The science of friction -- and its surprising impact on our lives | Jennifer Vail

64,440 views

2020-02-27 ใƒป TED


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The science of friction -- and its surprising impact on our lives | Jennifer Vail

64,440 views ใƒป 2020-02-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kevin Yang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I have to admit that it's a lot of fun
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์—…์ด ๋ญ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
00:15
when people ask me what I do for my job,
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์›ƒ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:17
because I tell them I literally rub things together.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ œ ์ง์—…์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น„๋น„๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:20
This sounds ridiculous,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋น„๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ
00:22
just rubbing things together.
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๋ง๋„์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:25
But it has a technical name:
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์—„์—ฐํžˆ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋ช…์นญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
tribology.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ Tribology(๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
T-r-i-b-o-l-o-g-y,
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T-r-i-b-o-l-o-g-y
00:33
from the ancient Greek word "tribos,"
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์ด ๋ช…์นญ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด์˜ 'tribos'
00:35
which means "to rub."
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์ฆ‰, '๋น„๋น„๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
It's a funny-sounding word you've probably never heard before,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:40
but I promise you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:41
discovering it changes your experience with the physical world.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Tribology has given me amazing projects.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:48
I've worked on materials that fly, and I've worked on dog food --
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๋‚ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
00:52
a combination that doesn't sound like one person has any business doing
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ธ์ง€
00:55
in the span of just a couple years,
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์˜์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
until you start to view the world through a tribological lens.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:02
And I think you'll be surprised
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:03
at how significant a little bit of tribology can be
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์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณตํ•™์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:07
in alleviating some very large problems.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:11
Tribology is the study of friction, wear and lubrication.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ, ๋งˆ๋ชจ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œคํ™œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
You have all experienced all three of these things.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ด ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Remember the last time you tried to move a heavy object across the floor,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋†“์ธ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
01:22
and you could just feel something resisting you?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:25
That would be friction.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Friction is the force that opposes motion.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:30
Wear is the loss or transfer of material.
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๋งˆ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ณ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
It's the reason you have to replace your favorite shoes,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
01:35
because eventually the soles disappear.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์‹ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์ฐฝ์ด ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹ณ์•„ ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear.
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์œคํ™œ์ œ์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
They loosen up those stubborn rusted bolts that just otherwise will not budge.
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ์œคํ™œ์ œ๋Š” ๋…น์Šฌ์–ด์„œ ๊ฟˆ์ ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š์Šจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:45
But tribology is also defined as the science of interacting surfaces
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ํ•œํŽธ, '์ƒ๋Œ€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ'์œผ๋กœ๋„
01:49
in relative motion.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
So, interacting surfaces in relative motion:
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'์ƒ๋Œ€์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ' ์ด๋ž€ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
01:57
there are a lot of those in the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ๋„ ํ”ํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”
01:59
As you're sitting there right now, are you wiggling your foot at all
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์•‰์•„์„œ ๋ฐœ ๊ผผ์ง€๋ฝ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
02:02
or maybe shifting around in your seat?
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์˜์ž์—์„œ ์˜ด์ง๋‹ฌ์‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค,
02:04
Because guess what? Tribology is happening.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Even the smallest shift in your seat
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•‰์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ด์ง ์›€์ง์ด์…”๋„
02:08
involves two surfaces moving relative to each other.
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๋‘ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์šด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And your tribological interaction for the shift
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์ž์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์šด๋™์€
02:14
will be different than the person next to you.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
This is because the clothes you're wearing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž…๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ์˜ท์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€
02:18
change the friction between you and the seat.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ์˜์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:21
If you're wearing silk, it's a little easier to squirm around in the seat
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฌ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์šธ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
02:24
than if you're wearing wool.
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์˜์ž์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฌ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ๋œ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
That's because the friction is lower for silk.
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02:29
If you're moving your ankle or wiggling your ankle at all,
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๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์„ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ๊นŒ๋”ฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:31
did it make a popping sound?
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๋˜‘๋”ฑ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:34
You've had that, right?
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์žˆ์ฃ ?
02:35
You get up, you move around, and some joint cracks or pops.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋˜‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Thank you for that sound, tribology.
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02:41
That sound can come from the fluid that lubricates your joints
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ˆ์„ ์œคํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฒด์•ก์ด
02:44
just moving around.
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์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:46
You're essentially releasing gas bubbles in that fluid.
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๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š”, ์ฒด์•ก ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
That sound can also come from the tendons simply moving over each other.
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ํž˜์ค„๋“ค์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋‚„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Pretty common in the ankle,
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ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋งŒํผ
02:55
so any of my fellow foot-wigglers out there
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์„ ๊นŒ๋‹ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
02:57
may suddenly find themselves curious about the tribology of tendons.
