A COVID-19 "exit" strategy to end lockdown and reopen the economy | Uri Alon

73,635 views ใƒป 2020-05-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ornit Hadar ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Chris Anderson: So our first speaker gave a TED Talk at TEDGlobal
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ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื˜ื“ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœ,
00:16
I think seven years ago.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
00:18
His name is Professor Uri Alon,
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ืฉืžื• ืคืจื•ืค' ืื•ืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ,
00:21
at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
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ืžืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœืžื“ืข.
00:24
Now, he and his colleagues there have come up with a powerful idea
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ื”ื•ื ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื• ืฉื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื”
00:28
that addresses this key question:
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ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืœืช ืžืคืชื—:
00:30
How on earth do we get back to work
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
00:33
without creating a second surge of the infection?
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื™?
00:38
Uri Alon, welcome to TED.
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ืื•ืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ืœื˜ื“.
00:42
Uri Alon: Thank you. Nice to be here again.
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ืื•ืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื” ืฉื•ื‘.
00:45
CA: It's great to see you again.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ืฉื•ื‘.
00:47
So, I guess the key to your idea
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš
00:51
is this obsession with the reproduction number R, R-naught.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื›ืคืœื•ืช R0
00:55
If that number is less than one,
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ืื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื—ื“,
00:58
then fewer than one person is infected by a typical person,
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ืื–ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง ืข"ื™ ืื“ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
01:01
and eventually, the epidemic fades away.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื“ื•ืขื›ืช.
01:05
People are worried that as we come back to work,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
01:07
R will shoot up above one again.
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R ื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืœ ืื—ื“.
01:10
You have a suggestion for how we might avoid that.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืฆืขื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื›ืš.
01:13
What is that suggestion?
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ืžื” ื”ื”ืฆืขื”?
01:17
UA: Exactly.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
01:18
So, we are suggesting a strategy
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”
01:20
that's based on a weak spot based on the biology of the virus,
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื—ืœืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
01:24
which is a cycle of work and lockdown.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืœื”.
01:27
It exploits the vulnerability of the virus in that, when a person gets infected,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ืฆืœืช ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื ื“ื‘ืง,
01:33
they're not infectious for about three days.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš.
01:36
So you don't infect others for the first three days,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:38
and after another two days, on average, you get symptoms.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืืชื” ืžืคืชื— ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื.
01:42
So we're proposing a strategy which is four days of work
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
01:45
and then 10 days of lockdown,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกื’ืจ.
01:48
and the next two weeks, again: four days of work, 10 days of lockdown.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉื•ื‘, ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกื’ืจ.
01:51
And that way, if a person gets infected at work,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ืื ืื“ื ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
01:54
they reach their peak infectiousness during lockdown, and that way,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืกื’ืจ, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”,
01:58
they avoid infecting many others.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:01
This restricts the viral transmission.
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
02:04
Also, just working four days out of two weeks
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื
02:07
restricts the amount of time the virus gets to see many other people,
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ืžืฆืžืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก "ืจื•ืื”" ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:10
and that's a very powerful effect.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคืงื˜ ืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื”.
02:12
So everybody works on the same four days,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
02:14
kids go to school on the same four days,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืื•ืชื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
02:16
with all the measures of social distancing and masks, etc,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœ "ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™", ืžืกื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'
02:21
and then there's a lockdown period.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื’ืจ.
02:24
CA: So if you take the worst-case scenario,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:26
where you come to work on a Monday morning at the start of your four days,
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ื‘ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื' ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืš,
02:30
and you're infected on the subway, say, on the way to work,
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ื•ืืชื” ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:34
the theory here is that even by the end of that four days,
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
02:37
you're not really starting to infect your coworkers?
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ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?
02:42
UA: That's correct.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:43
So you're infected on the subway,
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ื ื“ื‘ืงืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช,
02:45
and so for the first three days or so, you're in your latent period,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืจืš, ืืชื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื”,
02:48
you don't infect your coworkers,
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ืœื ืชื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:49
you reach your peak infectiousness at home,
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ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
02:52
there will be secondary infections at home,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
02:55
and people with symptoms can self-quarantine,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“
02:58
and over the long run, you have a reproduction number less than one,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื›ืคืœื•ืช (R0) ื™ืจื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื—ื“.
