回教徒講述猶太人歷史
09:08
to young Igbo children.
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給伊格博小孩聽
09:09
Story is powerful.
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故事的力量如此地無遠弗屆
09:11
Story is fluid and it belongs to nobody.
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並且深植人心
09:13
And it should come as no surprise
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這,不難想像
09:15
that my first novel at 16 was about Neo-Nazis
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16歲時我出了生平第一本小說
09:18
taking over Nigeria to institute the Fourth Reich.
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故事內容是關於新納粹佔領奈及利亞,並成立第四帝國
09:21
It makes perfect sense.
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聽起來並非無稽之談
09:22
And they were to blow up strategic targets
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在小說裡,新納粹計劃轟炸重要戰略據點
09:26
and take over the country, and they were foiled
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企圖控制全國,但最後被
09:28
by a Nigerian James Bond called Coyote Williams,
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奈及利亞版的"007" Coyote Williams
09:32
and a Jewish Nazi hunter.
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以及一名專門獵殺納粹的猶太殺手所遏止
09:35
And it happened over four continents.
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小說一上市
09:36
And when the book came out, I was heralded as Africa's answer
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有人拿我媲美間諜小說家Francis Forsythe
09:39
to Frederick Forsyth, which is a dubious honor at best.
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當然這些讚譽對我僅是虛名
09:43
But also, the book was launched in time for me to be accused
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同一時間,因為這本書的關係
09:46
of constructing the blueprint for a foiled coup attempt.
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我被指控"企圖煽動政變"
09:50
So at 18, I was bonded off to prison in Nigeria.
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18歲時,更因此鋃鐺入獄
09:55
I grew up very privileged, and it's important
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我成長在有特權的環境,談論特權是很重要的
09:56
to talk about privilege, because we don't talk about it here.
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因為我們在這裡不談論這個議題
09:59
A lot of us are very privileged.
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有很多人都享有特權
10:01
I grew up -- servants, cars, televisions, all that stuff.
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小時候我家裡有佣人服侍,有轎車可開,有電視可看
10:05
My story of Nigeria growing up was very different from the story
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這和我在奈及利亞的日子簡直是天壤之別
10:08
I encountered in prison, and I had no language for it.
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回想被關在監獄裡那段時光,真不知該怎麼形容
10:12
I was completely terrified, completely broken,
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我簡直嚇壞了,完全不知所措
10:16
and kept trying to find a new language,
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只是不斷想著
10:20
a new way to make sense of all of this.
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這一切是怎麼回事?
10:23
Six months after that, with no explanation,
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六個月後,亳無預警的
10:26
they let me go.
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我被釋放了
10:27
Now for those of you who have seen me at the buffet tables know
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不過如果你們剛看到我吃飯的樣子
10:29
that it was because it was costing them too much to feed me.
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應該不難理解他們一定是怕被我吃垮,只好放我走!
10:32
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:41
But I mean, I grew up with this incredible privilege,
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說真的,我在這樣的享有特權環境下長大
10:43
and not just me -- millions of Nigerians
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但不只是我,很多在奈及利亞的孩子
10:45
grew up with books and libraries.
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都在書本伴隨下成長
10:47
In fact, we were talking last night about how all
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事實上,我們昨晚還談到
10:51
of the steamy novels of Harold Robbins
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Harold Robbins 的小說
10:53
had done more for sex education of horny teenage boys in Africa
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對非洲青少年的性啟蒙造成的影響
10:57
than any sex education programs ever had.
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是其他任何性教育課程都無法比擬的
11:01
All of those are gone.
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但現在這樣的東西都消失了
11:03
We are squandering the most valuable resource
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我們正在糟塌
11:05
we have on this continent: the valuable resource
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在這塊土地上最重要的資源
11:07
of the imagination.
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那就是我們的想像力
11:09
In the film, "Sometimes in April" by Raoul Peck,
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Raoul Peck 導演的電影" Sometimes in April"
11:12
Idris Elba is poised in a scene with his machete raised,
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其中有一幕Idris Elba 舉起彎刀
11:16
and he's being forced by a crowd to chop up his best friend --
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在眾人脅迫下,要砍死他最好的朋友
11:20
fellow Rwandan Army officer, albeit a Tutsi --
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一名盧安達軍官,是個圖西人
11:23
played by Fraser James.
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這角色由Fraser James扮演
11:25
And Fraser's on his knees, arms tied behind his back,
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Fraser 跪在地上,雙手被反綁在背後
11:29
and he's crying.
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眼中泛著淚光
11:31
He's sniveling.
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身體也不停顫抖著
11:32
It's a pitiful sight.
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著實令人心酸
11:33
And as we watch it, we are ashamed.
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看著這畫面,我們也不自覺地感到羞愧
11:38
And we want to say to Idris, "Chop him up.
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心裡真想對Idris說"動手吧!
11:41
Shut him up."
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殺了他!"
11:43
And as Idris moves, Fraser screams, "Stop!
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只見Idris 舉起彎刀,Fraser 大喊著,"不要,
11:47
Please stop!"
