The power to think ahead in a reckless age | Bina Venkataraman

111,667 views ใƒป 2019-09-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:13
So in the winter of 2012,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 2012
00:15
I went to visit my grandmother's house
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ื”ื•ื“ื•,
00:17
in South India,
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00:19
a place, by the way,
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ื•ืฉื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
00:20
where the mosquitos have a special taste for the blood of the American-born.
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ื”ื™ืชื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืžื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
00:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:25
No joke.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
00:27
When I was there, I got an unexpected gift.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™ื”.
00:31
It was this antique instrument
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื”
00:34
made more than a century ago,
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื”,
00:36
hand-carved from a rare wood,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืขืฅ ื ื“ื™ืจ,
00:38
inlaid with pearls
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ืคื ื™ื ื™ื
00:40
and with dozens of metal strings.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืชืจื™ ืžืชื›ืช.
00:43
It's a family heirloom,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช,
00:46
a link between my past,
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ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™,
00:48
the country where my parents were born,
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ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื”ื•ืจื™,
00:50
and the future,
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
00:52
the unknown places I'll take it.
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ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื-ื ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืืงื— ืื•ืชื•.
00:55
I didn't actually realize it at the time I got it,
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ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”,
00:58
but it would later become a powerful metaphor for my work.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
01:02
We all know the saying,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื”,
01:04
"There's no time like the present."
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"ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”."
01:08
But nowadays, it can feel like there's no time but the present.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืคืจื˜ ืœื”ื•ื•ื”;
01:13
What's immediate and ephemeral seems to dominate our lives,
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ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืืจืขื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
01:17
our economy and our politics.
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ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:21
It's so easy to get caught up in the number of steps we took today
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ืงืœ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
01:26
or the latest tweet from a high-profile figure.
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ืื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช.
01:30
It's easy for businesses to get caught up in making immediate profits
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ืœืขืกืงื™ื, ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
01:35
and neglect what's good for future invention.
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ื•ืœื”ื–ื ื™ื— ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช.
01:40
And it's far too easy for governments to stand by
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืงืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
01:44
while fisheries and farmland are depleted
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ื›ืฉืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื“ื’ื” ื•ืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืœื“ืœื™ื
01:47
instead of conserved to feed future generations.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืจื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
01:52
I have a feeling that, at this rate,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”
01:54
it's going to be hard for our generation to be remembered as good ancestors.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืื‘ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
02:00
If you think about it, our species evolved to think ahead,
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ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชืคืชื— ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
02:04
to chart the stars,
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ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
02:07
dream of the afterlife,
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื,
02:09
sow seeds for later harvest.
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ืœื–ืจื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
02:12
Some scientists call this superpower that we have "mental time travel,"
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ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—-ื”ืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื• "ืžืกืข ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ",
02:17
and it's responsible for pretty much everything we call human civilization,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจืื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช",
02:21
from farming to the Magna Carta
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ืžื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘"ืžื’ื ื” ื›ืจื˜ื”"
02:24
to the internet --
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ --
02:26
all first conjured in the minds of humans.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื’ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
02:30
But let's get real:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื:
02:31
if we look around us today,
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ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:34
we don't exactly seem to be using this superpower quite enough,
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ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื›ื•ื—-ื”ืขืœ ื”ื–ื”,
02:40
and that begs the question: Why not?
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื?
02:44
What's wrong is how our communities, businesses and institutions are designed.
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ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืขืกืงื™ื ื• ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
02:49
They're designed in a way that's impairing our foresight.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช-ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:54
I want to talk to you about the three key mistakes
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช
02:57
that I think we're making.
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ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
02:59
The first mistake is what we measure.
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ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
03:03
When we look at the quarterly profits of a company
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”
03:06
or its near-term stock price,
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ืื• ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ,
03:09
that's often not a great measure
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ืืžืช-ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”
03:11
of whether that company is going to grow its market share
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ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื ืชื— ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœื”
ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื.
03:14
or be inventive in the long run.
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03:16
When we glue ourselves to the test scores that kids bring back from school,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื ืฆืžื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก,
03:21
that's not necessarily what's great for those kids' learning
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.
