The power to think ahead in a reckless age | Bina Venkataraman

112,147 views

2019-09-17 ・ TED


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The power to think ahead in a reckless age | Bina Venkataraman

112,147 views ・ 2019-09-17

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yunjung Nam κ²€ν† : Jungmin Hwang
00:13
So in the winter of 2012,
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2012λ…„ κ²¨μšΈμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:15
I went to visit my grandmother's house
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μ €λŠ” 남인도에 μžˆλŠ” ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ λŒμ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŸ¬ κ°”μ—ˆμ£ .
00:17
in South India,
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00:19
a place, by the way,
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그런데 κ·Έκ³³μ—λŠ”
00:20
where the mosquitos have a special taste for the blood of the American-born.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ ν”Όλ₯Ό νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨κΈ°λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:25
No joke.
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농담이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
00:27
When I was there, I got an unexpected gift.
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μ œκ°€ κ±°κΈ° μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ, λœ»λ°–μ˜ 선물을 ν•˜λ‚˜ λ°›μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
00:31
It was this antique instrument
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그건 λ°”λ‘œ κ³¨λ™ν’ˆμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
00:34
made more than a century ago,
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ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ° 전에 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°
00:36
hand-carved from a rare wood,
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ν¬κ·€ν•œ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 직접 κΉŽμ•„
00:38
inlaid with pearls
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진주와 κΈˆμ† μ€„λ‘œ
00:40
and with dozens of metal strings.
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치μž₯된 λ¬Όκ±΄μ΄μ˜€μ£ .
00:43
It's a family heirloom,
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그건 κ°€λ¬Έμ˜ 가보 같은 κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
00:46
a link between my past,
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제 과거와,
00:48
the country where my parents were born,
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저희 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨λ˜ κ³³,
00:50
and the future,
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그리고 μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” 미래 사이λ₯Ό 이어 μ£ΌλŠ”
00:52
the unknown places I'll take it.
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연결고리와도 κ°™μ•˜μ£ .
00:55
I didn't actually realize it at the time I got it,
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μ œκ°€ κ³¨λ™ν’ˆμ„ 받을 λ•Œλ§Œ 해도 μ €λŠ” 사싀 κ·Έκ±Έ 깨닫지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:58
but it would later become a powerful metaphor for my work.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 그것은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ €μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ£Όμ œμ˜μ‹μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:02
We all know the saying,
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저희 λͺ¨λ‘ 이 속담을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:04
"There's no time like the present."
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"μ§€κΈˆκ³Ό 같은 μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ—†λ‹€."
01:08
But nowadays, it can feel like there's no time but the present.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš”μ¦˜μ—λŠ” ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ—†λŠ” 것 같이 λŠκ»΄μ Έμš”.
01:13
What's immediate and ephemeral seems to dominate our lives,
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μˆœκ°„μ μ΄κ³  이슬처럼 μ‚¬λΌμ§€λŠ” 것듀은 우리의 μ‚Ά, κ²½μ œμ™€ μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό
01:17
our economy and our politics.
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μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 것 처럼 보이죠.
01:21
It's so easy to get caught up in the number of steps we took today
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 였늘 λͺ‡ κ±ΈμŒμ΄λ‚˜ κ±Έμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, 유λͺ…인이 방금 νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ— 무엇을 μ˜¬λ ΈλŠ”μ§€μ—
01:26
or the latest tweet from a high-profile figure.
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μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘νžˆλŠ” 것은 ꡉμž₯히 쉽죠.
01:30
It's easy for businesses to get caught up in making immediate profits
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기업이 단기적 μˆ˜μ΅μ°½μΆœμ— ν˜ˆμ•ˆμ΄ λ˜μ–΄, 미래의 투자λ₯Ό λ“±ν•œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것도
01:35
and neglect what's good for future invention.
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맀우 μ‰¬μš΄ 일이죠.
01:40
And it's far too easy for governments to stand by
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미래 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ–‘μ–΄μž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 농경지λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
01:44
while fisheries and farmland are depleted
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μ΄λŠ” λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ†Œλͺ¨λ˜κ³  있고, μ •λΆ€κ°€ 그것을
01:47
instead of conserved to feed future generations.
