The science of friction -- and its surprising impact on our lives | Jennifer Vail

64,112 views ใƒป 2020-02-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: yael ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
I have to admit that it's a lot of fun
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ
00:15
when people ask me what I do for my job,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช,
00:17
because I tell them I literally rub things together.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืœืฉืคืฉืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
00:20
This sounds ridiculous,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื’ื•ื—ืš,
00:22
just rubbing things together.
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ืœืฉืคืฉืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
00:25
But it has a technical name:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืฉื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™:
00:28
tribology.
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ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
00:30
T-r-i-b-o-l-o-g-y,
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ื˜-ืจ-ื™-ื‘-ื•-ืœ-ื•-ื’-ื™-ื”,
00:33
from the ancient Greek word "tribos,"
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื” "ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืก",
00:35
which means "to rub."
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” "ืœืฉืคืฉืฃ".
00:37
It's a funny-sounding word you've probably never heard before,
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ื–ืืช ืžื™ืœื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
00:40
but I promise you,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื,
00:41
discovering it changes your experience with the physical world.
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ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™.
00:45
Tribology has given me amazing projects.
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ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:48
I've worked on materials that fly, and I've worked on dog food --
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืคื™ื, ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื --
00:52
a combination that doesn't sound like one person has any business doing
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
00:55
in the span of just a couple years,
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ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
00:57
until you start to view the world through a tribological lens.
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ืขื“ ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื“ืฉื” ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
01:02
And I think you'll be surprised
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืชื ืชื•ืคืชืขื•
01:03
at how significant a little bit of tribology can be
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
01:07
in alleviating some very large problems.
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ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
01:11
Tribology is the study of friction, wear and lubrication.
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ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš, ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ืš.
01:15
You have all experienced all three of these things.
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:19
Remember the last time you tried to move a heavy object across the floor,
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื—ืคืฅ ื›ื‘ื“
01:22
and you could just feel something resisting you?
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ื?
01:25
That would be friction.
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš.
01:26
Friction is the force that opposes motion.
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ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”.
01:30
Wear is the loss or transfer of material.
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ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืื• ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื,
01:33
It's the reason you have to replace your favorite shoes,
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01:35
because eventually the soles disappear.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื ืขืœืžื•ืช.
01:38
Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear.
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื•ืฉื—ื™ืงื”.
01:40
They loosen up those stubborn rusted bolts that just otherwise will not budge.
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ื”ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื—ืœื•ื“ื™ื ืขืงืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื–ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื.
01:45
But tribology is also defined as the science of interacting surfaces
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ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื’ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืžื“ืข ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื”
01:49
in relative motion.
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ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
01:51
So, interacting surfaces in relative motion:
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ืื–, ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช:
01:57
there are a lot of those in the world.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:59
As you're sitting there right now, are you wiggling your foot at all
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ืืชื ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื›ื?
02:02
or maybe shifting around in your seat?
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœื›ื?
02:04
Because guess what? Tribology is happening.
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ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”? ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
02:06
Even the smallest shift in your seat
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ื”ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœื›ื
02:08
involves two surfaces moving relative to each other.
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ืžืขืจื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื”.
02:12
And your tribological interaction for the shift
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ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืชื–ื•ื–ื”
02:14
will be different than the person next to you.
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ืชื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื™ื“ื›ื.
02:16
This is because the clothes you're wearing
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื
02:18
change the friction between you and the seat.
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ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืกื.
02:21
If you're wearing silk, it's a little easier to squirm around in the seat
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ืื ืืชื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื™, ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืกื
02:24
than if you're wearing wool.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฆืžืจ.
02:26
That's because the friction is lower for silk.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉื™.
02:29
If you're moving your ankle or wiggling your ankle at all,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืกื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืžืจืขื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
02:31
did it make a popping sound?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ืขื”?
02:34
You've had that, right?
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื›ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:35
You get up, you move around, and some joint cracks or pops.
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ืืชื ื ืขืžื“ื™ื, ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืงืฆืช, ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžืคืจืง ืžืชืคื•ืงืง.
02:38
Thank you for that sound, tribology.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
02:41
That sound can come from the fluid that lubricates your joints
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ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืžืกื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
02:44
just moving around.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ื ืขื™ื.
02:46
You're essentially releasing gas bubbles in that fluid.
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ืืชื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื’ื– ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
02:49
That sound can also come from the tendons simply moving over each other.
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ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื”ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื–ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
02:53
Pretty common in the ankle,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืจืกื•ืœ,
02:55
so any of my fellow foot-wigglers out there
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
02:57
may suddenly find themselves curious about the tribology of tendons.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืชืื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืงืจืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื™ื.
03:02
But how does one become a tribologist like me?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืœื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื™?