03:02
so the epidemic, if you continue these cycles,
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ื›ืš ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”, ืื ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:05
will go away.
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ืชืœืš ื•ืชืขืœื.
03:09
CA: I mean, is it frustrating
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืชืกื›ืœ,
03:13
at the thought that people are going to say,
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•
03:15
"Wait -- I don't want to infect people at home,
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"ืจื’ืข, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื™,
03:17
I'd rather infect people at work than at home."
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช...
03:19
What's the response to that?
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ืžื” ืชืืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš?
03:22
UA: Yes, absolutely.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
03:23
So we have to consider the alternatives.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
03:25
If you open up the economy and there's a second wave,
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ืื ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœ ืฉื ื™
03:27
you'll get all those infections anyway during the lockdown that happens,
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ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื’ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”.
03:31
along with the devastating effects on the economy, etc.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื•ื›ื•'
03:34
And so, in the long run,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ,
03:36
if you do a cyclic strategy like this
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ืื ืชื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
03:38
but with a reproduction number that's less than one,
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ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืคืœื•ืช (R0) ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื—ื“,
03:41
you avoid, at least with these mathematical models and considerations,
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ืชืžื ืข, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
03:46
the much larger number of infections you'd get if there's a second wave.
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ืชืžื ืข ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœ ืฉื ื™.
03:50
CA: Right. You're serving the needs of your family by -- sorry, go on.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœืš ืข"ื™ -- ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื”ืžืฉืš.
03:56
UA: Even people who are infected don't infect everyone at home.
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ืื•ืจื™: ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื.
03:59
The attack rates are 10 to 30 percent, according to several studies.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื”ื•ื 10 ืขื“ 30 ืื—ื•ื–, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื.
04:04
CA: Right.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:06
But the hope is that you're serving the needs of your family
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœืš
04:08
by engaging in a strategy where very few of your fellow workers
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
04:11
are going to be infectious anyway,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืงื™ื.
04:13
so that's the plan, but um --
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ...
04:16
UA: That's right.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:18
CA: Tell me this, though -- because four days out of 14,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
04:21
someone's going to say, "Well, great idea,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื’ื™ื“, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ,
04:23
but that implies, like, a 70 percent loss of productivity
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื”
04:27
in the economy,
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ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
04:28
so that can't possibly work."
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ".
04:30
I think you think that the productivity loss
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื”
04:32
need not be anything like that much.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
04:35
UA: That's right,
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ืื•ืจื™: ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:36
and of course, most people don't work weekends,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
04:38
so it's four days out of the 10 work days in the two weeks,
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
04:41
and once you have a predictable schedule
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™
04:44
of four days at work,
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ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:45
you can work longer hours,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื,
04:47
you can design shifts and get higher productivity
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืคื•ืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:49
by prioritizing in those four days
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื
04:51
much more than 40 percent of the workdays.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:56
CA: Yes, so talk through how that could work.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ืชืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
04:58
I mean, let's imagine, first of all, manufacturing,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
05:02
which is currently shut down.
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ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ืกื’ื•ืจ.
05:04
Is the implication here that a manufacturer could set up
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ
05:08
two, possibly even three, shifts of four days,
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ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ,
05:11
maybe 35 hours or something of work over those four days
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• 35 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื
05:16
and still get a lot of productivity,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืคื•ืงื”,
05:21
basically, having the lines almost running continuously that way?
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ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ, ืงื• ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•?
05:25
UA: Exactly.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
05:26
So this is a staggered version of this idea,
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ื–ื• ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:30
where you take the population, divide it into two groups or three groups.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช.
05:34
Let's say one group works four days and then 10 days of lockdown.
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ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกื’ืจ.
05:38
Then the other group kicks in.
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ืื– ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
05:40
This idea was proposed by colleagues at Bar-Ilan University.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆืข ืข"ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ.
05:44
Then you get an added benefit that during workdays there's less density.
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ื›ืš ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:48
If there's two groups,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช,
05:49
there's half the density and less transmission.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช.
05:51
And you can keep production lines working almost continuously like that
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ื›ื›ื” ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ
05:56
using this staggered idea.