03:24
and curiosity in the long run.
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03:27
We're not measuring what really matters in the future.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
03:31
The second mistake we're making that impairs our foresight
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ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•,
03:34
is what we reward.
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ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื’ืžืœื™ื.
03:37
When we celebrate a political leader or a business leader
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื”ืœืœื™ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืื• ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื
03:40
for the disaster she just cleaned up
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ืขืœ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืชื™ืงื ื”
03:44
or the announcement she just made,
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ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”
03:46
we're not motivating that leader
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกื™ื‘ื”
03:48
to invest in preventing those disasters in the first place,
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
03:52
or to put down payments on the future by protecting communities from floods
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ืื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช
03:56
or fighting inequality
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ
03:58
or investing in research and education.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
04:02
The third mistake that impairs our foresight
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ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•
04:06
is what we fail to imagine.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
04:10
Now, when we do think about the future,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
04:12
we tend to focus on predicting exactly what's next,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช,
04:15
whether we're using horoscopes or algorithms to do that.
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ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื•ืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื ืื• ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื.
04:19
But we spend a lot less time imagining all the possibilities the future holds.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
04:26
When the Ebola outbreak emerged in 2014 in West Africa,
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ื›ืฉืคืจืฆื” ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘-ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘-2014,
04:31
public health officials around the world had early warning signs
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ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื
04:34
and predictive tools
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ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™
04:37
that showed how that outbreak might spread,
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ืฉื”ืจืื• ืื™ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜,
04:40
but they failed to fathom that it would,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืืžื ื ื™ืงืจื”,
04:44
and they failed to act in time to intervene,
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ื•ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
04:46
and the epidemic grew to kill more than 11,000 people.
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ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-11,000 ื ืคืฉ.
04:50
When people with lots of resources and good forecasts
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
04:53
don't prepare for deadly hurricanes,
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ืื™ื ื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื™ื,
04:56
they're often failing to imagine how dangerous they can be.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
05:03
Now, none of these mistakes that I've described,
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ืืฃ ืœื ืื—ืช ืžื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™,
05:05
as dismal as they might sound,
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ืžื“ื›ื“ื›ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื”,
05:07
are inevitable.
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช-ื’ื•ืจืœ.
05:09
In fact, they're all avoidable.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขื”.
05:13
What we need to make better decisions about the future
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ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
05:15
are tools that can aid our foresight,
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ื”ื ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•,
05:17
tools that can help us think ahead.
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ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
05:20
Think of these as something like the telescopes
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืขืœ ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืคื™ื
05:22
that ship captains of yore used when they scanned the horizon.
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ืฉืงื‘ืจื ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื ืขื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืง.
05:26
Only instead of for looking across distance and the ocean,
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ืืœื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื,
05:31
these tools are for looking across time to the future.
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ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
05:35
I want to share with you a few of the tools
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™
05:38
that I've found in my research
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05:40
that I think can help us with foresight.
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ื•ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“.
05:43
The first tool I want to share with you
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื
05:45
I think of as making the long game pay now.
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ื”ื•ื "ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•".
05:49
This is Wes Jackson, a farmer I spent some time with in Kansas.
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ื–ื”ื• ื•ื•ืก ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ, ื—ืงืœืื™ ืฉืืฆืœื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื ื–ืก.
05:53
And Jackson knows
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ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข
05:54
that the way that most crops are grown around the world today
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ืฉื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื
05:58
is stripping the earth of the fertile topsoil
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ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืžื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื”
06:01
we need to feed future generations.
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ืฉื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
06:04
He got together with a group of scientists,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
06:06
and they bred perennial grain crops which have deep roots
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ื•ื”ื ื˜ื™ืคื—ื• ื–ื ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื
06:11
that anchor the fertile topsoil of a farm,
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ืฉืžืขื’ื ื™ื ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”,
06:13
preventing erosion and protecting future harvests.
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืกื—ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
06:17
But they also knew
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ
06:18
that in order to get farmers to grow these crops in the short run,
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ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ,
06:22
they needed to boost the annual yields of the crops
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
06:25
and find companies willing to make cereal and beer using the grains
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืชื‘ื•ืื” ื–ื•
06:30
so that farmers could reap profits today by doing what's good for tomorrow.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืชื•ืš ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื—ืจ.