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請停下來!
11:49
Idris pauses, then he moves again,
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Idris 猶豫了一下,仍再度舉起手上的刀
11:52
and Fraser says, "Please!
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Fraser 不停的喊著,"拜託!
11:55
Please stop!"
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請你停下來!"
11:57
And it's not the look of horror and terror on Fraser's face that stops Idris or us;
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其實並非Fraser 驚恐害怕的表情阻止了Idris
12:03
it's the look in Fraser's eyes.
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而是他的眼神
12:05
It's one that says, "Don't do this.
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那雙眼睛彷彿在說"請你住手
12:09
And I'm not saying this to save myself,
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我這麼哀求不是為了我自己
12:11
although this would be nice. I'm doing it to save you,
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而是因為你
12:15
because if you do this, you will be lost."
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因為這一刀砍下去,你會迷失自我"
12:19
To be so afraid that you're standing in the face
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想想有多可怕,你面對死亡
12:22
of a death you can't escape and that you're soiling yourself
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逃都逃不了
12:24
and crying, but to say in that moment,
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只能嚎啕大哭
12:26
as Fraser says to Idris, "Tell my girlfriend I love her."
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這時Fraser 還對Idris 說"請告訴我的女朋友,我愛她。"
12:30
In that moment, Fraser says,
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Fraser 還說
12:34
"I am lost already, but not you ... not you."
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"反正我沒希望了,但是你還有機會..你是還有機會的。"
12:39
This is a redemption we can all aspire to.
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這是所有人都希望得到的救贖
12:42
African narratives in the West, they proliferate.
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在西方,你可以聽到愈來愈多關於非洲的故事
12:46
I really don't care anymore.
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那已經不是我所關注的了
12:47
I'm more interested in the stories we tell about ourselves --
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我感興趣的是那些真正屬於非洲的故事
12:51
how as a writer, I find that African writers
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身為一個作家,我發現非洲的作家
12:56
have always been the curators of our humanity on this continent.
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一直都扮演著詮釋非洲人性的角色
12:59
The question is, how do I balance narratives that are wonderful
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問題是,要劇情扣人心弦?
13:05
with narratives of wounds and self-loathing?
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還是要據實揭露醜陋的傷疤?
13:09
And this is the difficulty that I face.
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這中間的平衡一直困擾著我
13:12
I am trying to move beyond political rhetoric
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我試著跳出政治的框架
13:14
to a place of ethical questioning.
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以倫理為本位
13:16
I am asking us to balance the idea
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我要求大家認清
13:19
of our complete vulnerability with the complete notion
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自身的軟弱
13:23
of transformation of what is possible.
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才有改變它的可能
13:25
As a young middle-class Nigerian activist,
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年輕時,我是個激進份子
13:27
I launched myself along with a whole generation of us
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和同時代的許多年輕人一樣
13:30
into the campaign to stop the government.
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投身於反政府運動
13:33
And I asked millions of people,
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我要求這些年輕人
13:35
without questioning my right to do so,
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不管我是否有這樣的權利
13:37
to go up against the government.
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我鼓動他們站出來和政府對抗
13:39
And I watched them being locked up in prison and tear gassed.
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我也親眼看著他們被關進監牢
13:41
I justified it, and I said, "This is the cost of revolution.
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我還自我辨護,這就是革命的代價
13:44
Have I not myself been imprisoned?
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難道我沒有進過監獄?
13:46
Have I not myself been beaten?"
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難道我沒有被鞭打過?
13:48
It wasn't until later, when I was imprisoned again,
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直到我再次入獄
13:51
that I understood the real meaning of torture,
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我才體會到何謂真正的折磨
13:53
and how easy your humanity can be taken from you,
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人性又是如何的脆弱
13:56
for the time I was engaged in war,
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我以為這是一場戰爭
13:59
righteous, righteous war.
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一場正義之戰
14:02
Excuse me.
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對不起
14:05
Sometimes I can stand before the world --
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有時我會挺身而出
14:07
and when I say this, transformation
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雖然如此
14:09
is a difficult and slow process --
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我深知改革是一條漫長的路
14:11
sometimes I can stand before the world and say,
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有時我會挺身而出,大聲說
14:14
"My name is Chris Abani.
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"我是Chris Abani
14:16
I have been human six days, but only sometimes."
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整整六天我終於嘗到做人的感覺,雖然僅只是偶爾。"
14:19
But this is a good thing.
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但這是件好事
14:21
It's never going to be easy.
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改革絕非一蹴可幾
14:23
There are no answers.
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也沒有任何正確答案
14:25
As I was telling Rachel from Google Earth,
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如同我告訴Google Earth 的Rachel
14:27
that I had challenged my students in America --
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在美國教書時,我對學生說
14:29
I said, "You don't know anything about Africa, you're all idiots."
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"你們根本不知道真正的非洲,你們都是一群笨蛋。"
14:32
And so they said, "Tell me about Africa, Professor Abani."
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學生們說:"教授,那請你告訴我們吧!"