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
06:01
CA: And applying it to thinking about offices coming back --
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื --
06:05
I mean, it seems to me that, as we've already seen,
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื•,
06:08
there's a lot of productivity that can happen when you're at home,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืคื•ืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช,
06:12
so you could picture on this idea of people doing one set of things
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
06:15
during the four days when they're, say, back at the office,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“,
06:18
doing the exposure to each other, sparking off each other,
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ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช,
06:23
the discussions, the brainstorming, all that good stuff,
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ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
06:26
while at home, they're then doing all the things
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—"ื› ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
06:30
that we've been doing the last few weeks,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•
06:32
kind of working solo.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
06:34
How much have you thought about how that,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”,
06:36
whether it's possible, effectively, to divide work into different types
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™, ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื
06:40
and actually use a strategy like this
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื›ื–ื•
06:43
to maintain almost full or even better productivity?
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ืœืžืžืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืคื•ืงื” ืžืœืื”, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš?
06:46
UA: I agree -- for many sectors, people work at home very effectively,
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ืื•ืจื™: ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื. ืœืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื“ ื™ืขื™ืœื”,
06:50
and we've heard from several industries
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ื•ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืžืกืคืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช
06:52
that productivity actually went up during lockdown
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ืฉื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกื’ืจ
06:55
and people working at home.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.
06:56
So if you have a schedule, a [cyclic exit strategy]
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ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™
06:59
you can restrict the amount,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช
07:00
or you can plan the work where you need to be together
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช
07:04
in a very effective way
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ
07:06
with avoiding a lot of time lost,
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ื•ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื–ืžืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–.
07:08
if the person's work can be more effective at home
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ืื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:11
and more effective at work and get high productivity.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืคื•ืงื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช.
07:13
I should say that some sectors really need to adjust,
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
07:16
like hotels, tourism, dining.
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ื›ืžื• ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืกืขื“ื ื•ืช.
07:18
In several industries, this will require more thought and adjusting.
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืืžื•ืช.
07:22
But other industries are almost built for ideas like this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
07:24
Maybe it's even something you can consider after the epidemic,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”,
07:28
because productivity can be at least as high.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
07:32
CA: I mean, I read this and I started thinking about our own organization, TED,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, TED.
07:37
and how, in many ways, you could argue that could work really well.
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš, ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:41
I mean, for one thing,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
07:43
there's this question about extroverts and introverts.
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ืฉืืœืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื.
07:45
Some introverts, if they were honest,
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื, ืื ื”ื ื›ื ื™ื,
07:47
might say that this pandemic has been manna from heaven for them.
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ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืŸ ืžืฉืžื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
07:50
They've found work less stressful.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื”,
07:53
They've been able to focus and so forth.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื•ื›ื“'.
07:56
With this sort of four days on, four days off type strategy,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
08:00
perhaps you can imagine a work world
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
08:03
that's optimized for both introverts and extroverts?
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื’ื ืœืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื?
08:08
UA: Absolutely.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
08:09
I mean, I feel it also.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:10
Me and my partner, with different personalities,
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ืื ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืชืค(ืช)ื™, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”,
08:13
we both teach in universities,
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ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช,
08:14
and teaching through this
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ื•ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•
08:16
has [helped me] become productive in certain ways.
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ืขื–ืจื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
08:19
So I agree completely,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื,
08:21
and I think harnessing the creativity of people at workplaces,
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืชื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
08:25
we're only at the beginning of what these kinds of mixtures can offer.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข.
08:30
CA: But for people who are on the front line,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
08:33
again, if you're delivering goods and so forth
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ืš... ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”,
08:38
and you can't do that virtually,
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™,
08:41
is there any thought about
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”,
08:42
how a four days on and then isolation strategy,
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ืื™ืš ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“,
08:46
how that off time could be used
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ืื™ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืฆืœ
08:48
to nonetheless contribute to that person's work
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื›ื–ื”
08:51
through some form of training?
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื• ืื™ืžื•ืŸ?
08:53
Or is it more just that people would work very intensely during four days,
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ืื• ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
09:00
and maybe people still aren't quite earning their full pay in this scenario,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
09:06
but it's better than complete lockdown,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืกื’ืจ ืžืœื
09:08
and it's better than going back to work and seeing another surge?
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”?