06:35
And this is a tried-and-true strategy.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื—ืช.
06:37
In fact, it was used by George Washington Carver
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืงืืจื‘ืจ
06:40
in the South of the United States after the Civil War
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
06:43
in the early 20th century.
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
06:45
A lot of people have probably heard of Carver's 300 uses for the peanut,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ 300 ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืืจื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื,
06:50
the products and recipes that he came up with
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื
06:53
that made the peanut so popular.
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ื•ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
06:56
But not everyone knows why Carver did that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื” ืงืืจื‘ืจ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
06:59
He was trying to help poor Alabama sharecroppers
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืืจื™ืกื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืœื‘ืžื”
07:02
whose cotton yields were declining,
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ื™ื“ืœื“ืœื•,
07:05
and he knew that planting peanuts in their fields
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉืฉืชื™ืœืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืชืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื”,
07:07
would replenish those soils
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉืชืคืจื•.
07:09
so that their cotton yields would be better a few years later.
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07:12
But he also knew it needed to be lucrative for them in the short run.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื’ื ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ.
07:16
Alright, so let's talk about another tool for foresight.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื‘ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช-ื ื•ืœื“.
07:19
This one I like to think of as keeping the memory of the past alive
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื•
"ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“".
07:24
to help us imagine the future.
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07:27
So I went to Fukushima, Japan
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืคื•ืงื•ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืคืŸ
07:29
on the sixth anniversary of the nuclear reactor disaster there
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื
07:32
that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of 2011.
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื‘-2011 ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ื”ื•ืงื•.
07:37
When I was there, I learned about the Onagawa Nuclear Power Station,
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ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืฉื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืื•ื ื’ืื•ื•ื”,
07:41
which was even closer to the epicenter of that earthquake
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืขืฉ
07:44
than the infamous Fukushima Daiichi that we all know about.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื” ืคื•ืงื•ืฉื™ืžื” ื“ืื™ืฆ'ื™, ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
07:48
In Onagawa, people in the city actually fled to the nuclear power plant
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ื‘ืื•ื ืื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืžืœื˜ื• ืืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช
07:53
as a place of refuge.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื” ืžื—ืกื”.
07:55
It was that safe.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
07:57
It was spared by the tsunamis.
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ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ื ืœื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื”.
08:00
It was the foresight of just one engineer,
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ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
08:02
Yanosuke Hirai,
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ื™ืื ื•ืกื•ืงื” ื”ื™ืจืื™,
08:04
that made that happen.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืืช ื–ื”.
08:06
In the 1960s, he fought to build that power plant
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ื•ื ื ืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—
08:10
farther back from the coast
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ื”ืจื—ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ
08:12
at higher elevation and with a higher sea wall.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื ื—ื•ืžืช ื’ืœื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:16
He knew the story of his hometown shrine,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื•,
08:20
which had flooded in the year 869 after a tsunami.
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 869.
08:24
It was his knowledge of history that allowed him to imagine
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ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
08:28
what others could not.
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ืžื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื•.
08:31
OK, one more tool of foresight.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช-ื ื•ืœื“.
08:34
This one I think of as creating shared heirlooms.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.
08:38
These are lobster fishermen on the Pacific coast of Mexico,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
08:41
and they're the ones who taught me this.
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ื•ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:44
They have protected their lobster harvest there
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ื”ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื™ื’ ื”ืœื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื
08:46
for nearly a century,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืื” ืฉื ื”,
08:49
and they've done that by treating it as a shared resource
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ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืขืฉื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืœ ืžืฉืื‘ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
08:52
that they're passing on to their collected children and grandchildren.
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ื”ื.
08:55
They carefully measure what they catch
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ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื
08:58
so that they're not taking the breeding lobster out of the ocean.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื.
09:02
Across North America, there are more than 30 fisheries
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ 30 ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื“ื’ื”
09:05
that are doing something vaguely similar to this.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช.