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λ°©κ΄€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ°€λ§Œνžˆ μžˆλŠ” 것 λ˜ν•œ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μ‰¬μš΄ 일이죠.
01:52
I have a feeling that, at this rate,
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μ œκ°€ λŠλΌκΈ°μ—, μ΄λŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄,
01:54
it's going to be hard for our generation to be remembered as good ancestors.
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우리 μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ 쒋은 μ‘°μƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅ 되긴 μ’€ 어렡지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒ μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
02:00
If you think about it, our species evolved to think ahead,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄, 저희 인λ₯˜λŠ” μ•žμ„ 내닀보도둝 μ§„ν™”ν–ˆμ£ .
02:04
to chart the stars,
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λ³„μžλ¦¬λ‘œ 점을 치고,
02:07
dream of the afterlife,
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사후 세계λ₯Ό 꿈꾸고,
02:09
sow seeds for later harvest.
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μΆ”μˆ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 씨λ₯Ό 뿌리죠.
02:12
Some scientists call this superpower that we have "mental time travel,"
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μ–΄λ–€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 초인적 λŠ₯λ ₯을 "정신적 μ‹œκ°„ μ—¬ν–‰"이라 λΆ€λ₯΄κ³ ,
02:17
and it's responsible for pretty much everything we call human civilization,
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이 λŠ₯λ ₯이 λ°”λ‘œ 인λ₯˜κ°€ 생각해내어 λ§ˆμˆ μ„ 뢀리듯이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ
02:21
from farming to the Magna Carta
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λ†κ²½μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ§ˆκ·Έλ‚˜μΉ΄λ₯΄νƒ€, 그리고 인터넷에 이λ₯΄λŠ”
02:24
to the internet --
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인λ₯˜ λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ 거의 λͺ¨λ“  것을
02:26
all first conjured in the minds of humans.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ£ .
02:30
But let's get real:
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ, μ†”μ§ν•˜κ²Œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
02:31
if we look around us today,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  우리의 주변을 λ‘˜λŸ¬λ³΄λ©΄,
02:34
we don't exactly seem to be using this superpower quite enough,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 초λŠ₯λ ₯을 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것 같진 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
02:40
and that begs the question: Why not?
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μ™œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒλΌλŠ” 의문이 생기죠.
02:44
What's wrong is how our communities, businesses and institutions are designed.
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잘λͺ»λœ 것은 우리의 곡동체, 사업, 기업듀이 μ„€κ³„λœ λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
They're designed in a way that's impairing our foresight.
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우리의 선견지λͺ…을 λ°œνœ˜ν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:54
I want to talk to you about the three key mistakes
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저희가 μ§€κΈˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„Έ 가지 μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό
02:57
that I think we're making.
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λ§μ”€λ“œλ €λ³ΌκΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
The first mistake is what we measure.
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첫 번째 μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
When we look at the quarterly profits of a company
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 뢄기별 μˆ˜μ΅μ΄λ‚˜ 단기 μ£Όκ°€ μ§€μˆ˜ λ“±μ˜
03:06
or its near-term stock price,
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μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό λ•Œ,
03:09
that's often not a great measure
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κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ‹œμž₯ 점유율이 증가할지,
03:11
of whether that company is going to grow its market share
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μž₯기적으둜 독창성을 λ°œνœ˜ν• μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ”
03:14
or be inventive in the long run.
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쒋은 μ§€ν‘œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
03:16
When we glue ourselves to the test scores that kids bring back from school,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ κ·€κ°€ν•œ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ‹œν—˜ μ μˆ˜μ— 집착할 λ•Œ,
03:21
that's not necessarily what's great for those kids' learning
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그것이 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ·Έ μ•„μ΄μ˜ μž₯기적인 ν•™μŠ΅κ³Ό ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ—
03:24
and curiosity in the long run.