09:13
UA: That's right.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
09:14
So on a society level,
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ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
09:15
it's better than opening up and seeing another surge,
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ืžืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื,
09:17
which would require complete lockdown.
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ืฉื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืกื’ืจ ืžืœื.
09:19
For people like hospital shifts,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
09:21
some hospitals adopted this kind of program
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ื›ืžื” ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืžืฆื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•
09:24
so we can protect shifts and avoid mixing.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื•ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
09:28
It also creates a lot of simplicity and clarity.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:30
So you understand when you're working,
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ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“,
09:32
and you have some confidence because this is based on scientific modeling
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื
09:37
about the effectiveness of this plan.
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ืฉืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
09:40
It's also equitable in the sense that everybody gets to go to work,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
09:43
not only certain sectors,
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
09:46
it's transparent, etc.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'.
09:47
[Cross talk]
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ...[ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื]
09:52
CA: And this is something that is best implemented
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ืื ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžืžืฉ
09:54
by individual companies?
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช?
09:57
Or is it actually much better implemented a city at a time
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ืื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
10:00
or even a nation at a time?
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”?
10:03
UA: We think it can work [in levels].
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ืื•ืจื™: ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ [ื‘ื›ืžื” ืจืžื•ืช].
10:06
So at certain companies, it's very natural to adopt,
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ืœื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืืžืฅ,
10:10
or at hospitals, schools, etc.
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ืื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ื›ื•'.
10:11
It can also work at the level of a town or a region,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื• ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ,
10:14
and then we would advise trying it out for something like a month,
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ื•ืื– ื ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
10:19
seeing whether cases rise.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื.
10:21
In that case, you can dial down the number of workdays.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:25
Or, if cases are declining quickly, you can add workdays
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ืื•, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:27
and therefore adapt to the climate and the location where a person is.
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืืงืœื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื.
10:33
So it's quite adaptable.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืืžื”.
10:36
CA: But by aligning work schedules with schools, for example,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืœื•"ื– ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ,
10:39
that suddenly allows parents to go back to work
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ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:41
on the days that their kids are at school, and you'd have to try --
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืช ...
10:46
UA: Absolutely.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜
10:47
CA: I mean, is the best instantiation of this
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื”,
10:50
that countries literally divide households
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ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืœืงื• ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช
10:53
into different A and B categories, or something like that,
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ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื' ื•-ื‘', ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”
10:57
so that that kind of alignment could happen?
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืืžื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
11:01
UA: Exactly.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
11:02
So you can align different households, Group A and Group B,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช,
ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื' ื•-ื‘',
11:05
and then the children go to school, the parents go to work
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
11:08
in a synchronized way,
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11:09
and the other group, let's say, the alternating weeks.
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
11:13
A certain amount of people need to work all the time.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื,
11:15
Maybe teachers are, like, essential workers and need to work throughout.
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ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
11:19
Just like during lockdown situations,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืกื’ืจ
11:21
a certain fraction of the population still works throughout.
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ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
11:24
But a region that does this should be protected, in a sense,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ืŸ
11:27
because it has a replication number of less than one,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื›ื™ R0 ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื—ื“
11:30
so imported infections also can't spread very much.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื "ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื" ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
11:35
CA: And here is the aforementioned David Biello. David.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื•. ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ -
11:38
David Biello: Yes. Hello, everybody.
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ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“: ื›ืŸ, ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
11:40
Uri, as you can imagine, there are lot of questions
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ืื•ืจื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš,
11:43
from the audience,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื”ืงื”ืœ
11:45
and we have a first one
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ืฉืืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื
11:47
kind of about those workers who have been marked as essential.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• "ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื"
11:52
Can you comment on how this would impact the health care professionals and others
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข
11:57
who may not have time or the flexibility to quarantine
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ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื–ืžืŸ, ืื• ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช
12:03
in the way you suggest.
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ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืชื™ืืจืช?
12:04
UA: That's great.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
12:06
I want to say that there's essential workers,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื
12:09
there's people with low income, that just can't adhere to lockdown
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“,
12:13
because they have to make a living.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
12:15
And studies show that mobility [among] people in the low-income sectors
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
12:20
is larger during lockdown.
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ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืกื’ืจ.
12:22
And also, in developing countries, people just have to go out of the house.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.
12:26
You can't enforce lockdown.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืกื’ืจ.