09:08
They're creating long-term stakes in the fisheries known as catch shares
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžื“ื’ื” ืžืกื•ื’ "ืžื“ื’ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™"
09:13
which get fishermen to be motivated
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ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื
09:15
not just in taking whatever they can from the ocean today
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ืœื ืกืชื ืœื“ื•ื’ ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
09:19
but in its long-term survival.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื.
09:23
Now there are many, many more tools of foresight
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช-ื ื•ืœื“
09:25
I would love to share with you,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื›ื,
09:27
and they come from all kinds of places:
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ื•ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช:
09:29
investment firms that look beyond near-term stock prices,
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ื‘ืชื™-ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ,
09:32
states that have freed their elections
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื—ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช
09:34
from the immediate interests of campaign financiers.
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ืžืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืžื ื™ ืžืกืขื•ืช-ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:39
And we're going to need to marshal as many of these tools as we can
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืžืืœื”
09:43
if we want to rethink what we measure,
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ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
09:45
change what we reward
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ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืื—ืจืช
09:47
and be brave enough to imagine what lies ahead.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
09:52
Not all this is going to be easy, as you can imagine.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืชืืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื.
09:57
Some of these tools we can pick up in our own lives,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
10:00
some we're going to need to do in businesses or in communities,
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ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืื• ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
10:05
and some we need to do as a society.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”.
10:09
The future is worth this effort.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื”.
10:15
My own inspiration to keep up this effort is the instrument I shared with you.
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ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื.
10:19
It's called a dilruba,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ื“ื™ืœืจื•ื‘ื”".
10:22
and it was custom-made for my great-grandfather.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื‘-ืกื‘ื™,
10:25
He was a well-known music and art critic in India
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ-ืืžื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืื“ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
10:28
in the early 20th century.
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
10:32
My great-grandfather had the foresight to protect this instrument
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ืกื‘-ืกื‘ื™ ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื”
10:37
at a time when my great-grandmother was pawning off all their belongings,
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ื›ืฉืกื‘-ืกื‘ืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื›ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื ื•,
10:41
but that's another story.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
10:45
He protected it by giving it to the next generation,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
10:48
by giving it to my grandmother,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžืกืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื‘ืชื™,
10:50
and she gave it to me.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™.
10:54
When I first heard the sound of this instrument,
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ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื”,
10:57
it haunted me.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ื•ืฉืคืช.
10:59
It felt like hearing a wanderer in the Himalayan fog.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื ื•ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืจืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”.
11:05
It felt like hearing a voice from the past.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืงื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
11:08
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
11:44
(Music ends)
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(ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
11:49
That's my friend Simran Singh playing the dilruba.
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ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืจืืŸ ืกื™ื ื’' ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืœืจื•ื‘ื”.
11:53
When I play it, it sounds like a cat's dying somewhere,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื’ื ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื—ืชื•ืœ ื’ื•ืกืก,
11:56
so you're welcome.
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ืื– ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื›ื.
11:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:00
This instrument is in my home today,
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™,
12:03
but it doesn't actually belong to me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื™.
12:06
It's my role to shepherd it in time,
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
12:10
and that feels more meaningful to me than just owning it for today.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืชื ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
12:15
This instrument positions me as both a descendant and an ancestor.
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ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ื•ื›ืื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื-ื™ื—ื“.
12:23
It makes me feel part of a story bigger than my own.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™.
12:28
And this, I believe,
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ื•ื–ื”, ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”,
12:30
is the single most powerful way we can reclaim foresight:
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“:
12:35
by seeing ourselves as the good ancestors we long to be,
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
12:41
ancestors not just to our own children
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ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืžื”ื•ืช ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืฆืืฆืื™ื ื• ืื ื•,
12:45
but to all humanity.
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ืืœื ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.
12:48
Whatever your heirloom is,
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื›ื,
12:52
however big or small,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืงื˜ื ื” ืื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
12:55
protect it
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ื”ื’ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”
12:58
and know that its music can resonate for generations.
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ื•ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื“ื”ื“ ืœื“ื•ืจื™-ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
13:02
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
13:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืขื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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