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도움이 λ˜λŠ” 것은 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:27
We're not measuring what really matters in the future.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ— 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것듀은 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
The second mistake we're making that impairs our foresight
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우리의 선견지λͺ…에 지μž₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” 두 번째 μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ”
03:34
is what we reward.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 λ³΄μƒν•˜λŠ”μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
When we celebrate a political leader or a business leader
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μ •μΉ˜μ  μ§€λ„μžλ‚˜ κΈ°μ—…κ°€κ°€ ν•΄κ²°ν•œ μž¬μ•™μ΄λ‚˜
03:40
for the disaster she just cleaned up
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방금 λ°œν‘œν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄
03:44
or the announcement she just made,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°¬μ–‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
03:46
we're not motivating that leader
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 리더가 μž¬μ•™μ„
03:48
to invest in preventing those disasters in the first place,
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μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜λŠ”λ° νˆ¬μžν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, ν™μˆ˜λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 곡동체λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
03:52
or to put down payments on the future by protecting communities from floods
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λΆˆν‰λ“±κ³Ό μ‹Έμš΄λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜, 연ꡬ와 κ΅μœ‘μ— νˆ¬μžν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
03:56
or fighting inequality
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 투자λ₯Ό ν•˜λ„λ‘
03:58
or investing in research and education.
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동기λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
The third mistake that impairs our foresight
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우리의 선견지λͺ…을 μ†μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ„Έ 번째 μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ”
04:06
is what we fail to imagine.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Now, when we do think about the future,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 생각할 λ•Œ,
04:12
we tend to focus on predicting exactly what's next,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒμ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 될지 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ£ .
04:15
whether we're using horoscopes or algorithms to do that.
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λ³„μžλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ˜, μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λ˜ 이 ν˜„μƒμ€ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
But we spend a lot less time imagining all the possibilities the future holds.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 미래의 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μƒμƒν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ 적은 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
When the Ebola outbreak emerged in 2014 in West Africa,
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2014λ…„ μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 에볼라가 νΌμ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ,
04:31
public health officials around the world had early warning signs
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전세계 곡곡보건 κ΄€λ£Œλ“€μ€ 에볼라가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°ˆμ§€λ₯Ό
04:34
and predictive tools
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보여쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” 초기 경보 μ‹ ν˜Έμ™€
04:37
that showed how that outbreak might spread,
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μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 도ꡬ가 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:40
but they failed to fathom that it would,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 그듀은 이λ₯Ό μ§μž‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκ³ ,
04:44
and they failed to act in time to intervene,
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μ μ ˆν•œ μ‹œκΈ°μ— κ°œμž…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
and the epidemic grew to kill more than 11,000 people.
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κ²°κ΅­ κ·Έ 전염병은 μ»€μ Έμ„œ 만천 μ—¬λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ λΉΌμ•—μ•„κ°”μ£ .
04:50
When people with lots of resources and good forecasts
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λ§Žμ€ μžμ›κ³Ό 쒋은 예보λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
04:53
don't prepare for deadly hurricanes,
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치λͺ…적인 ν—ˆλ¦¬μΌ€μΈμ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ,
04:56
they're often failing to imagine how dangerous they can be.
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그듀은 μ’…μ’… μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ»€μ§ˆμ§€ μƒμƒν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜μ£ .
05:03
Now, none of these mistakes that I've described,
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μ œκ°€ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦° 이 μ‹€μˆ˜λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘
05:05
as dismal as they might sound,
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λΉ„μ°Έν•΄ 보이긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
05:07
are inevitable.
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λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
In fact, they're all avoidable.
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사싀, κ·Έ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό ν”Όν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
What we need to make better decisions about the future
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 선택을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은
05:15
are tools that can aid our foresight,
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우리의 선견지λͺ…에 도움이 되고,
05:17
tools that can help us think ahead.
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미래λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ‹€λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” λ„κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
Think of these as something like the telescopes
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지평선을 찾을 λ•Œ μ˜›λ‚  μ„ μž₯듀이 μ“°λ˜
05:22
that ship captains of yore used when they scanned the horizon.
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망원경 같은 거라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
05:26
Only instead of for looking across distance and the ocean,
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멀리 λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό κ±΄λ„ˆμ„œ λ³΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
05:31
these tools are for looking across time to the future.