03:06
It starts when you're a kid, of course.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
03:08
I was a ballerina growing up.
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ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”,
03:10
I reached the level where I was dancing on my toes,
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืจืžื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืจืงื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช,
03:12
or "en pointe."
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ืื• ื‘"ืคื•ื™ื ื˜".
03:14
Now, when you're dancing en pointe, you're wearing those amazing shoes,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘"ืคื•ื™ื ื˜" ืืชื ื ื•ืขืœื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
03:18
but they can be slippery on the stage.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
03:20
The last thing you want to do when you're trying to dance on your toes
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช
ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื•ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
03:24
is to slip and fall.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ.
03:25
So we had boxes of stuff called rosin.
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03:27
We would step into the rosin, put a light coating on our shoes.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืขืœ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
03:31
Rosin comes from tree sap
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ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืจืฃ ืขืฆื™ื
03:32
and, in its powdered form, makes things less slippery.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ืงื”, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื.
03:37
You learned real fast as a dancer
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ื›ืจืงื“ื ื™ืช ืืช ืœื•ืžื“ืช ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ
03:38
how much was the right amount to put on your shoes,
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
03:41
because if you didn't put enough on, you were probably going to slip
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ืฉืžืช ืžืกืคื™ืง, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืœื™ืงื”
03:44
due to the low friction between your shoe and the stage.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืขืœ ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ื‘ืžื”.
03:47
Best case scenario,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘,
03:48
you're the clumsy ballerina on stage,
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจืงื“ื ื™ืช ืžื’ื•ืฉืžืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”,
03:50
but the worst case scenario would be an injury.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ืคืฆื™ืขื”.
03:55
Already, I was optimizing and manipulating friction.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืื–, ืžื™ืงืกืžืชื™ ื•ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ืขื ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš.
03:59
You see, I was destined to be a tribologist.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื ื•ืขื“ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
04:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:04
But you were also a junior tribologist.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
04:07
When you used crayons or colored pencils,
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ื›ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจืชื ืขื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืื• ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื,
04:09
you knew that the harder you pressed, the darker the color.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืœื—ืฆื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง ื›ืš ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:13
You also knew this meant you were going to have to sharpen
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ืืชื ื’ื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื—ื“ื“
ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืื• ื”ืขืคืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:16
that crayon or colored pencil more frequently,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื—ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ.
04:18
because it was wearing down faster.
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04:20
Now let's talk about those enticing shiny waxed floors
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืฆืคื•ืช ืžืžื•ืจืงื•ืช, ืžื‘ื”ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช
04:23
that you just had to slide across.
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ืฉืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืœืื•ืจื›ืŸ.
04:26
You knew if you put on a pair of socks,
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ืืชื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื ืชื’ืจื‘ื• ื–ื•ื’ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื,
04:28
you were going to get a really good slide across that floor.
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ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:31
Good luck trying to do that barefoot.
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ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœื›ื ืื ืชื ืกื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื—ืคื™ื.
04:33
Master manipulators of friction.
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ืืชื ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš.
04:38
All kids are tribologists.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
04:39
What about us as adults?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื?
04:42
At some point today, you brushed your teeth.
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฆื—ืฆื—ืชื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
04:45
I hope.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”.
04:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:48
This is tribology in action.
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ื–ืืช ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
04:50
The toothpaste and toothbrush are working to remove or wear
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ืžืฉื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื•ืœืžืจืง
04:53
the plaque from your teeth.
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ืืช ื”ืคืœืืง ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
04:55
For the record, my dad is a dentist.
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ืจืง ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืจื•ืคื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
04:57
Never thought my career was going to circle back to the family business.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืชืกื’ื•ืจ ืžืขื’ืœ ืขื ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.
05:01
But one day, we found ourselves speaking the same language
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืคื”
05:04
when I was tasked with developing a test to investigate plaque removal.
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ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœืคืชื— ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืกืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืœืืง.
05:08
Sounded simple enough,
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ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
05:10
until I started to look at it as a tribologist,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
05:12
and then it became incredibly complex.
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
05:14
You have hard materials -- those would be your teeth --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ืงืฉื” -- ืืœื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื --
05:17
soft materials like your gums, the toothpaste, the toothbrush.
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ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืžืฉื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
05:21
There's lubrication -- the form of saliva and water --
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกื™ื›ื” -- ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืง ื•ืžื™ื --
05:24
the dynamics of the person doing the brushing and more.
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“.
05:27
I promise if we put diamonds in your toothpaste,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
05:30
you're going to remove that plaque.
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ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืœืืง.
05:33
Probably going to remove your teeth as well.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืชืกื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื.