12:27
So this four-10 kind of strategy can actually make lockdown easier to bear
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื›ื–ื• ืœืกื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœ 10 - 4 ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืกื’ืจ
12:33
for people who can still make a living during those days,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก
12:36
or at least make their own choices
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื
12:38
about what fraction to work and what fraction to stay in lockdown.
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ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“.
12:42
Some countries can't get R less than one even with lockdown,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ R0 ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื—ื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ืกื’ืจ,
12:45
because of this adherence problem, because of informal sectors, etc.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'
12:48
We believe that a four-10 cycle might make it easier to do lockdown
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 4-10 ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืงืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืกื’ืจ
12:52
and maybe get our infection level less than one.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื“.
12:56
That affects billions of people in the world.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
13:00
I hope I answered your question.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืขื ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš.
13:02
DB: I think so,
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ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ.
13:04
and we have another question, I believe,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
13:07
if that can be queued up,
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ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื•ืจ,
13:10
which is:
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ื•ื”ื™ื:
13:12
Any chance you can do the math
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™
13:14
and quantify the increased risk of this four-10 cycle?
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ 4-10 ื›ื–ื”?
13:20
UA: So the increased risk, we're saying in our scientific paper,
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ืื•ืจื™: ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
13:23
we did all the sensitivity analyses, etc,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืื ืœื™ื–ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'
13:26
and the question is, it's comparing increased risk comparing to what?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ?
13:30
So, to the economy ...
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ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”...
13:33
It's possible there will be a second wave.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื
13:35
I mean, I hope there won't be, but it certainly is possible,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืชื›ืŸ,
13:38
and in that case, it's clear that a second wave and another lockdown
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื’ืœ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืกื’ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
13:42
will have worse consequences on health
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ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:47
than a cycle of four-10.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 4-10.
13:50
And so it's really a question of what you're comparing to.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช.
13:57
DB: Sure.
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ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“: ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™.
13:59
Well, thank you so much for sharing this idea, Uri.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืื•ืจื™.
14:05
CA: Indeed.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื›ืŸ
14:07
David, stay on.
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ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“, ื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื ื•.
14:08
But just before you go:
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ืื‘ืœ, ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืคืจื“,
14:10
Have any governments expressed interest in exploring this?
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ื”ืื ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?
14:15
Do you see people considering actually implementing this
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
14:18
as national policy?
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ืžืžืžืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช?
14:20
UA: Yes, we're in touch with several European countries
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ืื•ืจื™: ื›ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช
14:25
and countries in South America and Israel, of course.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
14:28
Austria has adopted a similar program for their school system,
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ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืื™ืžืฆื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
14:33
which is five school days every two weeks.
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
14:38
And several companies and hospitals, etc.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ื•'.
14:44
And so we're very interested to see how this will play out.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื“ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืชืคืชื—.
14:50
CA: Well, I love the basic start point
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”
14:52
of starting by looking at the enemy's weakness.
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ื‘ื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘.
14:56
And you've got this four-day period
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ื•ืžืคื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื
14:59
where it's not necessarily that dangerous after an infection,
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ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื›ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”,
15:05
if you could figure out a way to work then.
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•.
15:07
I assume that testing would actually enhance this idea as well a lot, right?
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
15:12
To test people before they come back --
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ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื --
15:14
UA: It's not predicated on testing.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
15:15
You don't have to have testing for this idea,
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ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
15:18
so that can apply to regions without a lot of testing.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
15:20
If you do have testing, it could help you use testing in a more effective way
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
15:24
by concentrating testing on people at the end of their 10 lockdown days,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“.
15:27
just as they're about to go to work;
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
15:29
that could make each test more impactful
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”,
15:31
in terms of reducing their reproduction number.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ืžืงื“ื ื”ื”ื›ืคืœื”.
15:33
CA: Indeed, instead of having to test the whole population
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื›ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
15:36
every three or four days,
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ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” - ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
15:37
it's just once every two weeks.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
15:39
That's a much more imaginable goal.
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ื–ื” ื™ืขื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
15:43
UA: Sure.
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ืื•ืจื™: ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™.
15:44
CA: Yeah.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื›ืŸ.
15:45
Well, Uri Alon, thank you so much for spending this time.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ืฉื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ืžื ืš.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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