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ±΄λ„ˆ 미래λ₯Ό 내닀보기 μœ„ν•œ λ„κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
I want to share with you a few of the tools
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제 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ•Œκ²Œ 된,
05:38
that I've found in my research
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우리의 선견지λͺ…에 도움이 λ˜λŠ”
05:40
that I think can help us with foresight.
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도ꡬλ₯Ό λͺ‡ 가지 μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ €λŠ”λ°μš”.
05:43
The first tool I want to share with you
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μ œκ°€ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄ 첫 번째 λ„κ΅¬λŠ”
05:45
I think of as making the long game pay now.
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μž₯기전을 λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€κΈˆ μ§€μΆœμ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
This is Wes Jackson, a farmer I spent some time with in Kansas.
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이뢄은 μ œκ°€ μΊ”μžμŠ€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ‚¬λ˜ 농뢀인 μ›¨μŠ€ μž­μŠ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
And Jackson knows
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μž­μŠ¨μ”¨λŠ” μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:54
that the way that most crops are grown around the world today
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 미래 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό λΆ€μ–‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ λΉ„μ˜₯ν•œ ν‘œμΈ΅ν† λ₯Ό
05:58
is stripping the earth of the fertile topsoil
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜„μž¬ κΈ°λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ΄
06:01
we need to feed future generations.
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λ²—κ²¨λ‚΄μ„œ μ—†μ• κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
06:04
He got together with a group of scientists,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ³Όν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό λͺ¨μ—¬,
06:06
and they bred perennial grain crops which have deep roots
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농μž₯의 λΉ„μ˜₯ν•œ ν‘œμΈ΅ν† λ₯Ό κ³ μ •μ‹œν‚¬ 수 있게
06:11
that anchor the fertile topsoil of a farm,
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깊게 뿌리λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” 닀년생 곑물을 심어
06:13
preventing erosion and protecting future harvests.
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침식을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κ³ , 미래의 μˆ˜ν™•λ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
But they also knew
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그듀은 λ˜ν•œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
06:18
that in order to get farmers to grow these crops in the short run,
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농뢀듀이 단기간에 κ·Έ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ„ μ„±μž₯μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”,
06:22
they needed to boost the annual yields of the crops
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λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ˜ μ—°κ°„ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
06:25
and find companies willing to make cereal and beer using the grains
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κ·Έ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ”¨λ¦¬μ–Όμ΄λ‚˜ λ§₯μ£Όλ₯Ό μ œμ‘°ν•  νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
06:30
so that farmers could reap profits today by doing what's good for tomorrow.
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농뢀듀이 미래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 선행을 ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ ν˜„μž¬μ—λ„ 이읡을 κ±°λ‘˜ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘μš”.
06:35
And this is a tried-and-true strategy.
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이것은 μœ νš¨μ„±μ΄ 증λͺ…λœ μ „λž΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
In fact, it was used by George Washington Carver
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사싀, 이것은 20μ„ΈκΈ° 초반 λ‚΄μ „ 직후
06:40
in the South of the United States after the Civil War
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λ―Έκ΅­ 남뢀 쑰지 μ›Œμ‹±λ˜ 카버에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ
06:43
in the early 20th century.
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μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
06:45
A lot of people have probably heard of Carver's 300 uses for the peanut,
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μΉ΄λ²„μ˜ 300가지 땅콩 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ 듀어보셨을텐데
06:50
the products and recipes that he came up with
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κ·Έκ°€ κ³ μ•ˆν•΄λ‚Έ μ œν’ˆκ³Ό μš”λ¦¬λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 인해
06:53
that made the peanut so popular.