05:35
So there's a fine balance to be had between wearing the plaque away
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืคืœืืง
05:39
and not damaging your teeth and gums.
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ื•ืœื ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
05:42
We're brushing our teeth because we ate.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื—ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื›ืœื ื•.
05:44
Eating is another routine thing we all do.
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ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
05:46
Seems simple enough.
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ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
05:48
But it's another field of tribology,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
05:49
and it's not so simple.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜.
05:51
You have the food, which will break and wear while you're eating,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”,
05:55
and that food is interacting with your teeth, your tongue,
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ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
05:57
your saliva, your throat.
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ื”ืจื•ืง ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
05:59
And all of those interactions are going to influence your experience of eating.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื.
06:04
I think you can all recall a moment where you tried something new
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืžืื›ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ
06:07
and you just found yourself going,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฉื™ืชื,
06:11
"Well, it tastes alright.
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื˜ืขื ืกื‘ื™ืจ,
06:12
I really don't like that texture."
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช".
06:15
Tribologists are looking at lubricity, the coefficient of friction,
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ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืš, ื”ืžืงื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš,
06:19
as ways to connect mouth feel and texture to what you're experiencing,
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคื” ื•ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื” ืœืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื,
06:24
so that if we're changing the formulations of what we're eating and drinking
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื
06:28
so the sugar content or fat content are different,
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ืื– ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
06:31
how does that change mouth feel?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคื”?
06:33
How do we quantify that?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืžืช ืืช ื–ื”?
06:35
This is what tribologists are looking to solve.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ.
06:38
And while my colleagues were in one corner of this lab
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืžื™ืชื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•
06:40
looking at the fat content of yogurt,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜,
06:42
I was in another corner
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ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช
06:44
studying dog food.
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ื•ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื.
06:45
That lab smelled really good, by the way, let me tell you.
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ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื•ืžืจ.
06:48
We all brush our teeth on a regular basis.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืฆื—ืฆื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
06:51
How many of us brush our pets' teeth?
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ื›ืžื” ืžืืชื ื• ืžืฆื—ืฆื—ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœื ื•?
06:55
Animals as adults commonly get periodontal disease,
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื ืฉื™ื, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื,
06:58
so we really should be brushing their teeth,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื,
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
07:00
and more pet owners are starting to do this.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™, ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ืœื—ืชื•ืœ ืฉืœื”, ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•.
07:02
I know my best friend is really great at brushing her cat's teeth, somehow.
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ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื—ืชื•ืœ ืฉืœื™.
07:05
Good luck trying to do that with my cat.
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07:07
So what pet food suppliers are trying to do
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:10
is incorporate plaque removal in things like treats.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืกื™ืจ ืคืœืืง ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื.
07:13
If you have a dog,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืœื‘,
07:14
you may have observed that you give a dog a treat,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ืœื‘ ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ,
07:17
and it magically seems to disappear after just one bite.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืขืœื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืคืœื ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
07:20
So the added challenge here is:
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ืื– ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื:
07:21
How do you remove plaque when you have one bite?
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ืื™ืš ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืคืœืืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“?
07:25
I developed a benchtop test to study this problem,
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ืื ื™ ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืกืฃ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
07:27
and to do so, I had to mimic the oral system of dogs:
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื:
07:30
their teeth, plaque, saliva.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคืœืืง ื•ื”ืจื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื.
07:33
And I used friction and wear measurements
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื•ืฉื—ื™ืงื”
07:35
to study the effectiveness of that treat on removing plaque.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ื”ืกืจืช ืคืœืืง.
07:40
If you're sitting there right now thinking about the last time
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
07:43
you didn't brush your dog's teeth, you're very welcome.
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ื‘ื” ืœื ืฆื—ืฆื—ืชื ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
07:46
But what's the big deal with tribology?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
07:48
Let me give you one more example.
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ืชื ื• ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
07:52
No matter where you are right now, you got to this location somehow.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข, ืืชื ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•.
07:55
Maybe you walked or rode your bike,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ืชื, ืื• ืจื›ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
07:57
but for most people in this room, you probably came in a car.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืจื›ื‘.
08:01
Just think about all the tribological systems in a car.
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ืจืง ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘.
08:04
You have your personal interactions with the car,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืขื ื”ืจื›ื‘,
08:06
the car's interactions with the road
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
08:08
and everything under the hood and in the drivetrain.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื ื™ืข.
08:11
Some routine maintenance is directly connected to tribology.
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ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
08:15
You know how many miles your tires are recommended for using
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
08:18
before you replace them.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื.
08:20
You regularly check the treads on those tires.
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ืืชื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื.
08:23
You're actively monitoring the wear of your tires.