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๋ฌธ๋“ ํž˜์ค„์— ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:02
But how does one become a tribologist like me?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
03:06
It starts when you're a kid, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ด๋ ค์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฑ…์ด์ฃ .
03:08
I was a ballerina growing up.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ง์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
I reached the level where I was dancing on my toes,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ ๋ฐœ๋์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:12
or "en pointe."
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'ํ‘ธ์•™ํŠธ ์ž์„ธ'๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:14
Now, when you're dancing en pointe, you're wearing those amazing shoes,
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ํ‘ธ์•™ํŠธ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋ ค๋ฉด ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์œ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:18
but they can be slippery on the stage.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž˜ ๋ฏธ๋Œ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
The last thing you want to do when you're trying to dance on your toes
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๋ฐœ๋์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋Œ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:24
is to slip and fall.
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋“ค์€ ์†ก์ง„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž”๋œฉ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
So we had boxes of stuff called rosin.
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03:27
We would step into the rosin, put a light coating on our shoes.
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์†ก์ง„ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐŸ์•„์„œ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:31
Rosin comes from tree sap
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์†ก์ง„์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ˆ˜์•ก์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ
03:32
and, in its powdered form, makes things less slippery.
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๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋œ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
You learned real fast as a dancer
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
03:38
how much was the right amount to put on your shoes,
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์†ก์ง„์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
because if you didn't put enough on, you were probably going to slip
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋ž๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ
03:44
due to the low friction between your shoe and the stage.
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๋„˜์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹ญ์ƒ์ด๊ณ 
03:47
Best case scenario,
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์šด์ด ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด
03:48
you're the clumsy ballerina on stage,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:50
but the worst case scenario would be an injury.
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ๋ถ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:55
Already, I was optimizing and manipulating friction.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
You see, I was destined to be a tribologist.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์šด๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:04
But you were also a junior tribologist.
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์ €๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
When you used crayons or colored pencils,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌ๋ž˜์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ‰์—ฐํ•„์„ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:09
you knew that the harder you pressed, the darker the color.
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์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์น ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
You also knew this meant you were going to have to sharpen
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์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์น ํ•œ ํฌ๋ž˜์šฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ‰์—ฐํ•„์€
04:16
that crayon or colored pencil more frequently,
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๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ณ์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๊นŽ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
because it was wearing down faster.
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04:20
Now let's talk about those enticing shiny waxed floors
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๋˜ ๊ฐ“ ์™์Šค์น ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:23
that you just had to slide across.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์–Œ์ „ํžˆ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:26
You knew if you put on a pair of socks,
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์–‘๋ง์„ ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋Œ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
04:28
you were going to get a really good slide across that floor.
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๊ธฐ๋ง‰ํžŒ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
๋งจ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Good luck trying to do that barefoot.
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04:33
Master manipulators of friction.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋ฆด ์  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ์กฐ์ข…์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
All kids are tribologists.
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์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค์น˜๊ณ 
04:39
What about us as adults?
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์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
04:42
At some point today, you brushed your teeth.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
I hope.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:48
This is tribology in action.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์—๋„ ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
The toothpaste and toothbrush are working to remove or wear
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์น˜์•ฝ๊ณผ ์นซ์†”์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์—์„œ
04:53
the plaque from your teeth.
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ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ชจ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:55
For the record, my dad is a dentist.
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ์‹ ๋ฐ์š”
04:57
Never thought my career was going to circle back to the family business.
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๊ฐ€์—…์„ ์ด์–ด๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณค ์ƒ๊ฐ์น˜๋„ ์•Š๋˜ ์ฐจ์—
05:01
But one day, we found ourselves speaking the same language
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ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„๋ฐœ์„ ์˜๋ขฐ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
05:04
when I was tasked with developing a test to investigate plaque removal.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒน์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
05:08
Sounded simple enough,
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์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
05:10
until I started to look at it as a tribologist,
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋‹ˆ
05:12
and then it became incredibly complex.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
05:14
You have hard materials -- those would be your teeth --
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์น˜์•„์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์žฌ์งˆ๊ณผ
05:17
soft materials like your gums, the toothpaste, the toothbrush.
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์ž‡๋ชธ, ์น˜์•ฝ, ์นซ์†” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์žฌ์งˆ,
05:21
There's lubrication -- the form of saliva and water --
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์œคํ™œ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์นจ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ,
05:24
the dynamics of the person doing the brushing and more.
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์–‘์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์™„๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
I promise if we put diamonds in your toothpaste,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ์น˜์•ฝ์— ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
05:30
you're going to remove that plaque.
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ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Probably going to remove your teeth as well.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋นจ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:35
So there's a fine balance to be had between wearing the plaque away
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ชจ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ์น˜์•„์™€ ์ž‡๋ชธ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
05:39
and not damaging your teeth and gums.