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λ•…μ½©μ˜ 인가가 λ†’μ•„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
But not everyone knows why Carver did that.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아무도 μ™œ 카버가 그런 일을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
06:59
He was trying to help poor Alabama sharecroppers
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•ŒλΌλ°°λ§ˆμ˜ κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ†Œμž‘μΈλ“€μ„ λ„μš°λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:02
whose cotton yields were declining,
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μ†Œμž‘μΈλ“€μ˜ λ©΄ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ€ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
07:05
and he knew that planting peanuts in their fields
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κ·ΈλŠ” 농μž₯에 땅콩을 μ‹¬λŠ” 것이 토양을 λΉ„μ˜₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μ—¬
07:07
would replenish those soils
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λ©΄ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ΄ λͺ‡ λ…„ 후에
07:09
so that their cotton yields would be better a few years later.
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증가할 κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
07:12
But he also knew it needed to be lucrative for them in the short run.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μΉ΄λ²„λŠ” 그듀이 단기적인 μˆ˜μ΅λ„ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것도 염두에 λ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
Alright, so let's talk about another tool for foresight.
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선견지λͺ…을 μœ„ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 도ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄ 보죠.
07:19
This one I like to think of as keeping the memory of the past alive
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이것은 과거의 기얡을 μƒμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
to help us imagine the future.
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저희가 미래λ₯Ό 상상할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 말이죠.
07:27
So I went to Fukushima, Japan
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2011λ…„ ν† ν˜Έκ΅¬ λŒ€μ§€μ§„κ³Ό μ“°λ‚˜λ―Έ 이후 방사λŠ₯이 μœ μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
07:29
on the sixth anniversary of the nuclear reactor disaster there
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μ €λŠ” 유좜 μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 6주년에
07:32
that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of 2011.
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일본 ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
When I was there, I learned about the Onagawa Nuclear Power Station,
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μ œκ°€ κ±°κΈ° μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ, μ˜€λ‚˜κ°€μ™€ ν•΅λ°œμ „μ†Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ²Œ 됐죠.
07:41
which was even closer to the epicenter of that earthquake
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그곳은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆ λ‹€μ΄μΉ˜λ³΄λ‹€
07:44
than the infamous Fukushima Daiichi that we all know about.
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μ§€μ§„μ˜ 진앙에 더 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:48
In Onagawa, people in the city actually fled to the nuclear power plant
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μ˜€λ‚˜κ°€μ™€μ—μ„œλŠ”, μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ ν•΅λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό ν”Όλ‚œμ²˜λ‘œ μ‚Όκ³ 
07:53
as a place of refuge.
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그곳으둜 λ„λ§κ°”μ–΄μš”.
07:55
It was that safe.
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λ°œμ „μ†ŒλŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μ•ˆμ „ν–ˆμ£ .
07:57
It was spared by the tsunamis.
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μ“°λ‚˜λ―Έλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό 거의 받지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
It was the foresight of just one engineer,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 λ°”λ‘œ
08:02
Yanosuke Hirai,
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μ•Όλ…ΈμŠ€μΌ€ νžˆλΌμ΄λΌλŠ” ν•œ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄μ˜
08:04
that made that happen.
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선견지λͺ… λ•λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
08:06
In the 1960s, he fought to build that power plant
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1960λ…„λŒ€, κ·ΈλŠ” λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό ν•΄μ•ˆκ°€μ—μ„œ 멀리 떨어진
08:10
farther back from the coast
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높은 고도에 더 높은 λ°©νŒŒμ œμ™€
08:12
at higher elevation and with a higher sea wall.
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건섀할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 적극 μΆ”μ§„ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
He knew the story of his hometown shrine,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ³ ν–₯ μ‹ μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ „ν•΄μ§€λ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
08:20
which had flooded in the year 869 after a tsunami.
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869λ…„, μ“°λ‚˜λ―Έ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그곳이 μΉ¨μˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이야기λ₯Όμš”.
08:24
It was his knowledge of history that allowed him to imagine
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그의 역사 지식은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 것을
08:28
what others could not.
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상상할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
OK, one more tool of foresight.
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선견지λͺ…μ˜ 도ꡬ가 ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
This one I think of as creating shared heirlooms.
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이번 λ„κ΅¬λŠ” 가보λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
These are lobster fishermen on the Pacific coast of Mexico,
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이뢄듀은 λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ˜ νƒœν‰μ–‘ ν•΄μ•ˆμ˜ λ°”λ‹·κ°€μž¬ μ–΄λΆ€λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
and they're the ones who taught me this.