14:35
So I went to Google Earth and learned about Africa.
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於是我打開Google Earth,告訴他們非洲在哪裡
14:38
And the truth be told, this is it, isn't it?
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真相已經被告知了,不是嗎?
14:41
There are no essential Africans,
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其實沒有所謂的主要的或必要的非洲人
14:42
and most of us are as completely ignorant as everyone else
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大部分的非洲人跟其他人一樣
14:44
about the continent we come from,
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根本對非洲一無所知
14:46
and yet we want to make profound statements about it.
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卻總對它高談闊論
14:49
And I think if we can just admit that we're all trying
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我認為如果每個人都試著去
14:51
to approximate the truth of our own communities,
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瞭解自己的來歷
14:54
it will make for a much more nuanced
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當講述自己國家的故事時
14:56
and a much more interesting conversation.
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才更有意義
14:59
I want to believe that we can be agnostic about this,
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我也相信唯有跳脫舊有框架
15:03
that we can rise above all of this.
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我們才能超越現在
15:05
When I was 10, I read James Baldwin's "Another Country,"
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10歲時,我讀了James Baldwin的"另一個國家"
15:09
and that book broke me.
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這本書深深震撼了我
15:11
Not because I was encountering homosexual sex and love
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不是因為我第一次接觸同性戀及愛的題材
15:14
for the first time, but because the way James wrote about it
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而是James敘述情節的方式
15:17
made it impossible for me to attach otherness to it.
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讓你不得不深受感動
15:20
"Here," Jimmy said.
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他寫到:"這"
15:22
"Here is love, all of it."
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"這就是愛"
15:24
The fact that it happens in "Another Country"
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這樣的故事發生在他所寫的這本書中
15:26
takes you quite by surprise.
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確實令人驚訝
15:29
My friend Ronald Gottesman says there are three kinds of people in the world:
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我朋友Ronald Gottesman曾提過世上有三種人
15:31
those who can count, and those who can't.
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懂算術和不懂算術的
15:34
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:38
He also says that the cause of all our trouble
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他還說人之所以受苦受難
15:41
is the belief in an essential, pure identity:
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是因為思想僵固,太多先入為主的成見
15:44
religious, ethnic, historical, ideological.
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就宗教,種族,歷史或意識形態上皆是如此
15:49
I want to leave you with a poem by Yusef Komunyakaa
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最後我想和大家分享一首由Yusef Komunyakaa作的詩
15:52
that speaks to transformation.
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內容是關於轉變
15:55
It's called "Ode to the Drum," and I'll try and read it
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這首詩叫”頌鼓”
15:58
the way Yusef would be proud to hear it read.
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我會試著用Yusef 引以為傲的方式來吟誦它
16:04
"Gazelle, I killed you for your skin's exquisite touch,
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非洲的羚羊啊!我宰了你,為了你皮毛細緻的觸感
16:10
for how easy it is to be nailed to a board
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為了輕易地把它釘在木板上
16:13
weathered raw as white butcher paper.
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像白紙一樣被風化
16:17
Last night I heard my daughter praying for the meat here at my feet.
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昨晚我聽到女兒為了腳邊的肉不斷祈禱著
16:22
You know it wasn't anger that made me stop my heart till the hammer fell.
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你知道我的心往下掉,並非因為憤怒,直到榔頭掉了下來
16:26
Weeks ago, you broke me as a woman
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數週前,像個女人一樣,粉碎了我的心
16:29
once shattered me into a song beneath her weight,
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像一首歌,留下的是殘缺不全的片段
16:33
before you slouched into that grassy hush.
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你什麼話也沒說就消失在草叢裡
16:36
And now I'm tightening lashes, shaped in hide as if around a ribcage,
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現在我繫緊韁繩,挺起胸膛
16:41
shaped like five bowstrings.
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像繃緊的弓弦
16:43
Ghosts cannot slip back inside the body's drum.
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就連鬼魂也無法碰觸我的身體
16:46
You've been seasoned by wind, dusk and sunlight.
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狂風,日暮,日出,週而復始
16:50
Pressure can make everything whole again.
330
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壓力可以讓萬象更新
16:54
Brass nails tacked into the ebony wood,
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枯木逄春,連釘在木頭裡的銅釘也不例外
16:56
your face has been carved five times.
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只在臉上留下歲月的痕跡
16:59
I have to drive trouble in the hills.
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山丘上
17:01
Trouble in the valley,
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山谷中
17:03
and trouble by the river too.
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河沿上,我帶走不幸
17:05
There is no palm wine, fish, salt, or calabash.
336
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沒有可可果,棕櫚酒,魚,鹽,也沒有葫蘆
17:09
Kadoom. Kadoom. Kadoom.
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咚咚..咚咚..咚咚
17:13
Ka-doooom.
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咚咚
17:15
Now I have beaten a song back into you.
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我為你寫了一首歌
17:19
Rise and walk away like a panther."
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快快起立,像黑豹一樣奔馳吧!
17:23
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
17:25
(Applause)
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(掌聲)

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