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๊ท ํ˜•์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
We're brushing our teeth because we ate.
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์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:44
Eating is another routine thing we all do.
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์‹์‚ฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Seems simple enough.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ๋ณ„๋‚  ๊ฒŒ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:48
But it's another field of tribology,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹์‚ฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:49
and it's not so simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
You have the food, which will break and wear while you're eating,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ง€๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋˜๋ฉฐ
์น˜์•„, ํ˜€, ์นจ, ์‹๋„์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:55
and that food is interacting with your teeth, your tongue,
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05:57
your saliva, your throat.
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05:59
And all of those interactions are going to influence your experience of eating.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ๋“ค์€ ๊ณง ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
I think you can all recall a moment where you tried something new
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์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์‹์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
06:07
and you just found yourself going,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
"Well, it tastes alright.
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"์•„, ๋ง›์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€๋ฐ
06:12
I really don't like that texture."
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์งˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋ง˜์— ์•ˆ๋“œ๋„ค."
06:15
Tribologists are looking at lubricity, the coefficient of friction,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์œคํ™œ์˜ ์ •๋„, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:19
as ways to connect mouth feel and texture to what you're experiencing,
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์Œ์‹์˜ ์‹๊ฐ๊ณผ ์งˆ๊ฐ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
so that if we're changing the formulations of what we're eating and drinking
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์Œ์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:28
so the sugar content or fat content are different,
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06:31
how does that change mouth feel?
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์‹๊ฐ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ
06:33
How do we quantify that?
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๋˜, ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
06:35
This is what tribologists are looking to solve.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And while my colleagues were in one corner of this lab
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ํ•œ ํŽธ์—์„œ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด
06:40
looking at the fat content of yogurt,
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์š”๊ฑฐํŠธ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
06:42
I was in another corner
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ
06:44
studying dog food.
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๊ฐ•์•„์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
That lab smelled really good, by the way, let me tell you.
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์—ฌ๋‹ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:48
We all brush our teeth on a regular basis.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:51
How many of us brush our pets' teeth?
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์–‘์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:55
Animals as adults commonly get periodontal disease,
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์„ฑ์ฒด ๋™๋ฌผ์— ์น˜์ฃผ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
06:58
so we really should be brushing their teeth,
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ์–‘์น˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์Šต๊ด€์ด๊ณ 
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
and more pet owners are starting to do this.
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ค ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑด์ง€ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ์ž˜ ์ฐธ๋Š”๋‹ค๋˜๋ฐ
07:02
I know my best friend is really great at brushing her cat's teeth, somehow.
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07:05
Good luck trying to do that with my cat.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
07:07
So what pet food suppliers are trying to do
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์š”์ฆ˜์—” ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์‹์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
is incorporate plaque removal in things like treats.
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07:13
If you have a dog,
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์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
07:14
you may have observed that you give a dog a treat,
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๊ฐœํ•œํ…Œ ๊ฐ„์‹์„ ์คฌ๋”๋‹ˆ
07:17
and it magically seems to disappear after just one bite.
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ํ•œ ์ž… ๋งŒ์— ๊ฐ์ชฝ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
So the added challenge here is:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
07:21
How do you remove plaque when you have one bite?
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'ํ•œ ์ž… ๋งŒ์— ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€'
07:25
I developed a benchtop test to study this problem,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
and to do so, I had to mimic the oral system of dogs:
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์น˜์•„, ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ, ์นจ ๋“ฑ
07:30
their teeth, plaque, saliva.
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๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋œฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:33
And I used friction and wear measurements
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ชจ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์„œ
07:35
to study the effectiveness of that treat on removing plaque.
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๊ฐ„์‹์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
If you're sitting there right now thinking about the last time
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ ์–‘์น˜์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์  ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์กฐ์ฐจ ์•ˆ ๋‚˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค,
07:43
you didn't brush your dog's teeth, you're very welcome.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์€ ์…ˆ ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
But what's the big deal with tribology?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
07:48
Let me give you one more example.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
No matter where you are right now, you got to this location somehow.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  ์ด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์žฅ์— ์˜ค์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Maybe you walked or rode your bike,
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๋„๋ณด, ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:57
but for most people in this room, you probably came in a car.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Just think about all the tribological systems in a car.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:04
You have your personal interactions with the car,
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์šด์ „์ž์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฌ์ด,
08:06
the car's interactions with the road
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด,
๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
and everything under the hood and in the drivetrain.
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08:11
Some routine maintenance is directly connected to tribology.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ด์–ด ์ •๋น„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
You know how many miles your tires are recommended for using
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๊ถŒ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š”
08:18
before you replace them.