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그듀이 λ°”λ‘œ 제게 이 방법을 κ°€λ₯΄μ³ μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
08:44
They have protected their lobster harvest there
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그듀은 거의 λ°± λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ°”λ‹·κ°€μž¬ μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ„
08:46
for nearly a century,
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μœ μ§€ν•΄μ˜€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
and they've done that by treating it as a shared resource
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그듀이 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것은 κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄ 온 지식을
08:52
that they're passing on to their collected children and grandchildren.
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μžλ…€μ™€ μ†μžμ†λ…€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 전해쀄 곡유 μžμ›μ²˜λŸΌ μ—¬κ²ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:55
They carefully measure what they catch
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그듀은 그듀이 μž‘μ•˜λ˜ 것을 주의 깊게 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ ,
08:58
so that they're not taking the breeding lobster out of the ocean.
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λ²ˆμ‹μ€‘μΈ λ°”λ‹·κ°€μž¬λ“€μ€ μˆ˜ν™•ν•΄κ°€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Across North America, there are more than 30 fisheries
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λΆμ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ”, λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λŠ”
09:05
that are doing something vaguely similar to this.
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30개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μˆ˜μ‚°μ–΄μž₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
They're creating long-term stakes in the fisheries known as catch shares
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ν˜„μž¬ λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν™•ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:13
which get fishermen to be motivated
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μž₯κΈ° 생쑴을 μœ„ν•΄ μˆ˜ν™• 곡유λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©°
09:15
not just in taking whatever they can from the ocean today
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μž₯기적인 μ΄μœ€μ„ μ°½μΆœν•˜λ € λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
but in its long-term survival.
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μ΄λŠ” μ–΄λΆ€λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 쒋은 동기뢀여가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
Now there are many, many more tools of foresight
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  싢은 선견지λͺ…μ˜ λ„κ΅¬λŠ”
09:25
I would love to share with you,
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더 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
and they come from all kinds of places:
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그리고 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“ μ§€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:29
investment firms that look beyond near-term stock prices,
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단기 μ£Όκ°€ μ§€μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œμ„œ 미래λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ‹€λ³΄λŠ” 투자 νšŒμ‚¬,
09:32
states that have freed their elections
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μ„ κ±° 자금 ν›„μ›μ²˜μ˜ 직접적 이읡을
09:34
from the immediate interests of campaign financiers.
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λŒ€λ³€ν•˜λŠ” μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό μ—†μ• λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μš”.
09:39
And we're going to need to marshal as many of these tools as we can
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œ 이런 도ꡬ듀을 μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 많이 λͺ¨μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
if we want to rethink what we measure,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μž¬κ³ ν•˜κ³ ,
09:45
change what we reward
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄μƒν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μƒμ„ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³ ,
09:47
and be brave enough to imagine what lies ahead.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 일듀을 μƒμƒν•˜λ„λ‘ μš©κ°ν•΄μ§€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
09:52
Not all this is going to be easy, as you can imagine.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ λŠλΌμ…¨κ² μ§€λ§Œ, 이 과정은 쉽지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
Some of these tools we can pick up in our own lives,
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μ–΄λ–€ 도ꡬ듀은 우리 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‚Άμ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이고,
10:00
some we're going to need to do in businesses or in communities,
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μ–΄λ–€ 도ꡬ듀은 κΈ°μ—…μ²΄λ‚˜ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ—μ„œ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것이고,
10:05
and some we need to do as a society.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것은 μ‚¬νšŒ μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Όκ² μ£ .
10:09
The future is worth this effort.
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미래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯은 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
My own inspiration to keep up this effort is the instrument I shared with you.
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μ œκ°€ 이 λ…Έλ ₯을 계속 ν•˜κ²Œ 된 μ΄μœ λŠ” μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ˜ 악기에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
It's called a dilruba,
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이것은 λ”œλ£¨λ°”λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
and it was custom-made for my great-grandfather.