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ืืชื ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
08:27
Tribology is the study of wear and friction,
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ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš,
08:31
and with tires, friction can be the difference between a safe arrival
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื
08:34
and a car accident.
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ื•ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
08:36
This is because the friction between your tires and the road
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
08:39
will influence your acceleration, your deceleration
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ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ืืฆื”, ื”ืื˜ื”
08:41
and your stopping distance.
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ื•ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื.
08:44
As a driver, you instinctively already know how important friction is,
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ื›ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš,
08:47
because you know that when the roads are wet,
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:49
they're more dangerous because they're slippery.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ื.
08:52
This is because the water is reducing the friction
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš
08:54
between your tires and the road.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
08:56
You may recall that friction is the force that opposes motion,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”,
08:59
so water reducing that force means it's now easier for you to move,
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ืื– ืžื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื›ื ืœื ื•ืข,
09:02
hence it's more slippery when the roads are wet.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืœื™ืง ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
09:06
Something else to consider
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ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•
09:08
is that overcoming friction takes energy,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื’ื•ื–ืœืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
09:11
so you're losing energy to friction.
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ืื– ืืชื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš.
09:13
This is one way your tires can influence your fuel efficiency.
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ื‘ื” ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืœืง ืฉืœื›ื.
09:16
And, in fact, did you know that about one-third of the fuel
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืœืง
09:19
that you put into your internal combustion engine vehicle
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ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื›ื
09:22
will be spent overcoming friction?
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ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื– ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš?
09:25
One-third.
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ.
09:27
Tribology research has helped us reduce friction
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ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš
09:30
and therefore increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืœืง ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช.
09:33
Holmberg and Erdemir have actually done some great studies
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ื”ื•ืœืžื‘ืจื’ ื•ืืจื“ืžื™ืจ ืขืจื›ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื
09:36
showing the impact tribology research can have
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ืฉื”ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
09:38
on reducing our energy consumption.
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ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
09:40
And they found that, looking over the span of 20 years,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 20 ืฉื ื”,
09:43
we had the opportunity to reduce
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช
09:45
the energy consumption of passenger vehicles
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ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
09:47
up to 60 percent.
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ืขื“ 60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
09:49
When you think about all the cars in the world,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื,
09:51
that's a lot of energy we can save.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš.
09:54
It's part of the nearly nine percent of our current global energy consumption
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืฉืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืกืš ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื
09:59
that the authors identified tribology can help us save.
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ืฉื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš.
10:03
That's a significant amount of energy.
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ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
10:05
So when you look at the numbers, tribology can do some amazing things.
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
10:10
My colleagues have identified up to 20 quads of energy
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ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื–ื™ื”ื• ืขื“ 20 ืงื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
10:13
we can save across the US alone.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ื“.
10:15
To put this in perspective:
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”:
10:16
one quad of energy is roughly equivalent to 180 million barrels of oil,
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ืงื•ื•ืื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืœ 180 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืŸ,
10:22
and tribology can help us save 20 times that.
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ื•ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืคื™ 20 ืžื–ื”.
10:25
This is through new materials, new lubricants,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
10:28
novel component design,
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ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™,
10:30
doing things like making wind turbines more efficient and reliable.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืžืช ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.
10:35
This happened just by putting 31 people in a room
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ืื ืจืง ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“ 30 ืื ืฉื™ื
10:37
who viewed the world through a tribology lens.
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ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
10:40
Imagine the opportunities that will reveal themselves
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืœื•
10:43
as more of us start to see tribology all around.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืชื ื• ื™ื’ืœื• ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
10:47
My favorite projects right now are in aerospace applications.
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
10:50
I love reducing wear and friction in these challenging environments.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืฉื›ื–ื•.
10:53
I can make materials and parts
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื
10:56
that will reduce the friction in moving components and engines
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ืฉื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืขื™ื
10:59
so that they have less force opposing their motion.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื”ื.
11:02
Less force to move means they require less power,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืœื ื•ืข ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—,
11:06
so you can use a smaller actuator,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
11:08
which would weigh less,
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ืฉื™ืฉืงืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช,
11:09
which saves fuel.
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ืฉื™ื—ืกื›ื• ื“ืœืง.
11:11
I can also help make parts that last longer through lower wear.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืจื“ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:15
This will reduce material waste
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
11:17
and also means we're manufacturing the parts less frequently,
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ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช,
11:20
so we're saving energy in manufacturing.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
11:22
I encourage you to start seeing tribology in the world around you
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื
11:26
and to think about how you would improve those interacting surfaces you experience.
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื.
11:30
Even the smallest improvements
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:32
really add up.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื.
11:35
Tribology may be a funny-sounding word,
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ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ืฉืžืขืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืง,
11:38
but it has a huge impact on our world.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•.
11:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
11:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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