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
You regularly check the treads on those tires.
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด์˜ ์ ‘์ง€๋ฉด์€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
You're actively monitoring the wear of your tires.
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ณ์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ•ญ์‹œ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Tribology is the study of wear and friction,
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ ๋งˆ๋ชจ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
08:31
and with tires, friction can be the difference between a safe arrival
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด์˜ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์€ ๊ณง
08:34
and a car accident.
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์ฐจ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
This is because the friction between your tires and the road
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด์™€ ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ์ •๋„๋Š”
08:39
will influence your acceleration, your deceleration
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๊ฐ€์†๊ณผ ๊ฐ์†,
08:41
and your stopping distance.
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์ •์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
As a driver, you instinctively already know how important friction is,
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์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
08:47
because you know that when the roads are wet,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
08:49
they're more dangerous because they're slippery.
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๋” ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
This is because the water is reducing the friction
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๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ด์–ด์™€ ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜
08:54
between your tires and the road.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
You may recall that friction is the force that opposes motion,
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์€ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ง‰์•„์„œ๋Š” ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
so water reducing that force means it's now easier for you to move,
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๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ค„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:02
hence it's more slippery when the roads are wet.
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์ –์€ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋Œ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Something else to consider
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
is that overcoming friction takes energy,
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
so you're losing energy to friction.
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์ฆ‰, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
This is one way your tires can influence your fuel efficiency.
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒ€์ด์–ด์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
And, in fact, did you know that about one-third of the fuel
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜
09:19
that you put into your internal combustion engine vehicle
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1/3์ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
09:22
will be spent overcoming friction?
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09:25
One-third.
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1/3 ์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜์š”.
09:27
Tribology research has helped us reduce friction
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:30
and therefore increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ณตํ—Œ์„ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
Holmberg and Erdemir have actually done some great studies
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Holmberg์™€ Erdemir์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
09:36
showing the impact tribology research can have
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด
09:38
on reducing our energy consumption.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
And they found that, looking over the span of 20 years,
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„
09:43
we had the opportunity to reduce
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„
09:45
the energy consumption of passenger vehicles
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09:47
up to 60 percent.
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์ตœ๋Œ€ 60% ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
When you think about all the cars in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด
09:51
that's a lot of energy we can save.
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ฃ .
09:54
It's part of the nearly nine percent of our current global energy consumption
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์•ฝ 9% ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:59
that the authors identified tribology can help us save.
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์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
That's a significant amount of energy.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ฃ .
10:05
So when you look at the numbers, tribology can do some amazing things.
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์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
My colleagues have identified up to 20 quads of energy
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ
10:13
we can save across the US alone.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ 20์ฟผ๋“œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
To put this in perspective:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:16
one quad of energy is roughly equivalent to 180 million barrels of oil,
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1์ฟผ๋“œ๋Š” ์„์œ  ์•ฝ 1์–ต 8์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ด๊ณ ,
10:22
and tribology can help us save 20 times that.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ 20๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
This is through new materials, new lubricants,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์žฌ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œคํ™œ์ œ,
10:28
novel component design,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์„ค๊ณ„,
10:30
doing things like making wind turbines more efficient and reliable.
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๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
This happened just by putting 31 people in a room
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋‹จ์นธ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 31๋ช…์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€
10:37
who viewed the world through a tribology lens.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Imagine the opportunities that will reveal themselves
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:43
as more of us start to see tribology all around.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:47
My favorite projects right now are in aerospace applications.
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ํฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
I love reducing wear and friction in these challenging environments.
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๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋‚œ์ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋งŒํผ ํฐ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
I can make materials and parts
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
10:56
that will reduce the friction in moving components and engines
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์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์—”์ง„์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
10:59
so that they have less force opposing their motion.
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์ž‘๋™์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Less force to move means they require less power,
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๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ž‘๋™์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํž˜์ด ์ค„๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
11:06
so you can use a smaller actuator,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์ž‘๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด
11:08
which would weigh less,
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๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ 
11:09
which saves fuel.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
I can also help make parts that last longer through lower wear.
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๋˜ ๋งˆ๋ชจ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด
11:15
This will reduce material waste
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์›์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:17
and also means we're manufacturing the parts less frequently,
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๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ
11:20
so we're saving energy in manufacturing.
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์ œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
I encourage you to start seeing tribology in the world around you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒํ™œ ์†์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:26
and to think about how you would improve those interacting surfaces you experience.
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'์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ'์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Even the smallest improvements
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„
11:32
really add up.
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ํฐ ๋ณดํƒฌ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
Tribology may be a funny-sounding word,
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Tribology๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๊ฐ์ด ์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
11:38
but it has a huge impact on our world.
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๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํฐ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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