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μ €μ˜ μ¦μ‘°ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€κ»˜μ„œ μ£Όλ¬Έ μ œμž‘ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
10:25
He was a well-known music and art critic in India
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κ·ΈλŠ” 20μ„ΈκΈ° 초반 μΈλ„μ—μ„œ 유λͺ…ν•œ
10:28
in the early 20th century.
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μŒμ•… 및 예술 λΉ„ν‰κ°€μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
10:32
My great-grandfather had the foresight to protect this instrument
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저희 증쑰 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  물건을 λ‹€ 전당포에 λ‚΄λ†“λ˜ λ‹Ήμ‹œ,
10:37
at a time when my great-grandmother was pawning off all their belongings,
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저희 증쑰 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€κ»˜μ„œλŠ” 이 μ•…κΈ°λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•  선견지λͺ…이 μžˆμœΌμ…¨μ£ .
10:41
but that's another story.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그건 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
He protected it by giving it to the next generation,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•…κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— λ¬Όλ €μ£Όμ–΄ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
by giving it to my grandmother,
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저희 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ λ¬Όλ €λ°›μœΌμ…¨κ³ ,
10:50
and she gave it to me.
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ €μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όλ €μ£Όμ…¨μ£ .
10:54
When I first heard the sound of this instrument,
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μ œκ°€ 처음 κ·Έ μ•…κΈ°μ˜ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
10:57
it haunted me.
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μ €λŠ” λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:59
It felt like hearing a wanderer in the Himalayan fog.
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그건 마치 νžˆλ§λΌμ•Ό μ‚°λ§₯ μ•ˆκ°œ μ†μ˜ λ°©λž‘μžμ˜ μ†Œλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ λ“€λ Έμ–΄μš”.
11:05
It felt like hearing a voice from the past.
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κ³Όκ±°λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“£λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜μ£ .
11:08
(Music)
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(μŒμ•…)
11:44
(Music ends)
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(μŒμ•… 끝)
11:49
That's my friend Simran Singh playing the dilruba.
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제 친ꡬ μ‹¬λž€ 싱이 λ”œλ£¨λ°”λ₯Ό μ—°μ£Όν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:53
When I play it, it sounds like a cat's dying somewhere,
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μ œκ°€ μ—°μ£Όν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 고양이가 μ£½μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ 났을 ν…Œλ‹ˆ,
11:56
so you're welcome.
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κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œν•˜μ…”λ„ λ˜μš”.
11:57
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:00
This instrument is in my home today,
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μ € μ•…κΈ°λŠ” 제 집에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
but it doesn't actually belong to me.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 μ†Œμœ λ¬Όμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
12:06
It's my role to shepherd it in time,
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제 역할은 그것을 λ³΄μ‚΄ν”ΌλŠ” 것이고,
12:10
and that feels more meaningful to me than just owning it for today.
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μ†Œμœ ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 더 의미있게 λŠκ»΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
This instrument positions me as both a descendant and an ancestor.
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이 μ•…κΈ°λŠ” μ €λ₯Ό 후손, 그리고 μ‘°μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
It makes me feel part of a story bigger than my own.
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μ œκ°€ 제 μžμ‹ λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 더 큰 μ„œμ‚¬μ˜ ν•œ 뢀뢄인 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 느끼게 ν•˜μ£ .
12:28
And this, I believe,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
is the single most powerful way we can reclaim foresight:
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 선견지λͺ…을 λ˜μ°Ύμ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
12:35
by seeing ourselves as the good ancestors we long to be,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°ˆλ§ν•˜λŠ” 쒋은 μ‘°μƒμœΌλ‘œ 우리 μžμ‹ μ„ 바라보고,
12:41
ancestors not just to our own children
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우리 μžλ…€ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ „ 인λ₯˜μ˜
12:45
but to all humanity.
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쑰상이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μš”.
12:48
Whatever your heirloom is,
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 가보가 무엇이든지,
12:52
however big or small,
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ν‚€κ°€ 크든지 μž‘λ“ μ§€,
12:55
protect it
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그것을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
12:58
and know that its music can resonate for generations.
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그것이 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μŒμ•…μ€ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό 걸쳐 울렀퍼질 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:03
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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